Combined use of two frailty tools in predicting mortality in older adults.

We aimed to verify the combined use of two frailty tools in predicting mortality in older adults. We used the data of 10,276 Japanese older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) who provided valid responses to two frailty assessment tools in a mail survey in Japan's Kyoto‒Kameoka Prospective cohort study. Frailty status was categorized into four groups depending on the validated frailty screening index and Kihon Checklist, respectively: Non-frailty (n = 5960), Physical frailty (n = 223), Comprehensive frailty (n = 2211), and Combination (n = 1882) groups.

Omeprazole Suppresses Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in a Rodent Model and Clinical Database.

(1) Background: Oxaliplatin is used as first-line chemotherapy not only for colorectal cancer but also for gastric and pancreatic cancers. However, it induces peripheral neuropathy with high frequency as an adverse event, and there is no effective preventive or therapeutic method. (2) Methods: The effects of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) was investigated using an in vivo model and a real-world database.

Machine learning-based muscle mass estimation using gait parameters in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Loss of skeletal muscle mass is associated with numerous factors such as metabolic diseases, lack of independence, and mortality in older adults. Therefore, developing simple, safe, and reliable tools for assessing skeletal muscle mass is needed. Some studies recently reported that the risks of the incidence of geriatric conditions could be estimated by analyzing older adults' gait; however, no studies have assessed the association between gait parameters and skeletal muscle loss in older adults.

Iridium-catalyzed α-selective deuteration of alcohols.

The development of chemoselective C(sp)-H deuteration is of particular interest in synthetic chemistry. We herein report the α-selective, iridium(iii)-bipyridonate-catalyzed hydrogen(H)/deuterium(D) isotope exchange of alcohols using deuterium oxide (DO) as the primary deuterium source. This method enables the direct, chemoselective deuteration of primary and secondary alcohols under basic or neutral conditions without being affected by coordinative functional groups such as imidazole and tetrazole.

The a subunit isoforms of vacuolar-type proton ATPase exhibit differential distribution in mouse perigastrulation embryos.

Vacuolar-type H-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multi-subunit complexes that play critical roles in the acidification of a variety of intracellular or extracellular compartments. Mammalian cells contain four isoforms of the membrane integral subunit a (a1-a4); these isoforms contain the information necessary to target the enzyme to different cellular destinations. They are also involved in regulating the efficiency of ATP hydrolysis and proton transport.

Effects of ceramide kinase knockout on lipopolysaccharide-treated sepsis-model mice: Changes in serum cytokine/chemokine levels and increased lethality.

Ceramide, a central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, is phosphorylated to ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) by ceramide kinase (CerK). The CerK/C1P pathway regulates many cellular functions, but its roles in immune/inflammation-related (IIR) diseases in vivo are not well known. Sepsis is an acute systemic inflammatory disease accompanied by damage/dysfunction in multiple organs.

PARP14 regulates EP4 receptor expression in human colon cancer HCA-7 cells.

E type prostanoid 4 (EP4) receptors and their signaling pathways have been implicated in the development and malignant transformation of colorectal cancer. We herein demonstrated that the mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 and HDAC2 by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) may be required to induce the expression of EP4 receptors. The suppression of PARP14 activity by siRNA and/or its inhibitors reduced the mRNA expression of EP4 receptors.

Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Mediates Rab5 Inactivation after DNA Damage.

Parthanatos is programmed cell death mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) after DNA damage. PARP1 acts by catalyzing the transfer of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers to various nuclear proteins. PAR is subsequently cleaved, generating protein-free PAR polymers, which are translocated to the cytoplasm where they associate with cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins, altering their functions and leading to cell death.

Screening and quantification of undeclared PGF analogs in eyelash-enhancing cosmetic serums using LC-MS/MS.

In recent years, cosmetics deemed equivalent to pharmaceutical products containing prostaglandin F (PGF) analogs have been distributed overseas in the form of eyelash serums that can be purchased via the internet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence or absence of PGF analogs in eyelash serums procured in Japan via the internet to elucidate the actual composition. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurement system was developed for the determination of 14 PGF analogs in cosmetic serums.

Needs assessment of caregivers of children with disabilities in resource-limited settings.

This study aimed to identify and classify the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities living in resource-limited settings and develop a framework for need assessment. This study was conducted in the Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, with 15 caregivers caring for children with disabilities recruited from hospitals, the Association for the Disabled, and primary health centers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in local dialects, recorded, transcribed, converted into standard Thai, and then into English for thematic analysis.

Change in the association between coffee intake and ischemic heart disease in an international ecological study from 1990 to 2018.

In previous observational studies, the association between coffee intake and risk of cardiovascular disease has reversed from positive to negative over time. This long-term international ecological study examined whether the association between coffee intake and mortality and incidence rates of ischemic heart disease (IHD) changed between 1990 and 2018 using multiple coherent data. We obtained data on coffee intake per capita, IHD mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population, and socioeconomic and lifestyle indicators for each country from various publicly available databases.

Evaluation of Durvalumab-induced Lung Toxicity Using a Spontaneous Reporting Database.

Background/aim: Durvalumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death ligand 1. It is classified as an immune checkpoint inhibitor and has shown high efficacy as maintenance therapy after chemoradiation for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer and as the primary treatment for small-cell carcinoma. Interstitial lung disease is the most common adverse event leading to durvalumab discontinuation.

Evaluation of a Webinar for Pharmacists Learning Basic Clinical-Oncology during COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.

It is essential for oncology pharmacists to update their knowledge, skills, and ethical attitudes. The Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Oncology is an academic society for healthcare professionals involved in cancer treatment. It has conducted in-person seminars every year to cultivate the knowledge necessary for practicing advanced cancer medicine.

Validation of the Kihon Checklist and the frailty screening index for frailty defined by the phenotype model in older Japanese adults.

Background: The term "frailty" might appear simple, but the methods used to assess it differ among studies. Consequently, there is inconsistency in the classification of frailty and predictive capacity depending on the frailty assessment method utilised. We aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy of several screening tools for frailty defined by the phenotype model in older Japanese adults.

HER2 G776S mutation promotes oncogenic potential in colorectal cancer cells when accompanied by loss of APC function.

Clinical cancer genome sequencing detects oncogenic variants that are potential targets for cancer treatment, but it also detects variants of unknown significance. These variants may interact with each other to influence tumor pathophysiology, however, such interactions have not been fully elucidated. Additionally, the effect of target therapy for those variants also unclarified.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Directly Regulates VTCN1 Gene Expression in MCF-7 Cells.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Recent studies have suggested that AhR is involved in cancer immunity. In the present study, we examined whether AhR regulates the expression of immune checkpoint genes in breast cancer cells.

Non-neuronal Cholinergic Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Regulation of Immune Function.

Immune cells such as T and B cells, monocytes and macrophages all express most of the cholinergic components of the nervous system, including acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), high affinity choline transporter, muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs, respectively), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Because of its efficient cleavage by AChE, ACh synthesized and released from immune cells acts only locally in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion at mAChRs and nAChRs on themselves and other immune cells located in close proximity, leading to modification of immune function. Immune cells generally express all five mAChR subtypes (M-M) and neuron type nAChR subunits α2-α7, α9, α10, β2-β4.

Evaluation of Lung Toxicity Related to the Treatment With Alectinib Using a Pharmacovigilance Database.

Background/aim: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor alectinib is recommended as a first-line treatment for ALK lung cancer. Interstitial lung disease is the most common adverse event leading to discontinuation of alectinib. The purpose of this study was to use the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database for the evaluation of incidence trends and timing of alectinib toxicity in the lungs.

Dose-Response Relationship Between Life-Space Mobility and Mortality in Older Japanese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Some epidemiological studies of older American adults have reported a relationship between life-space mobility (LSM) and mortality. However, these studies did not show a dose-response relationship and did not include individuals from other countries. Therefore, we evaluated the dose-response relationship between LSM and mortality in older adults.

The lysosomal V-ATPase a3 subunit is involved in localization of Mon1-Ccz1, the GEF for Rab7, to secretory lysosomes in osteoclasts.

We have shown previously that the lysosomal a3 isoform of the a subunit of vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) interacts with inactive (GDP-bound form) Rab7, a small GTPase that regulates late endosome/lysosome trafficking, and that a3 recruits Rab7 to secretory lysosomes in mouse osteoclasts. This is essential for outward trafficking of secretory lysosomes and thus for bone resorption. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the recruitment of Rab7 by a3 remains to be fully elucidated.

Age- and sex-related differences of muscle cross-sectional area in iliocapsularis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to determine in how many individuals the iliocapsularis muscle (IC) could be identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whether age and sex are associated with the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the IC.

Methods: Thirty-seven healthy younger adults and 40 healthy older adults were assigned to four groups: 1) 20 younger men; 2) 17 younger women; 3) 20 older men; and 4) 20 older women. The CSAs of the IC, IP, the rectus femoris (RF) and the quadriceps (QUAD) were quantified on an axial MRI.

Evaluation of musculoskeletal workload of manual operating tasks using a hydraulic jack based on ergonomic postural analysis and electromyography: A case study of non-professional young male users.

Background: Manual operations of the hydraulic jack device can become ergonomic stressors for the musculoskeletal system because of the required operational forces, muscle activities, or working postures. However, the usability of the hydraulic jack has not been fully explored for non-professional personnel.

Objectives: To evaluate the musculoskeletal loads during manual operations of a hydraulic jack based on the ergonomic postural analysis and electromyographyMETHODS:Nine men operated the lever of a hydraulic jack with three positions: parallel to and near (P-N), parallel to and far from (P-F), and orthogonal to the jack lever (O).