DEHP and Its Metabolite MEHP Alter the and Gene Expression by Blunting the Interaction of Transcription Factors in L6 Myotubes.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) play an important role in the incidence of type-2 diabetes. Di-2-ethyl hexyl Phthalate (DEHP) is one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility and softness to plastic-containing materials. Mono-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (MEHP), a DEHP's primary metabolite, is preferentially absorbed once metabolized.

Hypocholesterolemic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KAVK1 modulates lipid accumulation on 3T3-L1 adipose cells and high fat diet-induced obese rat model.

The significance of microorganisms occurring in foods is predominantly targeted due to their application for identifying a novel range of the bacterial spectrum. Diverse microbial species are capable of exhibiting potential pharmacological activities like antimicrobial and anticancer. Microbial strains capable of reducing obesity-related syndromes have also been reported.

Unraveling Hypothalamus-Pituitary dysregulation: Hypergonadotropism in F progeny due to prenatal exposure to hexavalent chromium.

The endocrine disruptor hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a proven reproductive toxicant. We recently demonstrated that prenatal Cr(VI) exposure causes testicular resistance to gonadotropins, resulting in hypergonadotropic hypoandrogenism in F rats. However, the mechanism driving hypergonadotropism in F rats exposed to Cr(VI) prenatally remains an enigma.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Favors Runx2-Mediated Matrix Mineralization in HOS and SaOS2 Cells: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that is both systemic and silent characterized by an unbalanced activity of bone remodeling leading to bone loss. Rising evidences demonstrate that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has an important role in the regulation on the metabolism of bone. However, TSH regulation on human osteoblast essential transcriptional factors has not been identified.

Prenatal exposure to hexavalent chromium disrupts testicular steroidogenic pathway in peripubertal F rats.

We have reported sub-fertility in F progeny rats with gestational exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which had disrupted Sertoli cell (SC) structure and function, and decreased testosterone (T). However, the underlying mechanism for reduced T remains to be understood. We tested the hypothesis "transient prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) affects testicular steroidogenesis by altering hormone receptors and steroidogenic enzyme proteins in Leydig cells (LCs).

Quercetin attenuates metastatic ability of human metastatic ovarian cancer cells via modulating multiple signaling molecules involved in cell survival, proliferation, migration and adhesion.

Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynaecology related cancer due to its high metastasizing ability. Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoids received increased interest due to its anti-cancer properties. Although the anticancer property of quercetin is very well known, its anti-metastatic effect on metastatic ovarian cancer cells and their underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated.

A C21-steroidal derivative suppresses T-cell lymphoma in mice by inhibiting SIRT3 via SAP18-SIN3.

The SIN3 repressor complex and the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 control cell growth, and development as well as malignant transformation. Even then, a little known about cross-talks between these two chromatin modifiers or whether their interaction explored therapeutically. Here we describe the identification of a C-steroidal derivative compound, 3-O-chloroacetyl-gagamine, A671, which potently suppresses the growth of mouse and human T-cell lymphoma and erythroleukemia in vitro and preclinical models.

Prenatal exposure to excess chromium attenuates transcription factors regulating expression of androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors in Sertoli cells of prepuberal rats.

We have reported that gestational exposure to hexavalent chromium (CrVI) represses androgen receptor (Ar) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (Fshr) in Sertoli cells (SCs) of adult rats, while the mechanism underlying remains obscure. We tested the hypothesis "transient gestational exposure to CrVI during the critical embryonic windows of testicular differentiation and growth may have adverse impact on transcription factors controlling the expression of Ar and Fshr in SCs of the F progeny". CrVI (KCrO) was given through drinking water (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm), to pregnant rats from gestational day 9-14 (testicular differentiation) and 15 to 21 (prenatal differentiation and proliferation of SC); male progenies were sacrificed on postnatal day 30 (Completion of postnatal SC maturation).

Erythropoietin Signaling in the Microenvironment of Tumors and Healthy Tissues.

Erythropoietin (EPO), the primary cytokine of erythropoiesis, stimulates both proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors and their maturation to red blood cells. Basal EPO levels maintain the optimum levels of circulating red blood cells. However, during hypoxia, EPO secretion and its expression is elevated drastically in renal interstitial fibroblasts, thereby increasing the number of erythroid progenitors and accelerating their differentiation to mature erythrocytes.

New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase and other mechanisms of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in rural South India.

Objectives: The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an important public health problem. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in clinically important members of Enterobacteriaceae in rural South India.

Methods: Routine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.

Autophagy Intertwines with Different Diseases-Recent Strategies for Therapeutic Approaches.

Autophagy is a regular and substantial "clear-out process" that occurs within the cell and that gets rid of debris that accumulates in membrane-enclosed vacuoles by using enzyme-rich lysosomes, which are filled with acids that degrade the contents of the vacuoles. This machinery is well-connected with many prevalent diseases, including cancer, HIV, and Parkinson's disease. Considering that autophagy is well-known for its significant connections with a number of well-known fatal diseases, a thorough knowledge of the current findings in the field is essential in developing therapies to control the progression rate of diseases.

Quercetin inhibits human metastatic ovarian cancer cell growth and modulates components of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in PA-1 cell line.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynaecology related cancer death worldwide. It is often diagnosed with an advanced stage. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death controlled by cell cycle machinery and several signaling pathways.

Hinokitiol Offers Neuroprotection Against 6-OHDA-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells by Downregulating mRNA Expression of MAO/α-Synuclein/LRRK2/PARK7/PINK1/PTEN Genes.

Parkinson's disease (PD) remarks its pathology by affecting the patient's movements and postural instability by dopaminergic loss in the substantia nigra of midbrain. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein followed by dementia symptoms. Moreover, the pathology enhances the production of monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and B), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), and PARK7 (deglycase 1 (DJ-1)).

Serum levels of chemokines IP-10, IL-8 and SDF-1 serve as good biomarkers for diabetes-tuberculosis nexus.

Background: Inflammation has long been identified as an essential component of both Type-2 diabetes and tuberculosis. Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins which play an important role in both inflammation (diabetes) and immunity (tuberculosis).

Methods: In this study, we measured the serum levels of IP-10, IL-8 and SDF-1 in subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT-TB = 108; NGT-TB = 200), Pre-Diabetes (PDM-TB = 118; PDM-TB = 105), Newly Diagnosed Diabetes (NDM-TB = 105; NDM-TB = 63) and Known Diabetes (KDM-TB = 131; KDM-TB = 108), by ELISA.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine/chemokine genes are associated with severe infection, ulcer grade and amputation in diabetic foot ulcer.

Compared to other complications the genetics of diabetic foot ulcer is poorly studied. The Interleukin (IL)-6 (-174G > C/rs1800795), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α (-308G > A/rs1800629) and (-238G > A/rs361525) and Stromal cell Derived Factor (SDF)-1 (+801G > A/rs1801157) are well characterized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were previously shown to be associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). In the present study, we looked at the association of these SNPs with foot microbial infection, Wagner's ulcer grade and treatment procedure, along with serum levels of these cytokines (intermediate phenotype) and other serum biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, CRP and HOMA-IR) in subjects with DFU.

Transient gestational exposure to drinking water containing excess hexavalent chromium modifies insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle of rat progeny.

Chromium (Cr), an essential micronutrient potentiates insulin action, whereas excess hexavalent Cr (CrVI) acts as an endocrine disruptor. Pregnant mothers living in areas abutting industries using the metal and chromite ore dumps are exposed to ground water contaminated with Cr. Nevertheless, the impact of prenatal exposure to excess CrVI on insulin signaling in the progeny remains obscure.

Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.

Background: Stress is an inevitable part of life, and maternal stress during the gestational period has dramatic effects in the early programming of the physiology and behavior of offspring. The developmental period is crucial for the well-being of the offspring. Prenatal stress influences the developmental outcomes of the fetus, in part because the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to stress.

Inhibition of cell survival and proliferation by nimbolide in human androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC-3) cells: involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Prostate cancer is most common malignancy among men in the world. PI3K-Akt signaling appears to be critical to prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival. Our earlier study reveals that nimbolide (2 µM) prevents cell survival via IGF signaling pathway through PI3K/Akt and induces apoptosis in PC-3 cell line.

Validation of novel cost-effective antimicrobial gradient strips for the determination of carbapenem susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate the use of LML antimicrobial gradient strips for quantitative determination of carbapenem susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae.

Methods: A total of 95 non-redundant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated during 2012-2014 were used for this validation study. Initially, LML antimicrobial gradient strips were validated for their performance in comparison with the agar dilution method.

D-Pinitol Protects Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective activity of D-Pinitol against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The animals were divided into six groups, with each group consisting of six animals. Group I animals served as normal controls and received olive oil vehicle (1.

Protective role of Kalpaamruthaa in type II diabetes mellitus-induced cardiovascular disease through the modulation of protease-activated receptor-1.

Background: Kalpaamruthaa (KA) is a formulatory herbal preparation has beneficial antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties against cardiovascular damage (CVD).

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective role of KA in type II diabetes mellitus-induced CVD through the modulation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1).

Materials And Methods: CVD was developed in 8 weeks after type II diabetes mellitus induction with high fat diet (2 weeks) and low dose of streptozotocin (2 × 35 mg/kg b.

Genetic association of IL-6, TNF-α and SDF-1 polymorphisms with serum cytokine levels in diabetic foot ulcer.

The IL-6 -174G/C (rs1800795), TNF-α -308G/A (rs1800629) and -238G/A (rs361525) and SDF-1 801G/A (rs1801157) are well characterized SNPs which have previously been linked to various diabetic complications. However, the involvement of these SNPs in DFU remains poorly studied. In the present study we looked at the association of these SNPs with DFU (disease phenotype) and correlated it with the serum levels of cytokines (intermediate phenotype) along with other clinical risk factors of DFU (adiponectin, leptin and hsCRP).