Influence of birthplace and age at migration on cognitive aging among Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S.: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Background And Objectives: While Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S. are remarkably diverse in terms of birthplace and age at migration, we poorly understand how these factors are associated with cognitive aging.

Lentinan's effect on gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines in 5-FU-induced mucositis mice.

Chemotherapeutic therapies for cancer are frequently associated with cytotoxic side effects that can be harmful to human health, including the development of intestinal mucositis (IM). It mostly affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing ulceration, inflammation, and the formation of lesions in the colon. Surprisingly, despite the frequency of IM, therapeutic choices remain restricted.

Sex Differences in Long COVID.

Importance: A substantial number of individuals worldwide experience long COVID, or post-COVID condition. Other postviral and autoimmune conditions have a female predominance, but whether the same is true for long COVID, especially within different subgroups, is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate sex differences in the risk of developing long COVID among adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Efficacy and safety of ivermectin-albendazole combination versus ivermectin or albendazole monotherapy in soil-transmitted helminthiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis remains a daunting challenge to global health, exerting its greatest toll on resource-limited regions of the world. A dual drug approach using the co-administration of ivermectin and albendazole has shown promising results in comparison to the traditional monotherapy strategy. In light of this, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted.

Monocyte count as an independent predictor of high thrombus burden in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Due to the lack of a prior comprehensive review and meta-analysis, the relationship between monocyte count and thrombus load in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been adequately established.

Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple cohorts (retrospective and prospective) and cross-sectional studies.We queried electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central) from their inception to April 2022.

Retraction: Neurological Manifestations of Infectious Diseases: Insights From Recent Cases.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51256.

Clinical presentation and management of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: a case report.

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) is an exceptionally rare disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of excruciating ophthalmoplegia, commonly affecting one side of the face and involving the third, fourth, sixth, and fifth cranial nerves. This syndrome results from non-specific inflammation affecting the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure (SOF), and/or orbital apex. In this case report, we present the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and management of a 46-year-old female with THS.

A short communication regarding the trends and prevalence of H. Pylori in unselected gastric mucosal biopsy samples at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan: a five-year retrospective study.

A spiral gram-negative bacteria, known as helicobacter pylori, is frequently discovered in the stomach and is linked to a number of clinical disorders. Understanding its prevalence and trends is crucial for both improved clinical outcomes as well as greater epidemiological insight into the region. The current retrospective study was planned to analyse the prevalence and frequency trends of helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosal samples from a Karachi-based tertiary care centre.

Blue light cystoscopy- as an improvised diagnostic modality for bladder tumours.

Bladder cancer remains a significant global health concern, being the 10th most common malignancy worldwide and the 6th most common neoplasia in males, with alarming annual incidence and mortality rates. The current narrative review was planned to delve into the multifaceted landscape of bladder cancer, exploring its epidemiology, risk factors and diagnostic modalities. While white light cystoscopy has long been considered the gold standard for bladder cancer diagnosis and surveillance, the emergence of blue light cystoscopy has ushered in a new era of early detection.

Challenges in practice and training structure of residents in obstetric anaesthesia: A perspective from teaching hospitals in Sindh province of Pakistan.

Objectives: To document information on the available obstetric anaesthesia services and structure of resident training in a Pakistani setting.

Methods: The survey was conducted from June to September 2018 across the Sindh province of Pakitan after approval from the ethics reiew committee of the Pakistan Society of Anaesthesiology, and covered all teaching hospitals in both public and private sectors recognised for residents' training for fellowship in Anaesthesiology by the College of Physician and Surgeons of Pakistan. A standardised questionnaire was filled by either the department chairperson or a senior designated faculty member in each institution regarding obstetric anaesthesia services and structure of resident training.

Correlation of fecal microbiome dysregulation to synovial transcriptome in an equine model of obesity associated osteoarthritis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly thought to be a multifactorial disease in which sustained gut inflammation serves as a continued source of inflammatory mediators driving degenerative processes at distant sites such as joints. The objective of this study was to use the equine model of naturally occurring obesity associated OA to compare the fecal microbiome in OA and health and correlate those findings to differential gene expression synovial fluid (SF) cells, circulating leukocytes and cytokine levels (plasma, SF) towards improved understanding of the interplay between microbiome and immune transcriptome in OA pathophysiology.

Methods: Feces, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and SF cells were isolated from healthy skeletally mature horses (n=12; 6 males, 6 females) and those with OA (n=6, 2 females, 4 males).

Effect of chronic total occlusion of coronary arteries on cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has significantly advanced the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS), particularly in elderly patients who often have coexisting coronary artery disease (CAD). Chronic total occlusion (CTO), a severe form of CAD, may negatively impact outcomes in TAVR patients, though data are limited. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of CTO on TAVR outcomes.

Comparing Patency of Pulmonary Stent Implantation and Balloon Angioplasty in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is an insidious diagnosis associated with morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic therapy may suffice initially, but advanced stages demand mechanical intervention. Pulmonary stent implantation (PSI) and pulmonary balloon angioplasty (PBA) are common strategies, both carrying restenosis risks.

Adolopment of Recommendations for Standardized Reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Pakistan.

Introduction: The standardization of reporting in clinical laboratories, particularly regarding Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) and Urine Protein Electrophoresis (UPEP), is crucial for effective communication of findings to clinicians and optimal patient management. However, in countries like Pakistan with limited healthcare resources and a prevalent self-payment model, challenges arise in achieving standardized reporting practices. This manuscript addresses the need for standardized guidelines for protein electrophoresis reporting in Pakistan, aiming to enhance laboratory practices and patient care.

CPAP Therapy for OSA and Its Impact on Various Cardiovascular Disorders.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a highly prevalent and serious disorder with significant complications, causes considerable daytime and nighttime symptoms as well as long-term consequences and is yet an underdiagnosed and inadequately treated condition. Patients with OSA undergo frequent awakenings during the sleep cycle and find it impossible to get restorative sleep. Individuals are extremely fatigued, sleepy, and irritable throughout the day.

Mortality trends, sex, and racial disparities in older adults due to abdominal aortic aneurysm: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a significant vascular pathology in older adults, often asymptomatic but with high mortality upon rupture. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical interventions, AAAs remain a public health concern. This research letter analyzed CDC WONDER data on AAA-related deaths (ICD-10 I71.

Meta-analysis of longitudinal comparison of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients at low to intermediate surgical risk.

Background: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is the commonly used approach for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with aortic stenosis at low or intermediate surgical risk. However, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as an alternative to SAVR for AVR. This meta-analysis aims to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of TAVR versus SAVR in low-to-intermediate surgical risk patients by analyzing temporal trends in the outcomes of TAVR and SAVR at various follow-up intervals, providing a more detailed understanding.

Assessing the efficacy of farnesoid X receptor agonists in the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis: Efficacy of Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Several randomized clinical trials have been conducted assessing the potential efficacy of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). A comprehensive review and analysis were needed to evaluate the findings of these trials. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to study the association between FXR agonists and hepatic outcomes in patients with MASLD.

Type of arrhythmias and the risk of sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients on long-term dialysis for end-stage kidney disease have a high mortality rate, predominantly due to sudden cardiac death (SCD), which is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias compared to the general population. Thus, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the incidence of SCD among dialysis patients at risk of arrhythmia.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines.

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment.

Evaluating the local immune microenvironment of the canine nasal cavity can be important for investigating normal tissue health and disease conditions, particularly those associated with local inflammation. We have optimized a technique to evaluate the local nasal immune microenvironment of dogs via serial nasal lavage. Briefly, with dogs under anesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency, prewarmed sterile saline is flushed into the affected nostril using a flexible soft rubber catheter.