[Who Guideline for Non-Surgical Management of Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults in Primary and Community Care Settings].

Background: Low back pain is a very common condition that affects most people at some point in their lives. It represents a burden on those affected, reducing their ability to participate in activities of normal life; at the same time, dealing with it increases the economic costs of healthcare.

Aim:  The aim of this guideline was to contribute to WHO activities for reducing the impact of low back pain in adults and to support the WHO approach to integrated care for older people in primary care.

Compound-specific stable isotope analyses of fatty acids indicate feeding zones of zooplankton across the water column of a subalpine lake.

Spatial and temporal zooplankton feeding dynamics across the water column of lakes are key for understanding site-specific acquisition of diet sources. During this 6-week lake study, we examined stable carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) isotopes and conducted compound-specific fatty acid (FA) stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of edible seston in the epi-, meta-, and hypolimnion, and zooplankton of Lake Lunz, Austria. We predicted that CSIA of essential FA can discern the foraging grounds of zooplankton more accurately than the commonly used bulk stable isotopes.

[WHO Guideline for Screening and Treatment of Cervical Pre-Cancerous Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention (Second Edition)].

Background: Cervical cancer is a major health concern worldwide. Cancer screenings for secondary prevention aim at reducing morbidity and mortality among women. Objective The guideline provides both an updated and an extended overview for the prevention of cervical cancer by screening and therapy.

Chytrids alleviate the harmful effect of heat and cyanobacteria diet on via PUFA-upgrading.

Chytrid fungal parasites increase herbivory and dietary access to essential molecules, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), at the phytoplankton-zooplankton interface. Warming enhances cyanobacteria blooms and decreases algae-derived PUFA for zooplankton. Whether chytrids could support zooplankton with PUFA under global warming scenarios remains unknown.

Response of stable isotopes (δH, δC, δN, δO) of lake water, dissolved organic matter, seston, and zooplankton to an extreme precipitation event.

Lake ecosystems process and cycle organic substrates, thus serving as important bioreactors in the global carbon cycle. Climate change is predicted to increase extreme weather and precipitation events that can flush nutrients and organic matter from soils to streams and lakes. Here we report changes in stable isotopes (δH, δC, δN, or δO) of water, dissolved organic matter (DOM), seston, and zooplankton in a subalpine lake at short time resolution following an extreme precipitation event between early July to mid-August 2021.

Chytrids enhance fitness by selectively retained chytrid-synthesised stearidonic acid and conversion of short-chain to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Chytrid fungal parasites convert dietary energy and essential dietary molecules, such as long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), from inedible algal/cyanobacteria hosts into edible zoospores. How the improved biochemical PUFA composition of chytrid-infected diet may extend to zooplankton, linking diet quality to consumer fitness, remains unexplored.Here, we assessed the trophic role of chytrids in supporting dietary energy and PUFA requirements of the crustacean zooplankton , when feeding on the filamentous cyanobacterium .

Reproducible measurements of the δH composition of non-exchangeable hydrogen in complex organic materials using the UniPrep2 online static vapour equilibration and sample drying system.

Non-exchangeable hydrogen-isotope ( H) measurements of complex organic samples are used in forensics to determine sample authenticity, traceability, and provenance. However, H assays of organics are usually complicated by uncontrolled "exchangeable hydrogen" and residual moisture contamination; hence, H assays are persistently incomparable amongst laboratories. We introduce a revised technical solution (UniPrep2) to control hydrogen-isotope exchange and for robust online sample drying and vapour equilibration.

[Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Guidelines on Antiviral Prophylaxis in Pregnancy].

Background: Most HBV-associated deaths among adults are secondary to infections acquired at birth or in the first five years of life.

Aim: To extend the guideline for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the hepatitis B virus to include antiviral prophylaxis.

Methods: The guideline was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in accordance with WHO standards.

Assessment of Compound-Specific Fatty Acid δC and δH Values to Track Fish Mobility in a Small Sub-alpine Catchment.

Methods for identifying origin, movement, and foraging areas of animals are essential for understanding ecosystem connectivity, nutrient flows, and other ecological processes. Telemetric methods can provide detailed spatial coverage but are limited to a minimum body size of specimen for tagging. In recent years, stable isotopes have been increasingly used to track animal migration by linking landscape isotope patterns into movement (isoscapes).

Correction to: Physical home learning environments for digitally‑supported learning in academic continuing education during COVID‑19 pandemic.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10984-022-09406-0.].

How and why party position estimates from manifestos, expert, and party elite surveys diverge: A comparative analysis of the 'left-right' and the 'European integration' dimensions.

This paper examines the validity of three approaches to estimate party positions on the general left-right and EU dimensions. We newly introduce party elite data from the comprehensive IntUne survey and cross-validate it with existing expert survey and manifesto data. The general left-right estimates generated by elites and experts show a higher congruence than those derived from party manifestos; neither measure clearly materializes as more valid regarding EU positions.

Physical home learning environments for digitally-supported learning in academic continuing education during COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, digital technologies for distance learning have been used in educational institutions worldwide, raising issues about social implications, technological development, and teaching and learning strategies. While disparities regarding access to technical equipment and the internet ('the digital divide') have been the subject of previous research, the physical learning environment of learners participating in online learning activities has hardly been investigated. In this study, the physical-spatial conditions of learning environments, including technical equipment for distance learning activities and their influence on adult learners in academic continuing education during initial COVID-19 restrictions, were examined.

Empfehlungen der AG Klinische Geweberegeneration zur Behandlung von Knorpelschäden am Kniegelenk.

The Working Group of the German Orthopedic and Trauma Society (DGOU) on Tissue Regeneration has published recommendations on the indication of different surgical approaches for treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects in the knee joint in 2004, 2013 and 2016. Based upon new scientific knowledge and new developments, this recommendation is an update based upon the best clinical evidence available. In addition to prospective randomised controlled clinical trials, this also includes studies with a lower level of evidence.

[German-language translation of the PANELVIEW instrument to evaluate the guideline development process from the perspective of the guideline group].

Introduction: The development process for clinical guidelines is influenced by factors that are relevant to the validity of a guideline but often are not captured sufficiently in the final guideline documents. PANELVIEW is an English-language tool that can be used to explore the guideline development process from the perspective of guideline group members. Our aim was to translate the PANELVIEW tool into German, taking into account national contexts and linguistic differences.

[Working in the provision of psychosocial care to children, adolescents and families during the Covid-19 pandemic-results of a qualitative interview-study in Vienna and Lower Austria].

The requirements of "social distancing" during the Corona pandemic raised challenges for the implementation of psychosocial care services for children, adolescents, and families, which are traditionally reliant on face-to-face contact. Between March and October 2020, this qualitative study investigated the impact of the pandemic on the provision of psychosocial care at three points in time. We examined how staff and managers of psychosocial institutions experienced their work under the changing circumstances and what opportunities as well as risks they perceived for their work with clients.

[Autologous chondrocyte transplantation with bone augmentation for the treatment of osteochodral defects of the knee : Treatment of osteochondral defects of the femoral condyles using autologous cancellous bone from the iliac crest combined with matrix-guided autologous chondrocyte transplantation].

Objective: Open treatment of osteochondral defects of the knee to fully restore the bony defect and the articular surface.

Indications: Focal, symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the knee with a depth of ≥ 5 mm and a surface of ≥ 1.5 cm.

[Make nursing practice visible through nursing science in times of COVID-19].

Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nursing practice is facing enormous challenges. Nevertheless, nursing science was hardly actively represented as a mouthpiece for the practice in the public discussions on the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the question arises which projects with a focus on nursing and COVID-19 have been carried out at Austrian universities.

[WHO Guideline: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Sleep for Children under 5 Years of Age].

Background: Early childhood is a time during which a child's habits are formed and family lifestyle habits are open to changes and adaptations.

Objective: This guideline provides recommendations on the amount of time during the 24 hours of a day that young children, under 5 years of age, should spend being physically active or sleeping for their health and wellbeing.

Method: The guideline was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in accordance with WHO standards.

Omega-3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences - implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions.

In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow of elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, within and among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining the value of specific dietary nutrients, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), among which the omega-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a central role as essential components of neuronal cell membranes in many organisms. This review focuses on a new neuro-ecological approach stemming from the biochemical (mechanistic) and physiological (functional) role of DHA in neuronal cell membranes, in particular in conjunction with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To support the WHO with their recommendations on quarantine, we conducted a rapid review on the effectiveness of quarantine during severe coronavirus outbreaks.

Objectives: To assess the effects of quarantine (alone or in combination with other measures) of individuals who had contact with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, who travelled from countries with a declared outbreak, or who live in regions with high disease transmission.

[Evidence-based public health: perspectives and specific implementation factors].

An evidence-based approach is considered a central requirement in the public health system. Five general principles apply in evidence-based medicine as well as in evidence-based public health (EBPH). These comprise a systematic approach, transparency in relation to uncertainty, integration and participation, management of conflicts of interest, and a structured, reflective process.

[Possibilities and limits of conservative treatment for osteoarthritis : Sport advice, training therapy, orthotics and cartilage therapeutics].

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA)-the progressive degeneration of synovial joints-is a worldwide problem that affects society, is associated with age and is the dominant reason for pain and immobility of the locomotor system. In the population, 70% of people over the age of 70 show some signs of OA. Overall, up to 25% of the total population is affected, due to the general aging of the population itself, and this is an increasing tendency.