800 results match your criteria: "Dizziness Vertigo and Imbalance"

Vertebrobasilar ischaemia happens for a myriad of reasons. Among the rarest is the existence of a foramen arcuale (FA). This condition results from the ossification of the lateral edge of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane, closing, completely or partially, the top of this groove, turning it into a foramen or a channel.

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The impact of breast implants on the immune system has been debated since their introduction in the 1960s, linking silicone to systemic autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown that silicone gel can migrate from the implant capsule, triggering immune responses by proliferating immune cells and releasing cytokines, affecting T-cell function. Silicone particles can induce the release of IL-1β and activate the NALP3 inflammasome and B cells, causing an imbalance in regulatory T cells, responder T cells, and Th17 cells.

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Article Synopsis
  • The paper presents a case study of a 56-year-old man with a small cavernous hemangioma, initially considered for surgery due to vestibular symptoms.
  • A multidisciplinary approach revealed that the patient's symptoms were primarily due to peripheral vestibular dysfunction, not the hemangioma itself.
  • The study emphasizes the effectiveness of specific diagnostic tests in guiding treatment and the value of collaboration among different medical specialties to avoid unnecessary surgeries.
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  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) can lead to acute ischemic strokes (AIS) via paradoxical embolism; a case study highlights the need for better clinical screening and treatment strategies in affected patients.
  • A systematic review of 102 patients found that AIS due to PAVMs typically occurs in younger individuals (average age 47.4 years) and often involves the middle-cerebral territory, with around 30% experiencing multiple strokes.
  • The study suggests that patients with PAVMs and AIS should be evaluated for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and potential venous thromboses to better manage their condition and prevent further strokes.
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Impact of hearing impairment on cognitive performance.

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol

November 2024

Programa de Cooperação Institucional CRER - Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the cognitive performance in adults with hearing loss and to identify associations between clinical characteristics of hearing loss and cognitive outcomes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical observational study, adults with hearing loss underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), following the collection of their clinical and audiometric data.

Results: Among 134 evaluated individuals, a majority reported a progressive onset (91.

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Objective: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is a vestibular disorder causing vertigo and imbalance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the impact of benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo and repositioning maneuvers on postural control.

Data Sources: In September 2024, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and reference lists of included studies were systematically searched.

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IgG4-Related Disease Involving the Ear: A Case Report.

Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol

October 2024

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

IgG4-related disease is a chronic inflammatory disease with widespread clinical presentation. It mimics various malignant, infectious, and inflammatory conditions, leading to confusion in diagnosis and management. Otological manifestations, though relatively rare, can lead to significant complications.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a study involving 70 patients with Meniere's disease, 80% experienced numbness as an adverse effect, leading some to discontinue the drug, while two patients faced more severe complications.
  • * Despite these issues, 73% of patients reported fewer vertigo attacks, highlighting that while acetazolamide is effective, careful monitoring and dosage management are essential due to the risk of adverse events.
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  • - The systematic review investigates vestibular dysfunction in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), noting that while hearing loss is common, there’s limited research on balance issues related to SCD.
  • - Out of 2,495 studies reviewed, only 12 met the necessary criteria, revealing that 19% of SCD patients reported inner ear problems and 70% experienced dizziness or imbalance, particularly among older patients.
  • - The findings highlight a lack of comprehensive data and quality in existing research, pointing to a need for more studies on treatment methods and the relationship between SCD and vestibular symptoms.
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Eyes wide shut: Horizontal direction changing nystagmus in a left cerebellar-medullary stroke. Favourable outcome after thrombolysis.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis

November 2024

Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Presidio Ospedaliero "Pugliese", AOU "Renato Dulbecco", Catanzaro 88100, Italy. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • A 78-year-old man experienced an acute stroke due to a posterior inferior cerebellar artery blockage, resulting in severe vertigo, gait imbalance, and dysphagia.
  • Clinical examination revealed complex nystagmus patterns: a right-beating nystagmus in primary gaze and a left-beating nystagmus when looking left, indicating central nervous system involvement.
  • Brain imaging confirmed an acute stroke affecting the left medulla and cerebellum, suggesting that damage to specific brain structures can lead to diverse nystagmus presentations associated with central lesions.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess diagnostic trends in dizziness and imbalance in both pediatric and adult patients receiving multidisciplinary evaluations at a hospital from 2017 to 2020.
  • A total of 1,934 patients, predominantly females, were reviewed, revealing that most were assigned a pathologic diagnosis, with central causes of dizziness more common in younger patients and peripheral disorders like BPPV and Meniere's disease more prevalent in older patients.
  • The findings highlight the variability of vestibular disorders across different age groups, with conditions such as vestibular migraine being frequent in younger patients and an increase in peripheral vestibular disorders as patients age.
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  • The study investigates how smartphone usage impacts various health issues, focusing on hearing ability, tinnitus, balance, falls, and anxiety levels among users.
  • Participants were divided into high smartphone use (HSU) and low smartphone use (LSU) groups, with the HSU group showing significantly worse outcomes in these areas.
  • Findings indicate a strong link between excessive smartphone use and increased problems related to hearing, balance, falls, and anxiety, suggesting that high usage could be a risk factor for these health concerns.
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Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS), also known as "the sickness of disembarkment," is characterized by a persistent bobbing, rocking, or swaying sensation reported by patients long after they have completed travel on a boat or other forms of extended transportation. A detailed patient history, focusing on specific inquiries about recent boat or ship travel, is crucial for a timely diagnosis. The syndrome is unique in that reintroducing similar movements, such as driving, swinging, or returning to the boat, alleviates symptoms temporarily.

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  • The foramen transversarium, located in the cervical vertebrae, is crucial for the passage of essential neurovascular structures, and abnormal ossifications in this area can lead to serious clinical issues.
  • A study evaluating 182 dried cervical vertebrae and 190 patients with neck-related problems found various types of abnormal ossifications, including accessory foramina and stenosis.
  • Notably, some patients experienced severe conditions like cervical kyphosis and spinal canal stenosis due to these changes, highlighting the importance of recognizing these ossifications for effective diagnosis and management in spinal disorders.
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Study Objective: Identify high-risk clinical characteristics for a serious cause of vertigo in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Multicentre prospective cohort study over 3 years at three university-affiliated tertiary care EDs. Participants were patients presenting with vertigo, dizziness or imbalance.

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Motion-induced anxiety and agoraphobia are more frequent symptoms in patients with vestibular migraine (VM) than migraine without vertigo. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a therapeutic target for migraine and VM, but the link between motion hypersensitivity, anxiety, and CGRP is relatively unexplored, especially in preclinical mouse models. To further examine this link, we tested the effects of systemic CGRP and off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) on elevated plus maze (EPM) and rotarod performance in male and female C57BL/6J mice.

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Objective: Due the lack of data on the treatment of Vascular Vertigo and Dizziness, this study aimed to report how we managed and treated those outpatients according to the recently introduced American Heart Association and Stroke Association guidelines.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal case series from May 2022 to February 2023. We included patients who met the Bárány Society's Vascular Vertigo and Dizziness classification and were eligible for therapy in accordance with the American Heart Association and Stroke Association guidelines, featuring aspects of the stroke group and transient attack group.

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Article Synopsis
  • - In patients with acute prolonged vertigo or gait imbalance, the HINTS examination is more effective in diagnosing central causes compared to the graded gait/truncal-instability (GTI) rating system, which has limitations due to varying sensitivity and specificity.
  • - A systematic review analyzed data from 18 studies involving 1025 patients and found that while GTI-grade 2/3 provided moderate predictive capability for diagnosing central causes, the HINTS method had significantly higher accuracy.
  • - Combining GTI ratings with central nystagmus patterns enhances diagnostic accuracy but still falls short compared to HINTS; however, GTI remains valuable for emergency department use in diagnosing acute imbalance disorders.
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Background And Objectives: Perception of verticality is clinically assessed using the subjective visual vertical (SVV), a test of the otolith system that consists of aligning a bar on the gravitational vertical in darkness. Patients with acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP) show a systematic SVV bias toward the affected side, whichever the side of line orientation. Whether SVV estimates are symmetrical has not been investigated.

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Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic and disabling disorder characterized by persistent dizziness, unsteadiness, and imbalance. It often arises without an identifiable cause and is exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive movement, and exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli. This complex pathophysiology and the psychological dimensions of its symptomatology pose a significant challenge to clinicians.

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Central Vestibular Dysfunction in Head Injury.

J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

June 2024

Division of Otology/Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates dizziness in individuals who have suffered head injuries and differentiates between those with central vestibular dysfunction (CVD) and those with post-traumatic peripheral vestibular issues.
  • The research retrospectively analyzed data from a neurotology database covering head-injured workers, including detailed medical histories, audiovestibular tests, and imaging studies.
  • Results showed that while CVD is rare, it often involves significant symptoms like persistent imbalance and eye movement abnormalities, suggesting more severe brain injuries, which were not always detectable on scans.
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Background: Gait impairment is a key feature in later stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), which often responds poorly to pharmacological therapies. Neuromodulatory treatment by low-intensity noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has indicated positive effects on postural instability in PD, which may possibly be conveyed to improvement of dynamic gait dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the effects of individually tuned nGVS on normal and cognitively challenged walking in PD patients with mild-to-moderate gait dysfunction.

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Vestibular disorders have had a disabling effect because of the symptoms they cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of disability associated with vertigo in patients with different vestibular disorders using a handicap questionnaire and to investigate the possible relationship between some factors with different types of vestibular disorders and vertigo-related handicap scores. 462 subjects aged 12-90 years old with symptoms of vertigo, dizziness, or imbalance were recruited from several public and private centers.

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