Acute kidney injury following CAR-T cell therapy: a nephrologist's perspective.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, an emerging personalized immunotherapy for various haematologic malignancies, autoimmune diseases and other conditions, involves the modification of patients' T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes tumour or autoimmune cell antigens, allowing CAR-T cells to destroy cancerous and other target cells selectively. Despite remarkable clinical improvements in patients, multiple adverse effects have been associated with CAR-T cell therapy. Among the most recognized adverse effects are cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome and tumour lysis syndrome.

Anti-Mesothelin CAR-NK cells as a novel targeted therapy against cervical cancer.

Resistance to the currently available treatment paradigms is one of the main factors that contributes to poor outcomes in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Novel targeted therapy approaches might enhance the patient's treatment outcome and are urgently needed for this malignancy. While chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR)-based adoptive immunotherapy displays a promising treatment strategy for liquid cancers, their use against cervical cancer is largely unexplored.

Burden of Infectious Diseases in Mobile Migrants in Gold Mining Areas in Suriname's Interior.

Introduction: Mobile migrants are subject to restricted healthcare access, which may result in the spread of certain infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the burden of a subset of priority infectious diseases in mobile migrants in remote gold mining areas in the forested interior of Suriname.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled mobile migrants in 13 study sites between January and June 2022.

HMB/Arg/Gln may improve short-term outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer.

Background: The wound healing effects of a specialized amino acid supplement containing calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine (HMB/Arg/Gln) have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of HMB/Arg/Gln in the perioperative management of patients with thoracic esophageal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 131 patients who underwent esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer between January 2016 and November 2023.

Genome Analysis of Japanese Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Strains Isolated From Kawasaki Disease Patients and Other Sources and Their Phylogenetic Positions in the Global Y. pseudotuberculosis Population.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Ypt) is a gram-negative bacterium that infects both humans and animals primarily through fecal‒oral transmission. While Ypt causes acute gastroenteritis in humans, an association with Kawasaki disease (KD), a disease that primarily affects infants and young children and causes multisystemic vasculitis, has also been suspected. Although KD represents a significant health concern worldwide, the highest annual incidence rate is reported in Japan.

Effects of a multimedia campaign to increase human papillomavirus vaccine acceptance in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Increasing the uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescent girls is a high priority for the government of Bangladesh. This study examines correlates of HPV vaccine adoption in Dhaka Division, the largest division in Bangladesh. The 18-day vaccination campaign was accompanied by multimedia messages.

Statistical methods to adjust for the effects on intervention compliance in randomized clinical trials where precision treatment rules are being developed.

Background: Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) can occur because of either differential treatment compliance or differential treatment effectiveness. This distinction is important, as it has action implications, but it is unclear how to distinguish these two possibilities statistically in precision treatment analysis given that compliance is not observed until after randomization. We review available statistical methods and illustrate a recommended method in secondary analysis in a trial focused on HTE.

Single-cell analysis of lung epithelial cells reveals age and cell population-specific responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in ciliated cells.

Introduction: The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to evade antiviral immune signaling in the airway contributes to the severity of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, COVID-19 is influenced by age and has more severe presentations in older individuals. This raises questions about innate immune signaling as a function of lung development and age.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Acute kidney injury is associated with liver-related outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The effects of acute kidney injury (AKI) on liver-related outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the association between AKI with liver-related mortality and complications in patients with HBV infection.

Methods: The multicenter, retrospective cohort study included Chinese adults with HBV infection from 24 regional central hospitals between January 2000 and December 2022.

A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Gut Bacterial Urease Protects the Host from Liver Injury.

Hyperammonemia is characterized by the accumulation of ammonia within the bloodstream upon liver injury. Left untreated, hyperammonemia contributes to conditions such as hepatic encephalopathy that have high rates of patient morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified gut bacterial urease, an enzyme that converts urea into ammonia, as a major contributor to systemic ammonia levels.

Structure guided modification of 2-chloro-5-(ethyl-phenyl-sulfamoyl)-N-[2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-benzamide to afford selective inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum N-myristoyltransferase.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes severe diarrheal illness in children and each year nearly 50,000 children under age 5 die due to the disease. Despite tremendous research efforts, there remains a lack of effective therapies and vaccines. Novel inhibitors against N-myristoyltransferase of C.

CONVENIENCE SAMPLING FOR PANDEMIC SURVEILLANCE OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 IN CHILDREN IN JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI.

We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence on residual blood samples for pediatric COVID-19 surveillance: 2263 samples were collected during routine outpatient visits (<18 years, April 2020-August 2021). Seroprevalence increased over time, coinciding with or preceding virus circulation in the community and with or preceding pediatric severe COVID-19 hospitalization peaks. Residual blood sample seroprevalence may be a useful surveillance tool in future outbreaks.

How did home care nurses support COVID-19 patients in Japan? A qualitative study.

Aim: Home care nurses support patients with COVID-19 with mild to moderate symptoms at home due to the lack of community-based support. Little is known about how nurses initiated and maintained support for patients with COVID-19. This study explored the experiences of home care nurses in supporting patients with COVID-19 at home.

Antifungal Potentials of Asian Plants: Ethnobotanical Insights and Phytochemical Investigations.

Introduction: Ethnomedicinal plants in Asia offer a promising, low-side-effect alternative to synthetic drugs for treating fungal infections, one of the most widespread communicable diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. Despite being underexplored, the region's rich plant diversity holds the potential for developing effective antifungal drugs. Research is increasingly focused on bioactive compounds from these plants, which show strong antifungal properties and may serve as leads for new drug development.

A Patient With NEMO Deficiency, Disseminated M. szulgai, and Post-HSCT Inflammatory Disease.

Background: Disseminated mycobacterium poses a significant risk for patients with NEMO deficiency. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) corrects the NEMO defect in hematopoietic cells thus treating the immunodeficiency.

Methods: We present a patient with NEMO deficiency who successfully underwent HSCT despite a disseminated Mycobacterium szulgai infection.

Prevention of Infections Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Asplenia or Hyposplenism.

Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with splenic dysfunction are at increased risk for infections, and tailored guidance on the management of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients is often lacking. The purpose of this article is to provide practice recommendations via a frequently asked questions (FAQs) format that focuses on three main domains: the identification of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients/candidates, prophylactic strategies for mitigating the risk of invasive disease associated with splenic dysfunction in the context of transplantation, and the provision of appropriate patient counseling on the risks associated with asplenia/hyposplenism. Answers to the FAQs are based on international expert opinion informed by practices for managing splenic dysfunction and associated data in other populations with asplenia.

Enhanced Killing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Ceftaroline or Vancomycin in Combination with Carbapenems.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is associated with high rates of treatment failure, even when antibiotics showing in vitro susceptibility are used. Early optimization of therapy is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Building on our previous research on carbapenem therapy for methicillin-susceptible S.

Management and disease burden of children and adults with severe IgE-mediated food allergy: Are adults the lost population?

Background: Lacking causal treatment options in most cases, severe IgE-mediated food allergies (IgE-FA) are associated with a high burden of disease due to permanent risk of anaphylactic reactions after accidental allergen ingestion. To date, only few data comparing health resources and burden of disease between the pediatric and adult population are available.

Objective: Our survey aimed to assess the care situation of pediatric and adult patients with severe, self-reported physician-diagnosed IgE-FA.

Impact of digital device utilization on public health surveillance to enhance city resilience during the public health emergency response: A case study of SARS-CoV-2 response in Thailand (2020-2023).

Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of digital devices on public health surveillance, the impact of public health surveillance on resilient cities, and the impact of digital devices on resilient cities.

Methods: Questionnaires were issued to residents of Thailand during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 response (2020-2023). In total, 1025 valid responses were recorded from Thai nationals and expatriates.

The first case of alveolar echinococcosis from southern Croatia: progressive course of the disease in an immunocompromised patient.

Introduction: Alveolar echinococcosis is one of the most pathogenic zoonoses caused by the larval forms of . It is endemic in central Europe, but from 2001 to 2018, eight European countries reported their first cases of alveolar echinococcosis. These numbers testify to unprecedented spread of the infection.

"You find yourself in a very humiliating situation": experiences of people living with post-tuberculosis lung disease in Brazil.

Background: Brazil remains one of the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV coinfection burden. Post-TB lung disease (PTLD) is a set of sequelae that can occur in people who have been cured of TB.

Aim: To learn about the experiences of people living with PTLD (PLPTLD) and how healthcare workers (HCW) manage PTLD.

Absence of Viral Replication Is Associated With Improved Outcome in Anti-HCV-Positive Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Presence of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may influence the outcome of patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although this issue has never been adequately assessed in a large series of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of active HCV affects the survival of patients treated for HCC.

Methods: This study assessed the outcome of 3123 anti-HCV-positive patients with HCC, subdivided according to the presence of active HCV infection or previous sustained virological response (SVR).