Dissolved phosphorous through dry-wet-dry transitions in a small-dammed river basin: integrated understanding on transport patterns, export controls, and fate.

An integrated understanding of dissolved phosphorous (DP) export mechanism and controls on export over dry and wet periods is crucial for riverine ecological restorations in dammed river basins considering its high bioavailability and retention rates at dams. Riverine DP transport patterns (composition, sources, and transport pathways), export controls, and fate were investigated over the 2020 wet season (5 events) and dry seasons before and after it (2 events: dry and dry) in a semi-arid, small-dammed watershed to comprehend the links between terrestrial DP sources and aquatic DP sinks. Close spatiotemporal monitoring of the full range of phosphorous and total suspended solids (TSSs) and subsequent analyses (hysteresis, hierarchical partitioning, and coefficient of variation) provided the basis for the study.

Multiomic analyses direct hypotheses for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk genes.

Prions are assemblies of misfolded prion protein that cause several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, with the most common phenotype in humans being sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Aside from variation of the prion protein itself, molecular risk factors are not well understood. Prion and prion-like mechanisms are thought to underpin common neurodegenerative disorders meaning that the elucidation of mechanisms could have broad relevance.

U in a Conserved Pseudotetrahedral Imidophosphorane Coordination Sphere.

While several ligand systems support uranium across a range of oxidation states, spanning more than two oxidation states in a conserved coordination geometry is uncommon among structurally authenticated complexes. Imidophosphorane ligands significantly stabilize high-valent lanthanide and actinide complexes. Here, we report a series of homoleptic uranium imidophosphorane complexes, spanning the +4, +5 and +6 oxidation states in a four-coordinate pseudotetrahedral ligand field.

Anthropometry, body composition, somatotype and asymmetry of canoe sprint world champion: A case study.

Body composition is a determinant of physical fitness and sports performance. To describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, somatotype, and asymmetries of the 2023 world champion in the C1-1000 canoeing event. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometry were used to describe the athlete's body composition.

Colloidal Design and Preparation of an Internal Electric Modulated Z-Scheme BiOI-CdS Heteronanostructure with Oxygen-Rich Vacancies.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers an ideal strategy for the development of clean and renewable energy. However, its practical implementation is often inhibited by the high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers and the instability of photoanodes. Introducing defect engineering (such as oxygen vacancies) and constructing internal electric field-modulated Z-scheme heteronanostructures (HNs) can be considered as effective approaches to overcome these obstacles.

Real‑world therapeutic strategies and survival outcomes in advanced HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Limited information is available regarding the clinical features and outcomes of advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Taiwan, despite expanding treatment options for this distinct subtype. The present study explored the clinical features and outcomes of HER2-mutant NSCLC in a real-world setting.

Methods: Relevant data were collected from patients with advanced or recurrent HER2-mutant NSCLC who received systemic therapy between 2011 and 2021 and were followed up until 2022 at two medical centers in Taiwan.

Lipopolysaccharide Causes Acquired CFTR Dysfunction in Murine Nasal Airways.

Objective: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a clinical entity defined by aberrant chloride (Cl) ion transport causing downstream effects on mucociliary clearance (MCC) in sinonasal epithelia. Inducible deficiencies in transepithelial Cl transport via CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been theorized to be a driving process in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients without CF. We have previously identified that brief exposures to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mammalian cells induces an acquired dysfunction of CFTR in vitro and in vivo.

Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals 17β-Estradiol Treatment Represses Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Mediators in Skeletal Muscle of Ovariectomized Mice.

Background: With a decline of 17β-estradiol (E2) at menopause, E2 has been implicated in the accompanied loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. We aimed at characterizing transcriptomic responses of skeletal muscle to E2 in female mice, testing the hypothesis that genes and pathways related to contraction and maintenance of mass are differentially expressed in ovariectomized mice with and without E2 treatment.

Methods: Soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from C57BL/6 ovariectomized mice treated with placebo (OVX) or E2 (OVX + E2) for 60 days, or from skeletal muscle-specific ERα knockout (skmERαKO) mice and wild-type littermates (skmERαWT), were used for genome-wide expression profiling, quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting.

Precision in Liver Diagnosis: Varied Accuracy Across Subgroups and the Need for Variable Thresholds in Diagnosis of MASLD.

Background And Aims: The performance of non-invasive liver tests (NITs) is known to vary across settings and subgroups. We systematically evaluated whether the performance of three NITs in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) varies with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status or liver enzymes.

Methods: Data from 586 adult LITMUS Metacohort participants with histologically characterised MASLD were included.

Qcforever2: Advanced Automation of Quantum Chemistry Computations.

QCforever is a wrapper designed to automatically and simultaneously calculate various physical quantities using quantum chemical (QC) calculation software for blackbox optimization in chemical space. We have updated it to QCforever2 to search the conformation and optimize density functional parameters for a more accurate and reliable evaluation of an input molecule. In blackbox optimization, QCforever2 can work as compactly arranged surrogate models for costly chemical experiments.

Exploring the Clinical Diversity of Castleman Disease and TAFRO Syndrome: A Japanese Multicenter Study on Lymph Node Distribution Patterns.

Individuals diagnosed with Castleman disease (CD) and TAFRO syndrome (characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, bone marrow fibrosis, and organomegaly) displays a wide range of clinical symptoms, including varying patterns of lymph node enlargement, systemic inflammation, and impaired organ function. Some patients may present with both CD and TAFRO syndrome concurrently. A retrospective study conducted across multiple centers in Japan examined 321 cases to determine if the quantity and position of swollen lymph nodes could forecast the clinical progression and intensity of these conditions.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Self-Collected Dried Blood Spot Specimens for Viral Load Monitoring among Rural Older People Living with HIV.

Self-collected dried blood spot (DBS) samples may be useful in monitoring viral load (VL) in research studies or clinically given that they eliminate the need for participants to travel to study sites or laboratories. Despite this, little information exists about monitoring VL using DBS self-collected at home, and no information exists on DBS for this use among older rural people living with HIV (PLH), a population that could benefit from self-collection given difficulty accessing care. We report on the feasibility and acceptability of self-collected DBS samples, DBS VL results, concordance between self-reported and DBS VL, and factors associated with DBS detectable VL in a rural Southern U.

The difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infections in infants and children.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) with multiple types of viruses are common in infants and children. This study was conducted to assess the difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infection using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The overall taxonomic alpha diversity did not differ by the types of infected virus.

Impacts of irrigation expansion on moist-heat stress based on IRRMIP results.

Irrigation rapidly expanded during the 20 century, affecting climate via water, energy, and biogeochemical changes. Previous assessments of these effects predominantly relied on a single Earth System Model, and therefore suffered from structural model uncertainties. Here we quantify the impacts of historical irrigation expansion on climate by analysing simulation results from six Earth system models participating in the Irrigation Model Intercomparison Project (IRRMIP).

Sex-specific effects on the heart from combined exposure to simulated galactic cosmic radiation and hindlimb unloading.

Future long duration space missions will expose astronauts to higher doses of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) than those experienced on the international space station. Recent studies have demonstrated astronauts may be at risk for cardiovascular complications due to increased radiation exposure and fluid shift from microgravity. However, there is a lack of direct evidence on how the cardiovascular system is affected by GCR and microgravity since no astronauts have been exposed to exploratory mission relevant GCR doses.

Impact of Daily High Ergosterol Intake for 14 Weeks in Ovariectomized Rats on Cholesterol and Vitamin D Biosynthesis Pathways.

Postmenopausal women are at a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia and osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency, necessitating regular vitamin D supplementation and the use of cholesterol inhibitors, respectively, to prevent these conditions. Despite current treatments, alternatives are needed to address both conditions simultaneously. Ergosterol, a precursor of vitamin D, is a fungal sterol converted to brassicasterol by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, a cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol (a precursor of vitamin D) into cholesterol.

[Analysis of Factors That Promote Awareness of Breast MRI Surveillance for Carriers of Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk Genes ( BRCA1/2)].

Purpose: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancers (HBOC) carry a high risk of breast cancer, and detailed screening with contrast-enhanced breast MRI (breast MRI surveillance) is recommended. With the increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with HBOC, the demand for breast MRI surveillance is also rising. However, the current system is inadequate, with factors such as lack of knowledge and indifference among healthcare professionals, and insufficient understanding of breast MRI surveillance being cited.

Clinical and molecular characteristics of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: results of a multicentre study.

Objectives: KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) is a great cause of concern and it is often associated with bloodstream infections (BSIs) and a high mortality rate. We identified the risk factors of KPC-Kp BSIs observed in three Italian hospitals and studied the epidemiology of KPC-Kp strains.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of KPC-Kp BSIs from 2014 to 2019 in three hospitals in Central Italy (Ancona, Pesaro-Fano, and Perugia).

Oxidative Gaseous Air Pollutant Exposure Interacts with PNPLA3-I148M Genotype to Influence Liver Fat Fraction and Multi-Omics Profiles in Young Adults.

PNPLA3-I148M genotype is the strongest predictive single-nucleotide polymorphism for liver fat. We examine whether PNPLA3-I148M modifies associations between oxidative gaseous air pollutant exposure (O) with i) liver fat and ii) multi-omics profiles of miRNAs and metabolites linked to liver fat. Participants were 69 young adults (17-22 years) from the Meta-AIR cohort.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle PD-1 promotes tumor immune evasion via disruption of peripheral T cell homeostasis.

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis mediates immune evasion of tumor, and targeting this axis has achieved some clinical benefits. The regulation of PD-1 expression in immune cells has been well studied. However, whether any other potential source of immune cell-expressed PD-1 exists remains unknown.

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

Methods: The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally.

Discovery of highly oxygenated cytochalasans with antiproliferative activity from an endophytic fungus Boeremia exigua.

Eleven cytochalasans (1-11), including six undescribed analogues (1-3 and 5-7) and a new natural product (4), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Boeremia exigua. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by a combination of extensive spectroscopic techniques, electron circular dichroism (ECD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Boerelasin E (1) represented the first cytochalasan possessing a cis-configured Δ double bond.

Progenitor effect in the spleen drives early recovery via universal hematopoietic cell inflation.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the capacity to regenerate the entire hematopoietic system. However, the precise HSC dynamics in the early post-transplantation phase remain an enigma. Clinically, the initial hematopoiesis in the post-transplantation period is critical, necessitating strategies to accelerate hematopoietic recovery.