Methylglyoxal compromises callus mineralization and impairs fracture healing through suppression of osteoblast terminal differentiation.

Impaired fracture healing in diabetic patients leads to prolonged morbidity and increased healthcare costs. Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive metabolite elevated in diabetes, is implicated in various complications, but its direct impact on bone healing remains unclear. Here, using a non-diabetic murine tibial fracture model, we demonstrate that MG directly impairs fracture healing.

Predictors of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis postcorneal transplantation.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) corneal endotheliitis following corneal transplantation.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 1225 corneal transplants for bullous keratopathy between 2011 and 2021. 31 cases who were administered the treatment of CMV corneal endotheliitis preoperatively were excluded, and 1194 cases were analysed for risk factors for the development of CMV corneal endotheliitis following corneal transplantation.

Data-Efficient Bone Segmentation Using Feature Pyramid- Based SegFormer.

The semantic segmentation of bone structures demands pixel-level classification accuracy to create reliable bone models for diagnosis. While Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are commonly used for segmentation, they often struggle with complex shapes due to their focus on texture features and limited ability to incorporate positional information. As orthopedic surgery increasingly requires precise automatic diagnosis, we explored SegFormer, an enhanced Vision Transformer model that better handles spatial awareness in segmentation tasks.

Sex-Dependent Variations in Gene Expression in Corneal Endothelial Cells Among Healthy Individuals and Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.

Purpose: Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) displays a higher incidence in females than in males, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate sex-dependent differential gene expressions in corneal endothelial cells (CECs) from healthy non-FECD individuals and from patients with FECD.

Methods: RNA-Seq data from CECs of non-FECD subjects (3 males, 4 females) and FECD subjects (5 males, 5 females) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sexes.

Downregulation of the SREBP pathways and disruption of redox status by 25-hydroxycholesterol predispose cells to ferroptosis.

Enzymatically formed side-chain oxysterols function as signaling molecules regulating cholesterol homeostasis and act as intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids. In addition to these physiological functions, an imbalance in oxysterol homeostasis has been implicated in pathophysiology. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its product 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), also formed by autoxidation, are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Attention-Based PSO-LSTM for Emotion Estimation Using EEG.

Recent advances in emotion recognition through Artificial Intelligence (AI) have demonstrated potential applications in various fields (e.g., healthcare, advertising, and driving technology), with electroencephalogram (EEG)-based approaches demonstrating superior accuracy compared to facial or vocal methods due to their resistance to intentional manipulation.

End-divergent architecture diversifies within-muscle mechanical action in human gluteus maximus in vivo.

A muscle's mechanical action is affected by its architecture. However, less is known about the architecture of muscles with broad attachments: "end-divergent" muscles. Potential regional variation of fascicle orientation in end-divergent muscles suggests that their mechanical action varies by region.

Novel Injectable Collagen/Glycerol/Pullulan Gel Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Repair of Rat Cranial Defects.

Bone tissue engineering is a technique that simulates the bone tissue microenvironment by utilizing cells, tissue scaffolds, and growth factors. The collagen hydrogel is a three-dimensional network bionic material that has properties and structures comparable to those of the extracellular matrix (ECM), making it an ideal scaffold and drug delivery system for tissue engineering. The clinical applications of this material are restricted due to its low mechanical strength.

Corticospinal excitability is not facilitated by observation of asymmetric walking on a split-belt treadmill in humans.

The present study aimed to investigate changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) by observing unnatural walking patterns on a treadmill with different left and right belt speeds. Fifteen healthy adults watched video clips (10 s each) of walking under the tied condition (left and right treadmill belt speeds are the same), walking during the initial and late periods under the split-belt condition (left and right treadmill belt speeds are different), and the static fixation cross (control condition) in random order. The step lengths of the actor in the walking clips were almost symmetric under the tied condition and during the late period under the split-belt condition but largely asymmetric during the initial period under the split-belt condition.

Distinct release properties of glutamate/GABA co-transmission serve as a frequency-dependent filtering of supramammillary inputs.

Glutamate and GABA co-transmitting neurons exist in several brain regions; however, the mechanism by which these two neurotransmitters are co-released from the same synaptic terminals remains unclear. Here, we show that the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) to dentate granule cell synapses, which co-release glutamate and GABA, exhibit differences between glutamate and GABA release properties in paired-pulse ratio, Ca-sensitivity, presynaptic receptor modulation, and Ca channel-vesicle coupling configuration. Moreover, uniquantal synaptic responses show independent glutamatergic and GABAergic responses.

Quantile outcome adaptive lasso: Covariate selection for inverse probability weighting estimator of quantile treatment effects.

When using the propensity score method to estimate the treatment effects, it is important to select the covariates to be included in the propensity score model. The inclusion of covariates unrelated to the outcome in the propensity score model led to bias and large variance in the estimator of treatment effects. Many data-driven covariate selection methods have been proposed for selecting covariates related to outcomes.

Assessing Corneal Tomographic Changes in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy Over 1 year: Scheimpflug Versus Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the capacity of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug camera in detecting tomographic changes over 1 year in a cohort of patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective study which consisted of 2 identical visits spaced 1 year apart. At each visit, tomographic analyses were performed using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus) and swept source AS-OCT (Casia SS-1000 Tomey).

Detoxification of hydrogen sulfide by synthetic heme model compounds.

Hydrogen sulfide is a lethal toxic gas that disrupts cellular respiration in the mitochondrial system. Currently, no antidote is available for the clinical treatment of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. In this study, we investigated the function of iron(III)porphyrin complexes as hydrogen sulfide scavengers in water and evaluated their potential use as therapeutic agents for hydrogen sulfide poisoning.

Red-light Emitting Orthogonally Trireactive Gold Nanoclusters for the Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Nanomaterials.

For the development of highly multifunctionalized nanomaterials, the introduction of functional molecules on gold nanoclusters containing thiols preinstalled with connecting groupsconstitutes a promising approach. However, the uniform introduction of multiple connecting groups while avoiding side reactions is a challenging task. Herein, the synthesis of gold nanoclusters (ca.

Evaluation of the persistence of Epichloë endophyte and its possible effect on fungal assemblages in dead leaf sheaths.

The systemic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë inhabit the aerial part of host grasses. Recent studies have reported that Epichloë affects the non-systemic endophytic assemblages in live leaves, but few studies that have demonstrated the occurrence of Epichloë and its effect on fungal assemblages in dead leaves. We proposed a hypothesis that Epichloë decreases from live to dead leaves but affects the non-systemic endophytic assemblages also in dead leaves.

Corrigendum: Somatic symptoms: association among affective state, subjective body perception, and spiritual belief in Japan and Indonesia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.

CaMKII-dependent non-canonical RIG-I pathway promotes influenza virus propagation in the acute-phase of infection.

Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is one of hundreds of host-cell factors involved in the propagation of type A influenza virus (IAV), although its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we identified CaMKII inhibitory peptide M3 by targeting its kinase domain using affinity-based screening of a tailored random peptide library. M3 inhibited IAV cytopathicity and propagation in cells by specifically inhibiting the acute-phase activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), which is uniquely regulated by CaMKII.

Relative age effect on the physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background: Few studies have shown that relatively younger children and adolescents (those born later in the same school year) were less likely to engage in physical activity in a phenomenon termed the relative age effect. Although these studies mainly targeted elementary and middle school students, no study has reported on the relative age effect on physical activity in ordinary high school students. Moreover, the relative age effect on sedentary behavior might show an opposite association with physical activity.

Characteristics and Transition of Sleep-Wake Rhythm in Nursery School Children: The Importance of Nocturnal Sleep.

In this study, we investigated the sleep-wake rhythm of nursery school children with the aim of supporting their health and mental/physical development. We analyzed 4881 children from infancy to 6 years of age, using 2 week sleep tables recorded by their guardians. The tables contained night bedtimes, wake times, nighttime/daytime sleep duration, and the differences in these between weekdays and weekends.

Survival causal rule ensemble method considering the main effect for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects.

With an increasing focus on precision medicine in medical research, numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to clarify the relationship between treatment effects and patient characteristics. The treatment effects for patients with different characteristics are always heterogeneous, and therefore, various heterogeneous treatment effect machine learning estimation methods have been proposed owing to their flexibility and high estimation accuracy. However, most machine learning methods rely on black-box models, preventing direct interpretation of the relationship between patient characteristics and treatment effects.