Deciphering the Topology of Sitagliptin Using an Integrated Approach.

Determining the structure of sitagliptin is crucial for ensuring its effectiveness and safety as a DPP-4 inhibitor used to treat type 2 diabetes. Accurate structure determination is vital for both drug development and maintaining quality control in manufacturing. This study integrates the advanced techniques of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, three-dimensional (3D) electron diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the structural intricacies of sitagliptin.

Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of Oxytocin (OT)-elicited reductions of body weight gain and adiposity in male diet-induced obese rats.

Recent studies indicate that central administration of oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight (BW) in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure (EE). Previous studies in our lab have shown that administration of OT into the fourth ventricle (4V; hindbrain) elicits weight loss and stimulates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T) in DIO rats. We hypothesized that OT-elicited stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation of IBAT contributes to its ability to activate BAT and reduce BW in DIO rats.

Lipidomics-based natural products for chronic kidney disease treatment.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is by far the most prevalent disease in the world and is now a major global public health problem because of the increase in diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Traditional biomarkers of kidney function lack sensitivity and specificity for early detection and monitoring of CKD progression, necessitating more sensitive biomarkers for early diagnostic intervention. Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of CKD.

Glutamatergic Input from Arcuate Nucleus Kiss1 Neurons to Preoptic Kiss1 Neurons is Required for LH Surge in Female Mice.

Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons are vital for maintaining fertility in the mammal. In the female rodent, Kiss1 neurons populate the anteroventral periventricular/periventricular nuclei (Kiss1AVPV/PeN) and the arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARH). Kiss1ARH neurons (a.

CDK1-loaded extracellular vesicles promote cell cycle to reverse impaired wound healing in diabetic obese mice.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate intercellular signaling to coordinate proliferation of cell types that promote re-epithelialization of skin following injury. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) drives cell division and is a key regulator of entry to cell cycle. To understand the potential of sEV-mediated delivery of CDK1 to reverse impaired wound healing, we generated CDK1-loaded sEVs (CDK1-sEVs) and evaluated their ability to mediate cell proliferation, re-epithelialization and downstream signaling responses in the wound bed.

Maternal Western Diet Programmes Bile Acid Dysregulation and Hepatic Fibrosis in Fetal and Juvenile Macaques.

Background And Aims: Maternal obesity increases the risk of the paediatric form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting up to 30% of youth, but the developmental origins remain poorly understood.

Methods: Using a Japanese macaque model, we investigated the impact of maternal Western-style diet (mWSD) or chow diet followed by postweaning WSD (pwWSD) or chow diet focusing on bile acid (BA) homeostasis and hepatic fibrosis in livers from third-trimester fetuses and 3-year-old juvenile offspring.

Results: Juveniles exposed to mWSD had increased hepatic collagen I/III content and stellate cell activation in portal regions.

Precision in Liver Diagnosis: Varied Accuracy Across Subgroups and the Need for Variable Thresholds in Diagnosis of MASLD.

Background And Aims: The performance of non-invasive liver tests (NITs) is known to vary across settings and subgroups. We systematically evaluated whether the performance of three NITs in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) varies with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status or liver enzymes.

Methods: Data from 586 adult LITMUS Metacohort participants with histologically characterised MASLD were included.

Habitual sleep duration, healthy eating, and digestive system cancer mortality.

Background: Lifestyle choices, such as dietary patterns and sleep duration, significantly impact the health of the digestive system and may influence the risk of mortality from digestive system cancer.

Methods: This study aimed to examine the associations between sleep duration, dietary habits, and mortality from digestive system cancers. The analysis included 406,584 participants from the UK Biobank cohort (54.

The Role of Inflammatory Parameters and Antibody Seroconversion on COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients with Central Obesity.

Background: Central obesity increases the risk of developing poor outcomes of COVID-19. The pro-inflammatory state and antibody dysfunction are thought to contribute to poor outcomes; however, the evidence is unclear.

Methods: This is a cohort study among COVID-19 patients with central obesity in Dr.

Mobile Phone App to Promote Lifestyle Change in People at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Feasibility 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of mobile health interventions, such as apps, are proposed to meet the challenges faced by preventive health care services due to the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, we developed and conducted initial feasibility testing of the Plunde app for promoting and monitoring individual goals related to lifestyle change for people at risk of T2D.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of an app for promoting lifestyle change in people at risk of T2D.

Clinical Features Evaluation of Myopic Fundus tessellation from OCTA and MfERG.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in fundus tessellation among various severities using multifocal visual electrophysiology (MfERG) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for clinical grading and treatment.

Methods: This study included 52 patients totaling 87 eyes. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid division method was utilized to assess Grade of fundus tessellation.

Anastomotic Leak after Esophagectomy - Analysis of the STS General Thoracic Surgery Database.

Background: Anastomotic leak after esophagectomy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify the prevalence of anastomotic leak, stratified by operative approach and disease etiology, as well as risk factors for leak.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis using the STS General Thoracic Surgery Database was conducted on patients who underwent esophagectomy with gastric reconstruction between 2009-2021.

Xanthium strumarium/gelatin methacryloyl based hydrogels with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound healing via akt/mtor pathway.

Chronic wound healing is often hindered by long-term inflammation and redox imbalance. Herbal medicine, with its rich medicinal components such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and small-molecule nutrients, has gained attention for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Xanthium strumarium (XS) is a potent anti-inflammatory herb that has shown promise in treating conditions like rhinitis and may have specific benefits for chronic skin wounds.

Diet quality components and gut microbiota of patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between the quality of the diet and its components and microbial diversity and composition in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Design And Methods: This crossectional study included PD patients for at least 3 months, aged 18-75 years and clinically stable. The Diet Quality Index (DQI), validated for the Brazilian population, is based on the energy density of 11 components ("sugar and sweets"; "beef, pork and processed meat"; "refined grains and breads"; "animal fat"; "poultry, fish and eggs"; "whole cereals, tubers and roots"; "fruits"; "non-starch vegetables"; "legumes and nuts"; "milk and dairy products"; "vegetable oil").

Pharmacological blocking of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 reduces retinal neoangiogenesis and vascular leakage.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema are leading causes of vision-loss evoked by retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. The glycoprotein microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an integrin αβ ligand present in the extracellular matrix. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal MFAP4 expression in cell-types in close proximity to vascular endothelial cells including choroidal vascular mural cells and retinal astrocytes and Müller cells.

A Comprehensive Atlas of AAV Tropism in the Mouse.

Gene therapy with Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vectors requires knowledge of their tropism within the body. Here we analyze the tropism of ten naturally occurring AAV serotypes (AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAVrh8, AAVrh10 and AAVrh74) following systemic delivery into male and female mice. A transgene expressing ZsGreen and Cre recombinase was used to identify transduction in a cell-dependent manner based on fluorescence.

Semaglutide and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in an adolescent with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase: a case report.

Background: Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, primarily due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, leads to impaired cortisol and aldosterone production and excess adrenal androgens. Lifelong glucocorticoid therapy is required, often necessitating supraphysiological doses in youth to manage androgen excess and growth acceleration. These patients experience higher obesity rates, hypertension, and glucose metabolism issues, complicating long-term health management.

Differences between private and public primary health care centers and differences between men and women in antihypertensive care and cardiovascular prevention in all patients with hypertension treated in primary care in Stockholm County, Sweden.

Aims: To study differences in cardiovascular prevention and hypertension management in primary care in men and women, with comparisons between public and privately operated primary health care (PHC).

Methods: We used register data from Region Stockholm on collected prescribed medication and registered diagnoses, to identify patients aged 30 years and above with hypertension. Age-adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CIs) using public PHC centers as referents.

Relationship between plasma urea and copeptin in response to arginine stimulation in healthy adults, patients with vasopressin deficiency and primary polydipsia.

Background: Arginine infusion stimulates copeptin secretion, a surrogate marker of arginine vasopressin (AVP), thereby serving as a diagnostic test in the differential diagnosis of suspected AVP deficiency (AVP-D). Yet, the precise mechanism underlying the stimulatory effect of arginine on the vasopressinergic system remains elusive. Arginine plays a significant role in the urea cycle and increases the production of urea.

Osilodrostat improves blood pressure and glycemic control in patients with Cushing's disease: a pooled analysis of LINC 3 and LINC 4 studies.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of osilodrostat and hypercortisolism control on blood pressure (BP) and glycemic control in patients with Cushing's disease.

Methods: Pooled analysis of two Phase III osilodrostat studies (LINC 3 and LINC 4), both comprising a 48-week core phase and an optional open-label extension. Changes from baseline in systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA) were evaluated during osilodrostat treatment in patients with/without hypertension or diabetes at baseline.

Selective resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus in pituitary surgery: results of a prospective single center analysis.

Purpose: Pituitary adenomas, despite their histologically benign nature, can severely impact patients' quality of life due to hormone hypersecretion. Invasion of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS) by these tumors complicates surgical outcomes, lowering biochemical remission rates and increasing recurrence. This study aims to share our institutional experience with the selective resection of the MWCS in endoscopic pituitary surgery.

Clinical and biochemical factors associated with amygdalar metabolic activity.

We investigated clinical factors and biochemical markers associated with amygdalar metabolic activity evaluated by [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in 346 subjects without a history of malignant neoplasms. Univariate regression analysis revealed significant relationships between amygdalar metabolic activity and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin, coronary artery disease (CAD) history, aspirin use, oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) use, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). In multiple stepwise regression analysis, FPG and CAD history were independently associated with amygdalar metabolic activity.

Maternal and neonatal outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery among women with severe obesity.

Background: Earlier evidence indicated that metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) may adversely affect neonatal outcomes among patients conceiving soon after MBS, but recent studies demonstrated conflicting results, especially for new surgical techniques.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MBS types and surgery to birth interval on maternal, birth, and nonbirth outcomes in women with severe obesity.

Setting: New York State's all-payer hospital discharge database (2008-2019).

Ethnic disparities in HbA1c and hypoglycemia among youth with type 1 diabetes: beyond access to technology, social deprivation and mean blood glucose.

Introduction: The UK national pediatric diabetes audit reports higher HbA1c for children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) of Black ethnicity compared with White counterparts. This is presumably related to higher mean blood glucose (MBG) due to lower socioeconomic status (SES) and less access to technology. We aimed to determine if HbA1c ethnic disparity persists after accounting for the above variables.