Insights into the use of biomarkers in clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease.

Biomarkers have been instrumental in population selection and disease monitoring in clinical trials of recently FDA-approved drugs targeting amyloid-β to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As new therapeutic strategies and biomarker techniques emerge, the importance of biomarkers in drug development is growing exponentially. In this emerging landscape, biomarkers are expected to serve a wide range of contexts of use in clinical trials focusing on AD and related dementias.

Differential effects of lifetime stressors on major depressive disorder severity: a longitudinal community-based cohort study.

Background: Stressors across the lifespan are associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) and increased severity of depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear how lifetime stressors are related to specific MDD subtypes. The present study aims to examine the relationships between MDD subtypes and stressors experienced across the lifespan while considering potential confounders.

Predictors of Participation in a Perinatal Text Message Screening Protocol for Maternal Depression and Anxiety: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Universal screening for depression and anxiety in pregnancy has been recommended by several leading medical organizations, but the implementation of such screening protocols may overburden health care systems lacking relevant resources. Text message screening may provide a low-cost, accessible alternative to in-person screening assessments. However, it is critical to understand who is likely to participate in text message-based screening protocols before such approaches can be implemented at the population level.

Targeted Bmal1 restoration in muscle prolongs lifespan with systemic health effects in aging model.

Disruption of the circadian clock in skeletal muscle worsens local and systemic health, leading to decreased muscle strength, metabolic dysfunction, and aging-like phenotypes. Whole-body knockout mice that lack Bmal1, a key component of the molecular clock, display premature aging. Here, by using adeno-associated viruses, we rescued Bmal1 expression specifically in the skeletal muscle fibers of Bmal1-KO mice and found that this engaged the circadian clock and clock output gene expression, contributing to extended lifespan.

Douglas Pouch Fluid Improves the Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Uterosacral Ligaments Deep Infiltration Endometriosis: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) with laparoscopy in detecting and characterizing uterosacral ligament (USL) nodules of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) between patients with and without pouch of Douglas (POD) fluid.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted between June 2021 and July 2023. We included patients from the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen with two TVUS tests: no POD fluid on the first TVUS test and POD fluid on the second TVUS test.

Pandemic-related prenatal maternal stress, model of maternity care and postpartum mental health: The Australian BITTOC study.

Problem: Women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at risk of elevated postpartum mental health problems.

Background: Social support protects maternal mental health during a pandemic. It is possible that formal supports, such as continuity maternity models of care, may also support maternal wellbeing.

Facilitating home birth in perinatal palliative care: A case report.

Background: Perinatal palliative care can offer compassionate support to families following diagnosis of a life-limiting illness, to enable them to make valued choices and the most of the time that they have with their newborn. However, home birth is usually only offered in low-risk pregnancies.

Case: A couple who received an antenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and who had made a plan to provide palliative care to their baby after birth requested the option of a home birth.

Reasons Explaining High Emergency Department Use in Patients With Mental Illnesses: Different Staff Perspectives.

For patients with mental illnesses (MIs), emergency departments (EDs) are often the entry point into the healthcare system, or their only resort for quickly accessing mental health treatment. A better understanding of the various barriers justifying high ED use among patients with MIs may help recommend targeted interventions that better meet their needs. This explorative qualitative study aimed to identify such barriers and the solutions brought forth to reduce ED use based on the perspectives of clinicians and managers working in EDs, other hospital departments or the community sector.

Identifying key predictors for uterine manipulator use in robotic simple hysterectomy: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Robotic simple hysterectomy (RSH) is the most common robotic gynecologic surgery in the United States. Uterine manipulators are commonly used to handle the uterus during laparoscopic surgery, but few studies have examined their necessity in RSH. This study retrospectively compares RSH cases with and without the use of manipulators, and identifies predictors for their intraoperative use.

Safety and efficacy of the EndoRotor device for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis after EUS-guided cystenterostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Debridement of infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis is indicated to treat and prevent sepsis-related multiorgan failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the EndoRotor-powered endoscopic debridement system to remove solid debris under direct endoscopic visualization. Search strategies were developed for PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to June 2022, in accordance with Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided hepatogastrostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is one of the preferred methods in biliary drainage where ERCP fails or is contraindicated. The clinical outcomes of EUS-HGS are not well studied because of variability in procedure technique. We conducted a search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings from inception through January 2023.

Toddler disorganized attachment in relation to cortical thickness and socioemotional problems in late childhood.

Disorganized attachment is a risk for mental health problems, with increasing work focused on understanding biological mechanisms. Examining late childhood brain morphology may be informative - this stage coincides with the onset of many mental health problems. Past late childhood research reveals promising candidates, including frontal lobe cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.

Leveraging Multi-Sectoral Partnership for Colorectal Cancer Education and Screening in the African American Community: A Protocol and Preliminary Results.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) awareness and screening rates are still low in African Americans (AAs), especially for those who do not have regular access to health care. We established a multi-sector community partnership between academia, health system, cancer advocacy, and local county treasurer's office (CTO), to test a pilot CRC screening intervention using a tailored educational brochure and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Participants were recruited at a local CTO in an urban midwestern region.

Head and neck cancer incidence is rising but the sociodemographic profile is unchanging: a population epidemiological study (2001-2020).

Background: Increasing incidence of head and neck cancers (HNCs), driven by rising rates of oropharynx cancer (OPC), has been recorded around the world. This study examined trends in HNC and subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx cancers) in Scotland focusing on assessing whether the sociodemographic profile has changed over the past 20 years.

Methods: Scottish Cancer Registry data (2001-2020) including European Age Standardised Rates of HNC and subsites were analysed in multivariate Poisson regression by age, sex, area-based socioeconomic status, and year of diagnosis (with interaction tests).

Changes in the structure of spontaneous speech predict the disruption of hierarchical brain organization in first-episode psychosis.

Psychosis implicates changes across a broad range of cognitive functions. These functions are cortically organized in the form of a hierarchy ranging from primary sensorimotor (unimodal) to higher-order association cortices, which involve functions such as language (transmodal). Language has long been documented as undergoing structural changes in psychosis.

Joint-trajectories of clinical severity, social functioning and cannabis use in first-episode psychosis: A 5-year longitudinal study in 2 urban early intervention services.

Cannabis use is associated with increased psychosis incidence alongside worse outcomes. The role of cannabis may be complex, vary across patients and over time. Yet, few have examined the longer-term trajectories of cannabis use, symptoms and functioning and their inter-relationships.

Proteinuria and albuminuria among a global primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort of people with HIV.

Objectives: To determine baseline prevalence of proteinuria and albuminuria among participants from the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) and evaluate associated risk factors.

Design: Cross sectional analysis of a baseline sample of participants from the REPRIEVE Trial.

Methods: REPRIEVE is an international primary cardiovascular prevention randomized controlled trial (RCT) of pitavastatin calcium vs.

Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Resectable Gastric Cancer.

Background: In Western countries, the current standard of care for resectable gastric cancer is perioperative chemotherapy. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy has been considered, but data are limited regarding this treatment as compared with perioperative chemotherapy alone.

Methods: We conducted an international, phase 3 trial in which patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction were randomly assigned to receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy plus perioperative chemotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy alone (control).