Factors Influencing Bile Duct Injuries: A Dreaded Complication of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Bile duct injuries (BDIs) are dreaded complications of one of the most common general surgical procedures. The injury impacts the quality of life and may have several long-term complications. In some cases, it can also lead to mortality.

Hemodynamic and clinical outcomes with balloon-expandable valves versus self-expanding valves in patients with small aortic annulus undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A -analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity score matched studies.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is considered more effective than surgical aortic valve implantation for patients with a small aortic annulus (SAA), however, the comparative efficacy of different transcatheter heart valves (THVs) remains uncertain. A literature search was performed across databases from their inception until June 2024 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score matched (PSM) studies. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using a random-effects model to pool risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Developmental exposure of antibiotics shortens life span and induces teratogenicity in .

Antibiotics are the major therapeutic arsenal against bacterial infections. Yet, beneath this medical triumph lies an under investigated challenge of the potential teratological and toxicological impacts associated with the use of antibiotics. In the present study, we have explored the teratogenic potential of five commonly used antibiotics (streptomycin, metronidazole, tigecycline, doxycycline and norfloxacin) on Oregon-R strain.

Efficacy and Safety of Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant Compared With Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant for Refractory Glaucoma at One Year: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glaucoma stands as a prominent contributor to irreversible vision impairment on a global scale. For decades, the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI) has been used to treat refractory glaucoma. Yet, the cost-effective Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant (AADI) has gained clinical attention as a viable alternative for managing glaucoma.

Use of radiologic imaging to differentiate lipoma from atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma: Systematic review.

Background: Lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumors or well-differentiated liposarcomas (ALTs/WDLs), pose a diagnostic challenge due to their overlapping clinical and imaging features. Accurate differentiation is crucial as treatment strategies differ significantly between benign lipomas and malignant ALTs/WDLs. In recent years, medical imaging techniques have shown promise in distinguishing lipomas from ALTs/WDLs by providing enhanced visualization and assessment of various imaging parameters.

Management of recurrent end-stage achalasia with robotic-assisted esophagectomy: a case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Achalasia, an uncommon esophageal motility disorder, presents therapeutic challenges, especially in refractory cases with a history of multiple surgeries. Here, we present a complex case illustrating the dilemmas and multidisciplinary approach required in managing such patients. This case underscores the relevance of newer techniques like robotic-assisted esophagectomy in refractory achalasia management.

Self-diagnosis and self-medication based on internet search among Non-Medical University students of Karachi.

Background: For a decade, the topic of self-diagnosis and self-medication has gained significant attention due to the widespread availability of information on the internet and over-the-counter medication. This research explores the rational considerations behind individuals' self-diagnosis and self-medication practices. Our main objective is to find out the frequency of self-diagnosis and self-medication in the general population and its associated risks and benefits.

Rare co-occurrence of probable pernicious anemia and autoimmune hepatitis in a 55-year-old male patient: A case report.

This is a case of probable pernicious anemia in the setting of autoimmune hepatitis. A 55-year-old male patient presented to the Emergency Room at Dr. Ruth K.

Anatomical Variation of the Olfactory Fossa According to Keros and Yenigun Classifications in Karachi, Pakistan.

Aim: The goal of our research is to assess the olfactory fossa anatomical variation through Keros and Yenigun classification by computed tomography (CT) scan of paranasal sinuses (PNS), as in order for surgeons to prevent major complications, they must be familiar with its variations in anatomy during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) related to anterior ethmoidal artery injury, as its course varies with depth and length of the olfactory fossa.

Methods: At Karachi's Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), retrospective research was carried out. From anterior to posterior, sequential coronal and axial pictures were examined, and the existence and location of further anatomical characteristics were documented.

Mermaid Syndrome: Navigating the Challenges of a Rare Congenital Disorder.

Sirenomelia, or mermaid syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the fusion of lower limbs and often associated with multisystem organ dysfunction, resulting in poor survival beyond the neonatal period. We report a case of sirenomelia in a full-term infant born to a 28-year-old primigravida with no significant medical history, gestational diabetes, or teratogenic exposure. The antenatal period was complicated by oligohydramnios, though routine ultrasounds failed to detect the condition.

Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors before non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A large number of patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries are on long-term use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The current guidelines regarding the continuation or discontinuation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAAS) inhibitors before noncardiac surgery are conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether continuing or withholding RAAS inhibitors before noncardiac surgery influences perioperative mortality and complications.

Responses of health professionals to coronavirus, coronavirus variants, and vaccines: Cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID-19 has affected millions of people around the world since its first case in 2019. In this pandemic, health professionals have been among the most vulnerable groups to contracting the virus or spreading it to others; therefore, their appropriate response in line with health and safety is crucial and needs to be addressed.

Objective: This study evaluated health professionals' behaviors and attitudes toward COVID-19.

Decision-making and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: neuroeconomic perspective.

The decision-making process involves various cognitive procedures influenced by the interplay between cognition, motivation, and attention, forming a complex neural framework. Attention is a fundamental cognitive element within decision-making mechanisms, and one of the conditions affecting the attentional system is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Decision-making impairments in ADHD have significant economic consequences, necessitating effective policies and interventions to address this critical issue.

Characterization of the single cell landscape in normal and osteoarthritic equine joints.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major source of pain and disability worldwide. Understanding of disease progression is evolving, but OA is increasingly thought to be a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of OA immunopathogenesis through characterization of the transcriptomic responses in OA joints, with the goal to facilitate the development of targeted therapies.

Acetylsalicylic acid dosed at bedtime vs. dosed in the morning for circadian rhythm of blood pressure- a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) identified as a major risk factor. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid-ASA) has been considered for CVD prevention, prompting questions about its optimal use in primary and secondary prevention and the ideal dosing time to maximize its impact on circadian blood pressure rhythms. Previous research suggests a potential benefit of bedtime aspirin dosing in reducing blood pressure, attributed to its effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and nitric oxide production.

Safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pre-treated advanced stage malignant mesothelioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently presented as a viable option in some first line but primarily as a second-line treatment of advanced-stage malignant mesothelioma (asMM). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of PD-1/L-1 ICIs in advanced-stage malignant mesothelioma.

Decompressive craniectomy versus craniotomy for acute subdural hematoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis with an adjusted subgroup analysis.

Introduction: Acute subdural hematomas are major causes of morbidity which warrant immediate treatment. If surgical intervention is warranted, craniotomy (CO) and decompressive craniectomy (DC) are employed, largely based on a loosely defined criteria and the neurosurgeon's best judgment. The primacy of one approach over another is a matter of dispute.