Polyphenol mixtures of Euphorbia supina the inhibit invasion and metastasis of highly metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.

The Korean prostrate spurge Euphorbia supina is abundant in polyphenols and has been used as a folk medicine in Korea against a variety of diseases. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenol mixtures of Korean Euphorbia supina (PES) on the invasion and metastasis of highly metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Firstly, PES showed no cytotoxicity on cancer cells and endothelial cells (ECs) at the doses of 0.

Anthocyanins From the Fruit of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Potentiate the Cisplatin Activity by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.

Background: Cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of many cancers. However, initial resistance to CDDP is a serious problem in treating these cancers. Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (Meoru in Korea) have shown anti-nuclear factor kappa B and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor activities in cancer cells.

Synthesized tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid exerts anticancer effects at least in part by suppressing NF-κB-regulated proteins in A549 human lung cancer cells.

CKD-712, a newly synthesized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) and an enantiomer (S form) of YS 49 (a derivative of higenamine) has been reported to suppress nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in normal cells. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of THI at a low concentration where CKD-712 did not induce cell death in normal cells. At the range of concentrations used, CKD-712 induced cell growth arrest, and inhibited the invasion and motility of A549 cells as determined by cell cycle analysis, a Matrigel-coated chamber assay, and a wound-healing assay, respectively.

Citrus aurantium L. exhibits apoptotic effects on U937 human leukemia cells partly through inhibition of Akt.

Citrus fruits have been used as edible fruits and a traditional medicine since ancient times. In particular, the peels of immature citrus fruits are frequently prescribed in concert with other support herbs for many types of disease including cancer. We investigated the anti-proliferative activity of the peels of Citrus aurantium L.

Widdrol activates DNA damage checkpoint through the signaling Chk2-p53-Cdc25A-p21-MCM4 pathway in HT29 cells.

Widdrol is an odorant compound isolated from Juniperus chinensis. We previously reported that widdrol induces Gap 1 (G1) phase cell cycle arrest and leads to apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. It was also reported that this cell cycle arrest is associated with the induction of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), p53 phosphorylation and cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 expression.

Tetraarsenic Hexoxide Induces Beclin-1-Induced Autophagic Cell Death as well as Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemic Cells.

Tetraarsenic hexaoxide (As(4)O(6)) has been used in Korean folk remedy for the treatment of cancer since the late 1980s, and arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is currently used as a chemotherapeutic agent. However, evidence suggests that As(4)O(6)-induced cell death pathway was different from that of As(2)O(3). Besides, the anticancer effects and mechanisms of As(4)O(6) are not fully understood.

Apoptosis induction by glycoprotein isolated from Laminaria japonica is associated with down-regulation of telomerase activity and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in AGS human gastric cancer cells.

Glycoprotein isolated from Laminaria japonica (LJGP) is known to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells; however, the mechanisms of its cytoxicity are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated further possible mechanisms by which LJGP exerts its anti-cancer action in cultured human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. LJGP treatment of AGS cells resulted in inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as determined by MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis.

Naringenin up-regulates the expression of death receptor 5 and enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells.

Scope: While TRAIL is relatively non-toxic to normal cells, it can selectively induce apoptosis in many types of transformed cells. Nevertheless, some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are particularly resistant to the effects of TRAIL. Here, we report that in combination with naringenin exposure to TRAIL induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant NSCLC A549 cells with no detectable inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of normal lung fibroblast cells.

The ethyl alcohol extract of Hizikia fusiforme inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and regulates tight junction related protein expression in Hep3B human hepatocarcinoma cells.

We tested the correlation between the tightness of tight junctions (TJs) and the anti-invasive activity of the ethyl alcohol extract of Hizikia fusiforme (EHF) in Hep3B human hepatocarcinoma cells. EHF inhibited cell proliferation, motility, and invasiveness, which were associated with increased TJ tightness, as demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance. EHF dose-dependently decreased the secretion of matrix metalloprotease-2 and -9, which correlated with a decrease in mRNA and protein expression, but increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 mRNA levels.

Induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells by anthocyanins through suppression of Akt and activation of p38-MAPK.

Anthocyanins belong to a class of flavonoids that exhibit important anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as chemotherapeutic effects. However, little is known concerning the molecular mechanisms by which these activities are exerted. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanins isolated from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat for their potential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on human colon cancer HCT-116 cells.

Anti-invasive activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors via the induction of Egr-1 and the modulation of tight junction-related proteins in human hepatocarcinoma cells.

The potential anti-metastasis and anti-invasion activities of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and claudin-3, a tight junction (TJ)-related protein, were evaluated using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results of wound healing and Transwell assays showed that HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate inhibited cell migration and invasion. HDAC inhibitors markedly induced Egr-1 expression during the early period, after which expression levels decreased.

Genistein sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by enhancing Bid cleavage.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, and it has been shown that many human cancer cell lines are refractory to TRAIL-induced cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are unclear. In this study, we show that TRAIL resistance is reversed in human hepatoma cells by genistein, an isoflavone found in soy products.

Genistein enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells.

The cytotoxic effect of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is limited in some carcinoma cancer cells. However, it was found that treatment with TRAIL in combination with nontoxic concentrations of genistein sensitized TRAIL-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Combined treatment with genistein and TRAIL-induced chromatin condensation and sub-G1 phase DNA content.

Induction of apoptosis by aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris through activation of caspases and inactivation of Akt in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells.

Cordyceps militaris is well known as a traditional medicinal mushroom and has been shown to exhibit immunostimulatory and anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis induced by an aqueous extract of C. militaris (AECM) via the activation of caspases and altered mitochondrial membrane permeability in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.

Naringenin-induced apoptosis is attenuated by Bcl-2 but restored by the small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA 14-1, in human leukemia U937 cells.

Naringenin, a naturally occurring citrus flavonone, has shown cytotoxicity in various human cancer cell lines as well as inhibitory effects on tumor growth and there is increasing interest in its therapeutic applications. In this study, the effect of ectopic Bcl-2 expression on naringenin-induced apoptosis was investigated. We found that Bcl-2 overexpression markedly protected human leukemia U937 cells from time- and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by naringenin, as did caspase-3 and caspase-9 inhibitors.

Streptochlorin isolated from Streptomyces sp. Induces apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

Streptochlorin is a small molecule isolated from marine Streptomyces sp. that is known to have antiangiogenic and anticancer properties. In this study, we examined the effects of this compound on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic tumor cell death, using a human hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cell line.

Induction of apoptosis by streptochlorin isolated from Streptomyces sp. in human leukemic U937 cells.

Streptochlorin is a small molecule that produced by marine Streptomyces sp. that is known to have anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer properties. However, the mechanism by which streptochlorin functions is not well understood.

Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells via Bcl-2 downregulation and caspase-3 activation.

Background: Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis, which induces apoptosis in human cancer cells, but the underlying action mechanisms are not completely understood. We investigated the mechanisms of sanguinarine on the induction of apoptosis using U937 leukemia cells.

Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay.

WITHDRAWN: 'Genistein reduced the invasive activity of human breast carcinoma cells as a result of decreased tight junction permeability and modulation of tight junction proteins'.

This article has been withdrawn consistent with Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Induction of Egr-1 is associated with anti-metastatic and anti-invasive ability of beta-lapachone in human hepatocarcinoma cells.

beta-lapachone, a quinone compound obtained from the bark of the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae), was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated novel functions of beta-lapachone in terms of anti-metastasis and anti-invasion abilities using human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B. beta-lapachone dose-dependently inhibited cell viability and migration of both HepG2 and Hep3B cells, as determined by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay and wound healing assay.

Induction of apoptosis by sanguinarine in C6 rat glioblastoma cells is associated with the modulation of the Bcl-2 family and activation of caspases through downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt.

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that is derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other poppy fumaria species, and is known to have antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the possible mechanisms through which sanguinarine exerts its antiproliferative action in cultured C6 rat glioblastoma cells. The exposure of C6 cells to sanguinarine resulted in growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by the MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis and annexin-V-based assay.

Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in human leukemia cells.

Previous studies have demonstrated that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a well-known DNA alkylating agent, induces G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death in several human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MNNG on the growth of a U937 human leukemia cell model. The effects of this compound were also tested on cyclooxygenase (COX) activity.