Experimental Pain Sensitivity and Parental Pain Catastrophizing.

Background/objectives: Variability in biopsychosocial factors can explain the interindividual variability in pain. One factor that can impact pain is the pain catastrophizing level. Interestingly, parental pain catastrophizing is related to the severity of the clinical pain of their children.

Machine learning prediction of brain metastasis invasion pattern on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Background: Brain metastasis invasion pattern (BMIP) is an emerging biomarker associated with recurrence-free and overall survival in patients, and differential response to therapy in preclinical models. Currently, BMIP can only be determined from the histopathological examination of surgical specimens, precluding its use as a biomarker prior to therapy initiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of machine learning (ML) approaches to develop a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarker for BMIP determination.

Temporal Transitions of the Hyperinflammatory and Hypoinflammatory Phenotypes in Critical Illness.

Rationale: Systemic molecular phenotypes of critical illness are prognostically informative, yet their temporal kinetics and implications of changing phenotypes remain incompletely understood.

Objectives: To determine the temporal nature of the Hyperinflammatory and Hypoinflammatory phenotypes and assess the impact of transition between the phenotypes on mortality.

Methods: We used data from one prospective observational cohort (MARS) and two randomized controlled trials in ARDS (ALVEOLI) and sepsis (CLOVERS).

The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Endogenous metabolic pathways periodically adjust with fluctuations in day and night, a biological process known as circadian rhythm. Time-restricted eating (TRE) aligns the time of food intake with the circadian rhythm. This study aims to investigate the effects of TRE on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Endotracheal Lidocaine for Endotracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Children.

Introduction: Critically ill pediatric patients are endotracheally intubated in pediatric intensive care units for a variety of illnesses and indications. Management of an endotracheal tube (ETT) requires suctioning to remove patient secretions and prevent occlusion, but this practice can be associated with adverse events, such as hemodynamic deterioration or increases in intracranial pressure. Instillation of lidocaine into the ETT before suctioning may be beneficial in preventing these events.

Precision Medicine in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Progress, Challenges, and the Road ahead.

Several novel high-dimensional biologic measurements are increasingly being applied to biomedical sciences. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a theoretically fertile ground for such approaches. Not only are these biologic and analytic tools available to better understand ARDS but also arguably, simpler approaches such as respiratory physiology has been vastly underutilized as a means of delivering precision-based care in the field.

Efficacy of weekly versus daily cholecalciferol for repleting serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background/rationale: Weekly cholecalciferol can replace daily supplementation to reduce pill burden in patients with complex medication regimens and hypovitaminosis D, but evidence supporting this switch is unclear.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether weekly cholecalciferol was superior to daily cholecalciferol to replete patients with hypovitaminosis D.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials involving participants with baseline hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/ml) comparing weekly versus daily cholecalciferol dosing and where serum cholecalciferol was measured within 120 days of starting treatment.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Effect of Tariquidar on Ondansetron Disposition into the Central Nervous System.

Purpose: Serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists are promising agents for treatment of neuropathic pain. However, insufficient drug exposure at the central nervous system (CNS) might result in lack of efficacy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of administration of a Pgp inhibitor (tariquidar) on ondansetron exposure in the brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid in a wild-type rat model.

Causes and attributable fraction of death from ARDS in inflammatory phenotypes of sepsis.

Background: Hypoinflammatory and hyperinflammatory phenotypes have been identified in both Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. Attributable mortality of ARDS in each phenotype of sepsis is yet to be determined. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction of death from ARDS (PAF) in hypoinflammatory and hyperinflammatory sepsis, and to determine the primary cause of death within each phenotype.

Case Report: Primary Cutaneous Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Cosmetic Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole.

BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, but cases in immunocompetent patients are rare. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis (PCH) is a challenging diagnosis due to its clinical polymorphism and can mimic other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Previous cases of PCH have been reported in immunocompetent patients with underlying medical conditions or trauma history.

Oral Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Increases Parasympathetic Activity and Supraspinal Conditioned Pain Modulation in Chronic Neuropathic Pain Male Patients: A Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Disordered autonomic nervous system regulation and supraspinal pain inhibition have been repeatedly described in chronic pain. We aimed to explore the effects of δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an emerging treatment option, on autonomic nervous system and central pain modulation measures in patients with chronic pain.

Methods: Twelve male patients with chronic radicular neuropathic pain participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-administration trial.

Individualized Treatment Effects of Oxygen Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adults.

Importance: Among critically ill adults, randomized trials have not found oxygenation targets to affect outcomes overall. Whether the effects of oxygenation targets differ based on an individual's characteristics is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether an individual's characteristics modify the effect of lower vs higher peripheral oxygenation-saturation (Spo2) targets on mortality.

How Sex Hormones Affect Migraine: An Interdisciplinary Preclinical Research Panel Review.

Sex hormones and migraine are closely interlinked. Women report higher levels of migraine symptoms during periods of sex hormone fluctuation, particularly during puberty, pregnancy, and perimenopause. Ovarian steroids, such as estrogen and progesterone, exert complex effects on the peripheral and central nervous systems, including pain, a variety of special sensory and autonomic functions, and affective processing.

Molecular Phenotypes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the ROSE Trial Have Differential Outcomes and Gene Expression Patterns That Differ at Baseline and Longitudinally over Time.

Two molecular phenotypes have been identified in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the ROSE (Reevaluation of Systemic Early Neuromuscular Blockade) trial of cisatracurium in moderate to severe ARDS, we addressed three unanswered questions: ) Do the same phenotypes emerge in a more severe ARDS cohort with earlier recruitment; ) Do phenotypes respond differently to neuromuscular blockade? and ) What biological pathways most differentiate inflammatory phenotypes? We performed latent class analysis in ROSE using preenrollment clinical and protein biomarkers. In a subset of patients ( = 134), we sequenced whole-blood RNA using enrollment and Day 2 samples and performed differential gene expression and pathway analyses.

A novel theta-controlled vibrotactile brain-computer interface to treat chronic pain: a pilot study.

Limitations in chronic pain therapies necessitate novel interventions that are effective, accessible, and safe. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a promising modality for targeting neuropathology underlying chronic pain by converting recorded neural activity into perceivable outputs. Recent evidence suggests that increased frontal theta power (4-7 Hz) reflects pain relief from chronic and acute pain.

Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome May Predict Future Cardiovascular Disease.

Obesity in adolescence is associated with significant morbidity and predisposes adolescents to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a number of traditional CVD risk factors have been identified in youth, limited data exist regarding non-traditional CVD risk factors. In 89 adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS), with 60 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched controls, we determined the non-traditional CVD risk factors (hs-CRP, TG/HDL ratio, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, NAFLD) in order to investigate whether they may be used as biomarkers for predicting future CVD, and we evaluated their response to the implementation of a multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program for 1 year.

The influence of a quick educational video intervention on COVID-19-related knowledge in Ecuador.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has spread worldwide. Since its discovery, health measures have been put in place to help stop it from spreading. Proper education about COVID-19 is important because it helps people to follow health control measures and learn more about the disease.