Relationship between age, conditioning intensity, and outcome after allografting in adults age ≥60 years with AML.

Methodological advancements now allow older adults with AML to receive allografts although conflicting data exist regarding relative outcomes across age groups and benefits of different conditioning intensities. We retrospectively analyzed 495 adults aged 60-64 (n = 184), 65-69 (n = 189), or ≥70 (n = 122) allografted for AML in remission at our institution from 2006 to 2023. There were no significant differences in relapse or relapse-free survival (RFS) among the 3 age cohorts after multivariable adjustment.

Response to initial treatment with glucocorticoids in TAFRO syndrome and implications for secondary treatment.

The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of various initial treatments incorporating glucocorticoid (GC) in TAFRO syndrome (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, and organomegaly). Cases of TAFRO syndrome up to November 2023 were retrospectively collected. Overall survival (OS) and resistance to GC therapy were assessed, with resistance analyzed based on the time to the next treatment or death (TTNTD).

Comparison of the incidence of proteinuria and changes in eGFR among febuxostat and topiroxostat users.

Background: Febuxostat and topiroxostat are non-purine selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors commonly used for hyperuricaemia treatment in Japan. However, comparative data on the effects of febuxostat and topiroxostat on renal function and proteinuria are limited. This study compared proteinuria incidence and changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among prevalent febuxostat and topiroxostat users.

Hallmark discoveries in the biology of non-Wilms tumour childhood kidney cancers.

Approximately 20% of paediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with renal tumours are diagnosed with non-Wilms tumour, a broad heterogeneous group of tumours that includes clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney, renal-cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma and other rare histologies. The differential diagnosis of these tumours dates back many decades, when these pathologies were identified initially through clinicopathological observation of entities with outcomes that diverged from Wilms tumour, corroborated with immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics and, subsequently, through next-generation sequencing. These advances enabled near-definitive recognition of different tumours and risk stratification of patients.

Pivotal roles of Plasmodium falciparum lysophospholipid acyltransferase 1 in cell cycle progression and cytostome internalization.

The rapid intraerythrocytic replication of Plasmodium falciparum, a deadly species of malaria parasite, requires a quick but constant supply of phospholipids to support marked cell membrane expansion. In the malarial parasite, many enzymes functioning in phospholipid synthesis pathway have not been identified or characterized. Here, we identify P.

A high-fat meal significantly impacts the bioavailability and biphasic absorption of cannabidiol (CBD) from a CBD-rich extract in men and women.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a specialized metabolite (phytocannabinoid) abundant in Cannabis sativa, is attracting increasing attention for its alleged health-promoting properties. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of CBD and its primary metabolite, 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), following a single oral dose of a CBD-rich Cannabis sativa extract, equivalent to 70 mg CBD, in healthy male (n=5) and female (n=6) participants. Using a randomized crossover design, the study evaluated the impact of a standardized high-fat meal compared to fasting on the oral bioavailability of CBD.

Single cell profiling of circulating autoreactive CD4 T cells from patients with autoimmune liver diseases suggests tissue imprinting.

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) involve dysregulated CD4 T cell responses against liver self-antigens, but how these autoreactive T cells relate to liver tissue pathology remains unclear. Here we perform single-cell transcriptomic and T cell receptor analyses of circulating, self-antigen-specific CD4 T cells from patients with AILD and identify a subset of liver-autoreactive CD4 T cells with a distinct B-helper transcriptional profile characterized by PD-1, TIGIT and HLA-DR expression. These cells share clonal relationships with expanded intrahepatic T cells and exhibit transcriptional signatures overlapping with tissue-resident T cells in chronically inflamed environments.

Current Status and Prospects of Regional Collaborative Pathways for Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Japan - A Nationwide Survey.

Background: Comprehensive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires seamless treatment across institutions, including intensive care centers and local clinics. However, maintaining guideline-directed medical therapy remains challenging. One promising option to improve the situation may be the implementation of regional collaborative clinical pathways.

Antithrombotic resumption after middle meningeal artery embolization or surgery for chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The periprocedural management of antithrombotic medications in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) after middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) or surgical evacuation is uncertain.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted across Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We pooled proportions and risk ratios (RRs) for the meta-analysis with the corresponding 95% CIs.

The usefulness of HbA1c measurement in diabetic mouse models using various devices.

In most cases, the diagnosis of diabetes in animal models is based solely on blood glucose levels. While hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used in the diagnosis of diabetes in humans, it is rarely measured in mice in diabetes research. This is thought to be because there are no established reference values for mouse HbA1c, as well as the fact that there are very few reports on the variability and reproducibility of measurements taken using different devices.

Prediction of long-term drug-free outcomes in ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis by combined clinical and ultrasound assessment of residual disease: a 5-year prospective study.

Objective: To delineate, within the framework of current clinical practice and criteria, the sustainability of first-line immuno-suppressive treatment discontinuation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the impact of residual disease in remission on long-term drug-free (DF) outcomes.

Methods: RA patients, referring to the Pavia early arthritis clinic (EAC) between 2009 and 2021 and achieving remission after Disease Activity Score-driven methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, were recruited. Eligible patients underwent DF follow-up at 3-month intervals over 5 years after MTX discontinuation.

Variability in Coagulation Profiles in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Peripheral Artery Disease.

Objectives: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been associated with a prothrombotic state. CKD affects hemostasis through altered platelet function and coagulation factors. Traditional tests provide limited insight into these changes.

Dietary carbohydrate quality is associated with epigenetic age acceleration: a cross-sectional study of the CARDIA cohort.

Background: Dietary intake is one lifestyle factor that is expected to impact gene expression by altering DNA methylation (DNAm), thus affecting epigenetic aging. Studies on the association between quality of carbohydrates and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) are scarce despite the evidence that quality may be more important than amount of carbohydrates consumed.

Objective: We aimed to identify the cross-sectional associations of carbohydrate quality and fiber-rich food score with epigenetic age acceleration in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

A randomised non-inferiority trial investigating antibiotic adjustments based on blood culture in acute cholangitis.

Objectives: This study evaluated the adequacy of using blood cultures alone for antibiotic therapy in mild-to-moderate acute cholangitis after adequate biliary drainage.

Methods: A prospective, multi-centre, non-inferiority, randomised trial was conducted from August 2015 to September 2023 across 12 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to groups.

Retinal and Choroidal Circulation Impairments in Fanconi Anemia.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Fanconi anemia (FA) on retinal and choroidal microvasculature using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).

Design: Cohort study with age-matched controls.

Subjects And Participants: This study included 11 eyes from 11 patients diagnosed with FA and 12 eyes from 12 age-matched healthy controls.

Pediatric ECMO Outcomes in Children With Severe Infections: Does Infectious Source Matter?

Background: Although Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) utilization in pediatric patients with cardiopulmonary failure due to infection improves mortality, it is unclear whether the infectious etiology impacts outcomes. The aim of this study is to compare ECMO outcomes in children with sepsis and severe acute lung injury secondary to infections based on culture data.

Methods: A retrospective review was done of patients aged <18 with severe infections whose management included ECMO from 2013 to 2022 at a quaternary children's hospital.

miR378a-3p in serum extracellular vesicles is associated with pancreatic beta-cell mass in diabetic states.

The condition in which the insulin secretory ability of pancreatic β-cells decreases in diabetes is extremely important, but there are currently no biomarkers that reflect pancreatic β-cell failure. Therefore, we conducted a search for biomarkers, using pancreatic β-cell-specific 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) knockout mice, which develop severe hyperglycemia due to a decrease in pancreatic β-cell mass without insulin resistance. The analysis was performed in young mice when metabolic abnormalities were not yet apparent.

The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass residual volume processing technique on blood management in cardiac surgical patients.

Post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) blood processing is an important component of blood management during cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate several methods of processing post-CPB residual blood. Using a multi-institutional national database (SpecialtyCare Operative Procedural rEgistry [SCOPE]), 77,591 cardiac surgical operations performed in adults (>18 years) between January 2017 and September 2022 were reviewed.

Niche-derived Semaphorin 4A safeguards functional identity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells.

Somatic stem cell pools comprise diverse, highly specialized subsets whose individual contribution is critical for the overall regenerative function. In the bone marrow, myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (myHSCs) are indispensable for replenishment of myeloid cells and platelets during inflammatory response but, at the same time, become irreversibly damaged during inflammation and aging. Here we identify an extrinsic factor, semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), which non-cell-autonomously confers myHSC resilience to inflammatory stress.

Temporary mechanical circulatory support utilization and outcomes in cardiogenic shock phenotypes: A comparative analysis of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction.

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is marked by substantial morbidity and mortality. The two major CS etiologies include heart failure (HF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The utilization trends of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and their clinical outcomes are not well described.

Pancreatectomies with vein resection: Two large institutions' experience of East and West.

Background: The effectiveness and preferred reconstruction methods of pancreatectomy associated with vein resection (PAVR) for pancreatic cancer, especially for the extensive portal vein/superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resections (more than 4 cm), are still subjects of debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of PAVR by analyzing data from two large institutions from different regions.

Methods: From 2008 to 2018, we identified consecutive series of patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent PAVR at Karolinska University Hospital (KUH), Sweden, and Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research (JFCR), Japan.

Advancements in bispecific antibodies for multiple myeloma: What's new and what lies ahead.

Recent advancements in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment-including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and T cell-redirecting therapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)-have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, MM remains incurable, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. BsAbs, which simultaneously target a tumor-specific antigen and CD3 on T cells, have shown promising efficacy.