Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Longitudinal FDG-PET Metabolic Change Along the Lewy Body Continuum.

Importance: Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a well-established cross-sectional biomarker of brain metabolism in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the longitudinal change in FDG-PET has not been characterized.

Objective: To investigate longitudinal FDG-PET in prodromal DLB and DLB, including a subsample with autopsy data, and report estimated sample sizes for a hypothetical clinical trial in DLB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Longitudinal case-control study with mean (SD) follow-up of 3.

Safety and Efficacy of IV Onasemnogene Abeparvovec for Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Phase 3b SMART Study.

Background And Objectives: Safety and efficacy of IV onasemnogene abeparvovec has been demonstrated for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) weighing <8.5 kg. SMART was the first clinical trial to evaluate onasemnogene abeparvovec for participants weighing 8.

Emerging Trends in Neuroblastoma Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Research.

This review explores the current understanding and recent advancements in neuroblastoma, one of the most common extracranial solid pediatric cancers, accounting for ~ 15% of childhood cancer-related mortality. The hallmarks of NBL, including angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, cell cycle dysregulation, drug resistance, and responses to hypoxia and ROS, underscore its complex biology. The tumor microenvironment's significance in disease progression is acknowledged in this study, along with the pivotal role of cancer stem cells in sustaining tumor growth and heterogeneity.

Systematic optimisation of crude buccal swab lysate protocols for use with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit.

The ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit has not been thoroughly tested with crude buccal swab lysates in large-scale population studies using massively parallel sequencing (MPS). Commonly used lysis buffers for swabs intending to undergo direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are SwabSolution™ and STR GO! Lysis Buffers, and these have been successfully used to generate population data using capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems. In this study, we investigated the performance and optimisation of SwabSolution™ and STR GO! lysates with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep workflow and addressed the challenge of failed MPS profiles in initial trials.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay coupled with lateral flow dipstick for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a global animal pathogen. Traditional identification methods are time-consuming necessitating a more efficient approach. This study validated and enhanced the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique by integration it with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay for the detection of S.

Photocatalytic Methanol Dehydrogenation with Switchable Selectivity.

Switchable selectivity achieved by altering reaction conditions within the same photocatalytic system offers great advantages for sustainable chemical transformations and renewable energy conversion. In this study, we investigate an efficient photocatalytic methanol dehydrogenation with controlled selectivity by varying the concentration of nickel cocatalyst, using zinc indium sulfide nanocrystals as a semiconductor photocatalyst, which enables the production of either formaldehyde or ethylene glycol with high selectivity. Control experiments revealed that formaldehyde is initially generated and can either serve as a terminal product or intermediate in producing ethylene glycol, depending on the nickel concentration in the solution.

Population pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and the impact of food and formulation on systemic exposure in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Objective: Identifying factors influencing cannabidiol (CBD) exposure can optimize treatment efficacy and safety. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of CBD in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and assess the influence of environmental, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics on CBD systemic exposure.

Methods: Data from two pharmacokinetic studies of patients aged 2-18 years with DEEs were included (N = 48 patients).

Hearing loss rather than vestibular loss identifies patient subgroups with different outcomes in Meniere's disease.

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between Meniere's disease (MD) duration and both hearing thresholds and vestibular dysfunction.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. First, the relationships between MD duration and pure-tone audiometry thresholds for each frequency, the canal paresis (CP) ratio, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain were analysed.

Treatment of focal anaplastic Wilms tumor: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 and AREN03B2 studies.

Background: In the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, patients received vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) without radiation for stage I focal anaplastic Wilms tumor (FAWT) and VA plus doxorubicin (DD4A) and radiation for stage II-IV FAWT. Four-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for stage I FAWT were 67.5% and 88.

Evaluation of Intestinal Permeability Using Serum Biomarkers in Learning Early About Peanut Allergy Trial.

Background: Intestinal barrier dysfunction may lead to a break in tolerance and development of food allergy (FA). There is contradictory evidence on whether intestinal permeability (IP) is altered in IgE-mediated FA. Thus, we sought to determine whether IP differed between children with eczema who did (FA group) or did not (atopic controls, ACs) develop FA and whether peanut sensitization, allergy, and early introduction impacted IP using serum biomarkers zonulin, soluble CD14, and Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein among randomly selected participants enrolled in the Learning Early About Peanut allergy trial.

Sequential Infiltration Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Discrete Atom Clusters.

Exposure of soft material templates to alternating volatile chemical precursors can produce inorganic deposition within the permeable template (e.g. a polymer thin film) in a process akin to atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Characterization of the immune cell profile in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown efficacy in its treatment. The combination of chemotherapy and ICIs represents a new trend in the standard care for metastatic NPC. In this study, we aim to clarify the immune cell profile and related prognostic factors in the ICI-based treatment of metastatic NPC.

Recent Perspectives on Anticancer Potential of Coumarin Against Different Human Malignancies: An Updated Review.

Coumarins, a group of naturally occurring compounds, have been reported to demonstrate anticancer potential. These substances, distinguished by their combined benzene and α-pyrone rings, have been demonstrated to impact multiple cellular mechanisms essential for the initiation and advancement of cancer. These agents work in different ways that prevent different tumor cells from growing, spreading, and increasing.

Comparative Analysis of Seventeen Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae Leafhoppers, Including the Unique Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae) From Xizang, China, and New Insights Into Phylogenetic Relationships Within Mileewini.

The subfamily Mileewinae in China comprises one tribe (Mileewini), four genera (, , , ), and 71 species, yet only 11 mitochondrial genomes have been published. This study aimed to elucidate ambiguous diagnostic traits in traditional taxonomy and examined phylogenetic relationships among genera by sequencing mitochondrial genomes from 16 species. The lengths of the mitochondrial genomes ranged from 14,532 to 15,280 bp, exhibiting an AT content of 77.

Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Position Statement on the Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Management of Aortic Stenosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been established as an effective treatment modality in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and the uptake of TAVI is rapidly growing in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there exist a heterogeneity in the management of aortic stenosis and the use of TAVI among countries in the region. Reasons for these differences include anatomic variations, disparity in healthcare resources and infrastructure, and the lack of consensus on the optimal management of AS in the Asia-Pacific region.

Genetic Assessment of Living Kidney Transplant Donors: A Survey of Canadian Practices.

Background: Kidney failure is a prevalent condition with tendency for familial clustering in up to 27% of the affected individuals. Living kidney donor (LKD) transplantation is the optimal treatment option; however, in Canada, more than 45% of LKDs are biologically related to their recipients which subjects recipients to worse graft survival and donors to higher future risk of kidney failure. Although not fully understood, this observation could be partially explained by genetic predisposition to kidney diseases.

Molecular Characterization and Potential Inhibitors Prediction of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase-2 in Carcinoma: An Insight from Molecular Docking, ADMET Profiling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies.

Objectives: To predict and characterize the three-dimensional (3D) structure of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) using homology modeling, besides, the identification of potent inhibitors for enhanced comprehension of the biological function of this protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family protein in carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: An method was employed to predict and characterize the three-dimensional structure. The bulk of PRMTs in the PDB shares just a structurally conserved catalytic core domain.

A human skin-on-a-chip platform for microneedling-driven skin cancer treatment.

Skin-on-a-chip models provide physiologically relevant platforms for studying diseases and drug evaluation, replicating the native skin structures and functions more accurately than traditional 2D or simple 3D cultures. However, challenges remain in creating models suitable for microneedling applications and monitoring, as well as developing skin cancer models for analysis and targeted therapy. Here, we developed a human skin/skin cancer-on-a-chip platform within a microfluidic device using bioprinting/bioengineering techniques.

Infant action understanding: the roles of active training and motor development.

Introduction: This study examined the potential interplay between motor development and intervention in support of action understanding.

Methods: Eighty nine-month-old infants completed a tool-use training session and goal imitation paradigm that assessed action understanding in counterbalanced order. A metric of motor development was obtained using the Early Motor Questionnaire.

Global, regional, and national trends in drug use disorder mortality rates across 73 countries from 1990 to 2021, with projections up to 2040: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: Drug use disorder (DUD) poses a major public health crisis globally, necessitating immediate attention to global trends and future projections to develop effective health policies and interventions. Thus, we aimed to estimate the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 and future projections of DUD deaths until 2040 across 73 countries.

Methods: In this time-series analysis and modelling study, we investigated the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 using the WHO Mortality Database and forecasted future trends through 2040.

Identifying biomarker-driven subphenotypes of cardiogenic shock: analysis of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials.

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome, making it challenging to predict patient trajectory and response to treatment. This study aims to identify biological/molecular CS subphenotypes, evaluate their association with outcome, and explore their impact on heterogeneity of treatment effect (ShockCO-OP, NCT06376318).

Methods: We used unsupervised clustering to integrate plasma biomarker data from two prospective cohorts of CS patients: CardShock (N = 205 [2010-2012, NCT01374867]) and the French and European Outcome reGistry in Intensive Care Units (FROG-ICU) (N = 228 [2011-2013, NCT01367093]) to determine the optimal number of classes.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Sporadic Foodborne Diseases Caused by - China, 2013-2022.

Introduction: () is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China. Most epidemiological studies on have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks, with fewer studies based on long-term, continuous, and systematic sentinel surveillance.

Methods: Data were collected from the national foodborne disease active surveillance program in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China from 2013 to 2022.

Burden of diabetes in correctional facilities: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus presents significant public health challenges worldwide. While its prevalence and management in the general population have been extensively studied, comprehensive research on diabetes among incarcerated individuals is lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and -analysis to determine the prevalence of diabetes within the prison population.