Low trunk muscle mass could predict severe stress urinary incontinence in Asian women.

Aim: Adequate pelvic floor support for the urethra is crucial for preventing stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Obesity is an established risk factor for SUI. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SUI and body composition, specifically focusing on muscle and fat mass.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for patients undergoing radical cystectomy: Surgeons' perspectives and recommendations ten years after its implementation.

Background And Objectives: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines for Radical Cystectomy (RC) were published over ten years ago. Aim of this systematic review is to update ERAS recommendations for patients undergoing RC and to give an expert opinion on the relevance of each single ERAS item.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify the impact of each single ERAS item on RC outcomes.

The role of luteinizing hormone activity in spermatogenesis: from physiology to clinical practice.

The production of spermatozoa, a process known as spermatogenesis, is primarily controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-driven testosterone. LH acts on the Leydig cells, stimulating steroid production, predominantly testosterone, and activating critical inter-related spermatogenesis regulatory pathways. Despite evidence that exogenous gonadotropins containing LH activity can effectively restore spermatogenesis in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the use of these drugs to treat other forms of male infertility is the subject of an ongoing debate.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations testing in prostate cancer: Detection in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and blood samples.

Prostate cancer (PC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men, requiring further understanding to improve diagnosis and treatment. Germline BRCA1/2 mutations, primarily identified in other hereditary cancers, confer an increased risk of developing PC; thus, testing is essential to assess cancer risk, guiding preventive strategies and screening. Recently, somatic BRCA1/2 mutations have emerged as pivotal predictive biomarkers of responsiveness to the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.

Anatomical, subset, and HIV-dependent expression of viral sensors and restriction factors.

We developed viral sensor and restriction factor-cytometry by time of flight (VISOR-CyTOF), which profiles 19 viral sensors and restriction factors (VISORs) simultaneously in single cells, and applied it to 41 postmortem tissues from people with HIV. Mucosal myeloid cells are well equipped with SAMHD1 and sensors of viral capsid and DNA while CD4 T cells are not. In lymph node CD4 Tfh, VISOR expression patterns reflect those favoring integration but blocking HIV gene expression, thus favoring viral latency.

GDBr: genomic signature interpretation tool for DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms.

Large genetic variants can be generated via homologous recombination (HR), such as polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) or single-strand annealing (SSA). Given that these HR-based mechanisms leave specific genomic signatures, we developed GDBr, a genomic signature interpretation tool for DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms using high-quality genome assemblies. We applied GDBr to a draft human pangenome reference.

Gemcitabine and docetaxel for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: EuroGemDoce group results.

Objective: To evaluate the oncological efficacy and safety of sequential intravesical gemcitabine/docetaxel (Gem/Doce) therapy in a European cohort of patients with high-risk and very-high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after previous Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment.

Materials And Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 95 patients with NMIBC, treated with Gem/Doce at 12 European centres between 2021 and 2024. Patients previously treated with BCG who had completed a full induction course and received at least one follow-up evaluation were included.

Cost-Effectiveness of PARP Inhibitors for Patients with BRCA1/2-Positive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer-The Canadian Perspective.

Background/objectives: Through phase III clinical trials, PARP inhibitors have demonstrated outcome improvements in mCRPC patients with alterations in BRCA1/2 genes who have progressed on a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI). While improving outcomes, PARP inhibitors contribute to the ever-growing economic burden of PCa. The objective of this project is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of PARP inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, or talazoparib) versus the SOC (docetaxel or androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI)) for previously progressed mCRPC patients with BRCA1/2 mutations from the Canadian healthcare system perspective.

Chemoprotective Mechanism of Sodium Thiosulfate Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Is via Renal Hydrogen Sulfide, Arginine/cAMP and NO/cGMP Signaling Pathways.

Cisplatin is a common and highly effective chemotherapeutic agent whose nephrotoxic side effect is well-characterized. Sodium thiosulfate (STS), an FDA-approved hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor drug, is emerging as a chemoprotective agent against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). In this study, we investigated the chemoprotective mechanism of STS in a rat model of CIN.

In vitro effect of hCG on cryptorchid patients' gubernacular cells: a predictive model for adjuvant personalized therapy.

Background: Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testicles in the scrotum at birth, being a risk factor for testis cancer and infertility. The most effective method to treat cryptorchidism is orchiopexy, followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy; however, a portion of treated patients do not show a significant improvement in testis volume and vascularization after adjuvant therapy.

Methods: In this study, we generated an in vitro model to predict the patient response to hCG by cultivating and treating primary cells derived from five cryptorchid patients' biopsies of gubernaculum testis, the ligament that connects the testicle to the scrotum.

Prognostic Testing for Prostate Cancer-A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing a Prostatype P-Score Biomarker Approach to Standard Clinical Practice.

Background: The Prostatype score (P-score) is a prognostic biomarker that integrates a three-gene (IGFBP3, F3, and VGLL3) signature derived from prostate biopsy samples, with key clinical parameters, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason grade, and tumor stage at diagnosis. The test has demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for prostate cancer outcomes compared with traditional risk categorization systems such as D'Amico. Notably, it reclassifies a higher proportion of patients into the low-risk category, making them eligible for active surveillance.

Diagnostic evaluation and management of recurrent urinary tract infections in the spinal cord injury population - a retrospective evaluation at a tertiary care center.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objectives: While most individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are expected to have 1-2 urinary tract infections (UTIs) per year, there is a subset with higher incidence. We evaluate our practice to characterize common causes of recurrent UTIs, hypothesizing that more frequent infections typically have addressable risk factors.

Robot-assisted Kidney Transplantation: The 8-year European Experience.

Background And Objective: Evidence regarding perioperative results and long-term functional outcomes of robotic-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) is limited. We evaluated perioperative surgical results and long-term functional outcomes of RAKT in patients receiving kidney transplants from living donors.

Methods: This retrospective analysis is based on a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted from July 2015 to October 2023 across ten European centers.

Obesity reshapes regulatory T cells in the visceral adipose tissue by disrupting cellular cholesterol homeostasis.

Regulatory T cells (T) accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis but decline during obesity. Here, we explored the metabolic pathways controlling the homeostasis, composition, and function of VAT T under normal and high-fat diet feeding conditions. We found that cholesterol metabolism was specifically up-regulated in ST2 VAT T subsets.

Country-specific key lifestyle factors and health outcomes for resource allocation in the general population: a network analysis across 29 countries.

Background: We aimed to identify the central lifestyle, the most impactful among lifestyle factor clusters; the central health outcome, the most impactful among health outcome clusters; and the bridge lifestyle, the most strongly connected to health outcome clusters, across 29 countries to optimise resource allocation for local holistic health improvements.

Methods: From July 2020 to August 2021, we surveyed 16 461 adults across 29 countries who self-reported changes in 18 lifestyle factors and 13 health outcomes due to the pandemic. Three networks were generated by network analysis for each country: lifestyle, health outcome, and bridge networks.

Reporting quality of animal research in journals that published the ARRIVE 1.0 or ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines: a cross-sectional analysis of 943 studies.

Background: The adherence to the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines across the journals that initially published the guidelines and if adherence has improved since the guidelines update, remains unknown. We aimed to quantify the level of adherence and analyze factors that might influence reporting quality among these journals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed interventional animal experiments published in journals that released ARRIVE 1.

Potential beneficial impacts of tadalafil on cardiovascular diseases.

Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of PDE5, leading to increased levels of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the corpus cavernosum, which facilitates smooth muscle relaxation. This article reviews studies using tadalafil in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and emphasizes its potential advantages in conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, diabetic ulcers, and cardiomyopathy.

Non-Caucasian Race/Ethnicity Predisposes to Unfavorable Stage and Grade at Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis.

Objective: To test whether race/ethnicity affects stage or grade distribution at upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) diagnosis.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database 2004-2020, UTUC patients were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models tested for the association between race/ethnicity and stage as well as grade at diagnosis according to renal pelvis vs.

Immunogenomic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can lead to 'exceptional', durable responses in a subset of persons. However, the molecular basis of exceptional response (ER) to immunotherapy in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) has not been well characterized. Here we analyzed pretherapy genomic and transcriptomic data in treatment-naive persons with mccRCC treated with standard-of-care immunotherapies: (1) combination of programmed cell death protein and ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors (IO/IO) or (2) combination of PD1/PDL1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitors (IO/VEGF).