Healthcare resource utilization and costs among treatment-naïve people with HIV in state Medicaids: analysis of multi-tablet vs. single-tablet antiretroviral regimen initiators with and without concurrent mental health disorders.

Background: Research is needed to understand the impact of mental health disorders (MHD) on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH).

Objectives: Examine the HCRU and cost burden among treatment-naïve PWH with and without MHD initiating single tablet antiretroviral regimens (STRs) and multi-tablet regimens (MTRs).

Methods: A retrospective database analysis of the US Medicaid population from Anlitiks' All Payor Claims database between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2023 was conducted.

Effects of the therapeutic correction of U1 snRNP complex on Alzheimer's disease.

The U1 snRNP complex recognizes pre-mRNA splicing sites in the early stages of spliceosome assembly and suppresses premature cleavage and polyadenylation. Its dysfunction may precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks. Here we evaluated the effects of a synthetic single-stranded cDNA (APT20TTMG) that interacts with U1 snRNP, in iPSC-derived neurons from a donor diagnosed with AD and in the SAMP8 mouse model.

Incorporating Singaporean habits and practices for cosmetics and personal care products into a global consumer aggregate exposure model.

Understanding consumer habits and practices of cosmetics and personal care products (PCP) is essential to generate realistic product exposure data for the safety assessment of ingredients such as fragrance materials. Product usages can vary across regions due to differences in cultural norms, seasonal and climate conditions, and the availability of different product forms, yet there is limited data published on cosmetics and PCP use outside of North America and Europe. This study reports the habits and practices of cosmetics and PCP (such as frequency and amount of use) in Singapore where participants (n = 494, aged 21-64 years) recorded their product usages and had their products weighed over a two-week period.

Validation of minimally invasive articular cartilage sparing technique for olecranon osteotomy.

Background: The authors present a cadaveric validation of a minimally invasive articular cartilage preserving olecranon osteotomy technique for use in the operative management of distal humeral fractures.

Methods: Twenty-four elbows in six male and six female formaldehyde embalmed cadavers were dissected. With the cadaver placed in a lateral decubitus position, a posterior sub-periosteal dissection was performed to the medial and lateral aspects of the olecranon at the level of the joint and Mini Hohmann retractors were inserted into each side of the ulnohumeral joint.

The Immediate Effect of a Single Treatment of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation with the StimaWELL 120MTRS System on Multifidus Stiffness in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background/objectives: Individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) have altered lumbar multifidus stiffness properties compared to healthy controls. Although neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) application to the multifidus might affect stiffness, this has never been investigated. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of a single NMES treatment on multifidus stiffness and pain intensity in CLBP patients.

An innovative approach to the multidisciplinary treatment of uninsured breast cancer patients.

Purpose: A significant proportion of many populations remain uninsured. The aim of the study was to assess differences in breast cancer outcomes before and after the implementation of an innovative approach to the multidisciplinary treatment of uninsured breast cancer patients.

Methods: Retrospective review was performed of patients seen at a safety net hospital from January 2000 to December 2020.

LC-MS/MS confirmation of 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8, Δ9, Δ1°) and hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) metabolites in authentic urine specimens.

Recently, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) isomers and other semi-synthetic cannabinoids have been introduced into the consumer market as alternatives to botanical cannabis. To assess the prevalence of these potential new analytical targets, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmation method was developed for the quantitation of seven cannabinoid metabolites and the qualitative identification of four others in urine. The validated method was applied to authentic urine specimens that screened positive by immunoassay (50 ng/mL cutoff; n=1300).

Characterizing Performance on a Suite of English-Language NeuroUX Mobile Cognitive Tests in a US Adult Sample: Ecological Momentary Cognitive Testing Study.

Background: Mobile cognitive testing is growing in popularity, with numerous advantages over traditional cognitive testing; however, the field lacks studies that deeply examine mobile cognitive test data from general adult samples.

Objective: This study characterized performance for a suite of 8 mobile cognitive tests from the NeuroUX platform in a sample of US adults across the adult lifespan.

Methods: Overall, 393 participants completed 8 NeuroUX cognitive tests and a brief ecological momentary assessment survey once per day on their smartphones for 10 consecutive days; each test was administered 5 times over the testing period.

Biomechanical differences of Asian knee osteoarthritis patients during standing and walking using statistical parametric mapping: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Biomechanics of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients have been extensively studied using motion capture systems, but less have explored standing knee joint angles with the walking parameters, particularly in Asians. We aim to determine gait biomechanical differences between healthy and KOA participants in an Asian population using One-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM1D) and explore if they are associated with standing joint angles.

Methods: A total of 20 KOA and 24 healthy stood upright and walked 10 m at self-selected speeds.

Cannabidiol Use Among Older Adults: Associations with Cannabis Use, Physical and Mental Health, and Other Substance Use.

Objectives: To examine older adults' cannabidiol (CBD) use and its associations with cannabis use and physical/mental health and other substance use problems.

Methods: Using the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( = 10,516 respondents age 50+), we fitted generalized linear models (GLM) with Poisson and log link using CBD as the dependent variable in the 50-64 and the 65+ age groups.

Results: In the 50-64 age group, 18.

Scale Selection and Machine Learning-based Cell Segmentation and Tracking in Time Lapse Microscopy.

Monitoring and tracking of cell motion is a key component for understanding disease mechanisms and evaluating the effects of treatments. Time-lapse optical microscopy has been commonly employed for studying cell cycle phases. However, usual manual cell tracking is very time consuming and has poor reproducibility.

Superior Approach to Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Injection: A Case Report.

The sacroiliac joint is a well-recognized source of chronic lower back pain. In interventional management, the inferior approach to intra-articular sacroiliac joint injection has been more extensively studied and commonly utilized in clinical practice. This case report presents the superior one-third approach as an alternative technique for treating sacroiliac joint pain in a patient, highlighting its potential efficacy and clinical relevance.

Impact of Remoteness of Residence and Socioeconomic Status on Outcomes Among Children With Heart Disease in Alberta.

Background: There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of remoteness of residence (RoR) and socioeconomic status (SES) on access to care and outcomes for children with congenital heart disease (CHD) or acquired heart disease (AHD) in a jurisdiction of universal health and centralized cardiac care.

Objectives: The primary objective was to examine whether RoR, SES, and their interaction impact access to health care and outcomes for children with heart disease in Alberta, Canada.

Methods: This was a population-based study of children with CHD or AHD born between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017, in Alberta, Canada.

Development and validation of a clinical prediction tool to estimate survival in community-dwelling adults living with dementia: a protocol.

Introduction: A clinical prediction tool to estimate life expectancy in community-dwelling individuals living with dementia could inform healthcare decision-making and prompt future planning. An existing Ontario-based tool for community-dwelling elderly individuals does not perform well in people living with dementia specifically. This study seeks to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool to estimate survival in community-dwelling individuals living with dementia receiving home care in Ontario, Canada.

Structuring chicken breast analogs via high moisture extrusion of dairy-plant proteins blends.

Chicken analogs were structured using binary blends of soy protein isolate (SPI) and wheat gluten (WG) or whey protein concentrate (WPC), as well as trinary blends of SPI-WG-WPC via high moisture extrusion. Chicken analogs with anisotropic structures were achieved (anisotropic index >1). Although adding WPC increased hardness, by varying the ratio of SPI to WG in the trinary blends, comparable texture profile properties as cooked chicken breast were achieved.

Identifying potential introduced and natural sources of pollution in Delaware watersheds.

Managing water quality with microbial impairment caused by poses unique challenges regarding the determination of fecal host origin. Most water monitoring is performed based on counts that neither detect the location of the introduction of pollution nor identify the type of contaminating . The use of sequenced-based microbial source tracking could allow for identification of fecal origin and potential remediation of pollution.

Rfam 15: RNA families database in 2025.

The Rfam database, a widely used repository of non-coding RNA families, has undergone significant updates in release 15.0. This paper introduces major improvements, including the expansion of Rfamseq to 26 106 genomes, a 76% increase, incorporating the latest UniProt reference proteomes and additional viral genomes.

Liberation from Respiratory Support in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To estimate the association between the mode of respiratory support administered at 36 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA) with time-to-liberation from respiratory support (LRS) in infants with grade 2/3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: Daily respiratory support data were abstracted for infants born <32 weeks' gestation with grade 2/3 BPD enrolled in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database between 2017 and 2022. The main exposure was the mode of respiratory support received at 36 weeks' PMA: high flow nasal cannula >2 L/min (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), or mechanical ventilation (MV).

Radiation Implication in Pediatric Second Primary Thyroid Malignancy (SPTM) Cumulative Incidence and Mortality in the United States: Large Cohort Evidence.

Objective: To assess racial and sex variances in second primary thyroid malignancy (SPTM) cumulative incidence and temporal trends and the radiation exposure effect in pediatric SPTM.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study, a non-experimental epidemiologic design, was used to assess the cumulative incidence (CmI) and temporal trends as well as the exposure effect of radiation in SPTM among children, 0-19 years, in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. Percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were used to examine CmI rates and temporal trends, while chi-square statistics and binomial regression models were used to examine variable distribution by race and to determine the exposure effect of radiation on SPTM as well as mortality, respectively.

Appropriateness Criteria for Radiation Therapy in the Setting of Presumed Early-Stage Lung Cancer.

Low-dose chest computed tomography imaging for lung cancer screening is revealing increasing numbers of radiographic early-stage lung cancers. This topic discussion describes when a clinical scenario merits radiation therapy without a histologic diagnosis, with an emphasis on pragmatic algorithms in settings without readily available advanced biopsy techniques.

Harmonizing data across the accelerating colorectal cancer screening and follow-up through implementation science (ACCSIS) program to enhance data quality and promote data sharing.

Background: The purpose of the Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening and Follow-up through Implementation Science (ACCSIS) Program, a Cancer Moonshot℠ Initiative, is to support research to build the evidence base on multilevel interventions that increase rates of colorectal cancer screening, follow-up, and referral to care to address disparities in colorectal cancer screening. The National Cancer Institute funded eight Research Projects to implement multilevel interventions to improve colorectal cancer screening among communities who traditionally have been medically underserved. To analyze the impact of ACCSIS across Research Projects, the consortium developed a set of common data elements.