Collapsing Glomerulopathy- A Troublemaker for the Renal Allograft: Lessons Learnt.

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a well-recognized distinct morphological pattern of proliferative parenchymal injury leading to rapid graft failure. We conducted a single-center retrospective study to evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of CG in renal transplant recepient. We analyzed 2518 renal allograft biopsies performed from 2007 to 2015 and correlated their clinicopathological features.

Six years' experience of tolerance induction in renal transplantation using stem cell therapy.

Tolerance induction (TI) has been attempted with chimerism/clonal deletion. We report results of TI protocol (TIP) using stem cell therapy (SCT) included adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in 10 living-donor related renal transplantation (LDRT) patients under non-myeloablative conditioning with Bortezomib, Methylprednisone, rabbit-anti-thymoglobulin and Rituximab, without using conventional immunosuppression. Transplantation was performed following acceptable lymphocyte cross-match, flow cross-match, single antigen assay and negative mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).

Unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia: Prenatal diagnosis on ultrasound.

Multicystic renal dysplasia (MCRD) is the most common cause of abnormally enlarged kidney, diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound examination. It is an abnormality of the embryonic development in which the renal parenchyma is substituted by nonfunctioning renal tissue made up of cysts which do not communicate with each other. Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), pelviureteric junction obstruction, vesicoureteric junction obstruction, and ureterocele are the most commonly seen abnormalities in contralateral kidney.

Unusually Detected Anti-M Antibody Presenting as Cross Match Incompatibility in a Female Child Diagnosed with Small Round Cell Tumour.

MNS antigen system is one of the human blood group systems. Anti-M antibody is a relatively common, naturally occurring antibody of IgM variety. Clinically significant anti-M antibody is reactive at 37°C in the anti-human globulin phase due to high thermal amplitude of IgM component or presence of IgG component.

Role of CT scan in diagnosis of renal lymphangiectasia: our single-center experience.

Background: Renal lymphangiectasia is rarely reported benign renal disorder of lymphatic malformation. Though found incidentally; it presents with nonspecific symptoms and shows characteristic findings in radiological imaging studies.

Aim: Here, we report eight patients with symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings compatible with renal lymphangiectasia.

Stem cells: An emerging novel therapeutic for type-1 diabetes mellitus.

Stem cell based strategies are therapeutically potent for treating type-1 diabetes mellitus owing to their intrinsic regenerative capacity and immunomodulatory properties to arrest autoimmune β-cell destruction, preserve residual β-cell mass, facilitate endogenous regeneration, ameliorate innate/ alloimmune graft rejection, restore β-cell-specific unresponsiveness in absence of chronic immunosuppression and to reverse hyperglycemia.

In-vitro generation of interleukin-10 secreting B-regulatory cells from donor adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells and recipient peripheral blood mononuclear cells for potential cell therapy.

Background: Interleukin-10 secreting B-cells are a major subset of B-regulatory cells (B-regs), commonly recognized as CD19/38/24/IL10. They carry out immunomodulation by release of specific cytokines and/or cell-to-cell contact. We have generated B-regs in-vitro from donor adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and renal allograft recipient (RAR) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for potential cell therapy.

Anesthetic management of two cases of Bardet-Biedl syndrome for renal transplantation.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. It is a type of ciliopathy characterized by retinal dystrophy, central obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment, and gonadal and renal dysgenesis. It has been suggested that the involved proteins attach to the basal body of ciliated cells making this a disorder of ciliary dysfunction.

Invasive fungal infections in renal transplant patients: a single center study.

Background: Timely diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in renal transplant (RT) patients on immunosuppression is often difficult, jeopardizing their life and graft. We reported IFI and their causative fungal agents in post-RT patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective 6-year clinical study carried out from 2010 to 2015 on 1900 RT patients.

Progressive Perineal Urethroplasty for Pelvic Fracture Urethral Distraction Defect in Prepubertal Children: The Outcome.

Background: Urethroplasty in pediatric patients is a challenging task. In this study, we have tried to assess the complexity and evaluate the outcome of progressive perineal anastomotic urethroplasty in prepubertal children.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data of all the prepubertal children who underwent progressive perineal urethroplasty between March 2009 and April 2014 were analyzed.

Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for benign nonfunctioning kidneys: Training and outcome.

Introduction: Between the two techniques of laparoscopic nephrectomy, retroperitoneoscopy has certain distinct advantages over transperitoneal access but may be a more difficult technique to learn. We present our experience of training novices in retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy with a good outcome, making it a standard of care for nephrectomy at our institute.

Methods: The aim of this study was to report the initial experience, learning curve, and outcome of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy by novices under a mentored approach.

Radial artery pseudoaneurysm: A rare complication after a single arterial puncture for blood-gas analysis.

With a reported incidence of 0.048%, radial artery pseudoaneurysm (PA) is a rare but serious complication of arterial cannulation. We report a case of PA developing after a single puncture of the right radial artery for arterial blood-gas analysis diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound in young male patient.

Portal Vein Thrombosis and Arterioportal Fistula in Post Liver Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

An intrahepatic Arterioportal Fistula Refers (APF) to abnormal shunt or fistulous connection between the portal venous system and a hepatic arterial system within the liver. Here, we present a case of portal vein thrombosis with APF in post-transplant liver, developed 2 years and 6 months after transplantation. The condition was diagnosed by Triphasic CT angiography.

Bilateral Renal Lymphangiectasia.

Renal Lymphangiectasia (RLM) is very rare benign lymphatic malformation. It can be misdiagnosed for other cystic renal masses, most commonly polycystic kidneys. Though incidentally found in most cases, it may be the cause for hypertension and renal failure in undiagnosed patients.

The long-term outcomes after staged repair of exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Introduction: Classic bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare malformation of the genito-urinary tract affecting 1:50,000 to 1:100,000 live births. The surgical reconstruction of the BE-epispadias complex is challenging for the most experienced pediatric urologists, surgeons, and orthopedists.

Purpose: To assess the success of staged reconstruction of the BE and long-term effects on the upper urinary tract, renal function, and continence.

Pheohyphomycosis in Renal Transplant Recipient Presenting as a Rare Case of Submandibular Salivary Gland Swelling.

Renal transplant patients are at high risk of developing various infections causing morbidity and mortality. Invasive fungal infection has been recognized as a significant complication of organ transplantation. The major fungal infections in these patients are due to candida, aspergillus and mucormycosis.

Non-Functional Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroma Masquerading as Chronic Calculus Cholecystitis.

Adrenal ganglioneuromas in young adults are rare and ill-understood. We report an incidentally detected adrenal gland tumor diagnosed as ganglioneuroma (mature type) in 33 years old man who presented with vomiting and epigastric pain for 2 months. Histopathology examination revealed a well-encapsulated benign tumor of mature ganglion cells and Schwann-like cells arranged in fascicles, staining strongly with NSE and s-100 proteins, with adjacent unremarkable adrenal cortex and medulla.

Adult Presentation of Ectopic Vas Deferens with Dysplastic Kidney.

A 24-year-old male presented with voiding lower urinary tract symptoms. On evaluation, the patient was found to have midbulbar urethral stricture and right dysplastic pelvic kidney with right vesicoureteral reflux. A micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) shows opacification of the right vas deferens along the entire course till the testis.

Extended partial cystectomy with augmentation cystoplasty in urachal adenocarcinoma: An oncologically favorable but underutilized alternative to radical cystectomy.

Partial/extended partial cystectomy (EPC) is the most common surgery done for localized urachal malignancies. However, sometimes, after EPC, patients may be left with small bladder remnant, reconstruction of which will result in very small capacity bladder with resultant severe storage voiding symptoms. We report a case of urachal adenocarcinoma, in which when a small bladder remnant was left post-EPC, instead of proceeding with radical cystectomy (RC) and neobladder (the standard alternative), bladder augmentation was done with good oncological and voiding outcome.