Enhancing public health outcomes with AI-powered clinical surveillance: Precise detection of COVID-19 variants using qPCR and nanopore sequencing.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of integrating the Varia5 multiplex assay (qPCR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for monitoring SARS-CoV-2, focusing on their overall performance in identifying various virus variants.

Methods: This study included 140 naso-pharyngeal swab samples from individuals with suspected COVID-19. We utilized our self-developed Varia5 multiplex assay, which targets five viral genes linked to COVID-19 mutations, in conjunction with comprehensive genomic analysis performed through whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Oxford Nanopore system.

AI-Driven Innovations for Early Sepsis Detection by Combining Predictive Accuracy With Blood Count Analysis in an Emergency Setting: Retrospective Study.

Background: Sepsis, a critical global health challenge, accounted for approximately 20% of worldwide deaths in 2017. Although the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score standardizes the diagnosis of organ dysfunction, early sepsis detection remains challenging due to its insidious symptoms. Current diagnostic methods, including clinical assessments and laboratory tests, frequently lack the speed and specificity needed for timely intervention, particularly in vulnerable populations such as older adults, intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and those with compromised immune systems.

Point-of-Care Potassium Measurement vs Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiography for Hyperkalemia Detection.

Background: Hyperkalemia can be detected by point-of-care (POC) blood testing and by artificial intelligence- enabled electrocardiography (ECG). These 2 methods of detecting hyperkalemia have not been compared.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of POC and ECG potassium measurements for hyperkalemia detection in patients with critical illness.

Durable lymphocyte subset elimination upon a single dose of AAV-delivered depletion antibody dissects immune control of chronic viral infection.

To interrogate the role of specific immune cells in infection, cancer, and autoimmunity, immunologists commonly use monoclonal depletion antibodies (depletion-mAbs) or genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). To generate a tool that combines specific advantages and avoids select drawbacks of the two methods, we engineered adeno-associated viral vectors expressing depletion mAbs (depletion-AAVs). Single-dose depletion-AAV administration durably eliminated lymphocyte subsets in mice and avoided accessory deficiencies of GEMMs, such as marginal zone defects in B cell-deficient animals.

Clinical Relevance of Computational Pathology Analysis of Interplay Between Kidney Microvasculature and Interstitial Microenvironment.

Background: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), and density and shape of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), are independently prognostic of disease progression. This study aimed to identify novel digital biomarkers of disease progression and assess the clinical relevance of the interplay between a variety of PTC characteristics and their microenvironment in glomerular diseases.

Methods: A total of 344 NEPTUNE/CureGN participants were included: 112 minimal change disease, 134 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 61 membranous nephropathy, and 37 IgA nephropathy.

Linking Antibodies Against Apolipoprotein A-1 to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in Mice.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) is a common liver and health issue associated with heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with Cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) as a marker of liver injury across the MASLD to cirrhosis spectrum. Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (AAA-1s) predict increased CVD risk, promoting atherosclerosis and liver steatosis in apoE-/- mice, though their impact on liver inflammation and fibrosis remains unclear. This study examined AAA-1s' impact on low-grade inflammation, liver steatosis, and fibrosis using a MASLD mouse model exposed to AAA-1s passive immunization (PI).

Computational staining of CD3/CD20 positive lymphocytes in human tissues with experimental confirmation in a genetically engineered mouse model.

Introduction: Immune dysregulation plays a major role in cancer progression. The quantification of lymphocytic spatial inflammation may enable spatial system biology, improve understanding of therapeutic resistance, and contribute to prognostic imaging biomarkers.

Methods: In this paper, we propose a knowledge-guided deep learning framework to measure the lymphocytic spatial architecture on human H&E tissue, where the fidelity of training labels is maximized through single-cell resolution image registration of H&E to IHC.

Acquired bla carried by a conjugative transposon or duplicated intrinsic bla mediates cefiderocol resistance in Elizabethkingia anophelis clinical isolates.

Objectives: Elizabethkingia spp. are resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to determine in vitro and in vivo activities of cefiderocol against Elizabethkingia spp.

Pioneering Klebsiella Pneumoniae Antibiotic Resistance Prediction With Artificial Intelligence-Clinical Decision Support System-Enhanced Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Retrospective Study.

Background: The rising prevalence and swift spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), especially Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), present a critical global health threat highlighted by the World Health Organization, with mortality rates soaring approximately 50% with inappropriate antimicrobial treatment.

Objective: This study aims to advance a novel strategy to develop an artificial intelligence-clinical decision support system (AI-CDSS) that combines machine learning (ML) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), aiming to significantly improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosing antibiotic resistance, directly addressing the grave health risks posed by the widespread dissemination of pan drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria across numerous countries.

Methods: A comprehensive dataset comprising 165,299 bacterial specimens and 11,996 KP isolates was meticulously analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS technology.

Subaxial cervical foraminal chondromas: case-based discussion on surgical management.

Cervical foraminal chondromas are benign lesions that may require surgical resection when symptomatic due to radicular and/or spinal cord compression. The aim of surgery is to achieve gross tumor removal while preserving neurological function and spine stability. The authors describe a case of subaxial foraminal chondroma with a systematic review of the literature on patients with cervical chondromas.

Pioglitazone increases risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin.

Aim: Studies evaluating the cardiovascular safety of pioglitazone show inconsistent results and ischemic heart disease (IHD) risks associated with different anti-diabetic drugs added to metformin uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not assessed. This study aimed to evaluate IHD risk associated with pioglitazone and/or insulin added to patients with metformin uncontrolled T2DM.

Methods: Data were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.

Effectiveness of fractionated rituximab in preventing tumor lysis syndrome in aggressive B-cell lymphoma: Insights from real-life clinical practice.

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from the rapid destruction of malignant cells, leading to electrolyte imbalances and severe complications, such as acute kidney injury, arrhythmias, and seizures. TLS can be managed through hyperhydration, urate-lowering treatments, and a steroid prophase strategy.

Aims: This study aims to explore the impact of fractionated rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, on the occurrence and severity of TLS during the initial cycle in patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL).

Characterization of arteriosclerosis based on computer-aided measurements of intra-arterial thickness.

Purpose: Our purpose is to develop a computer vision approach to quantify intra-arterial thickness on digital pathology images of kidney biopsies as a computational biomarker of arteriosclerosis.

Approach: The severity of the arteriosclerosis was scored (0 to 3) in 753 arteries from 33 trichrome-stained whole slide images (WSIs) of kidney biopsies, and the outer contours of the media, intima, and lumen were manually delineated by a renal pathologist. We then developed a multi-class deep learning (DL) framework for segmenting the different intra-arterial compartments (training dataset: 648 arteries from 24 WSIs; testing dataset: 105 arteries from 9 WSIs).

EPS T14 from Prevents Infection of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells by Respiratory Viruses.

Background: Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of severe diseases and mortality; therefore, novel treatments effective for their prevention are highly requested. Here, we identified a broad-spectrum antiviral activity of a natural exopolysaccharide, EPS T14, purified from a marine thermotolerant strain of strain T14.

Methods: The effects on human normal nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) following treatment with EPS T14 was evaluated at different time points and with increasing concentration of compound.

Real-world impact of emicizumab and immunosuppression on acquired hemophilia A: a multicenter US cohort.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder that is caused by factor VIII (FVIII) autoantibodies with high morbidity and mortality due to bleeding and complications from immunosuppression (IST). To address the real-world implications of the FVIII mimetic antibody, emicizumab, and the role of IST, we retrospectively collected de-identified data on 62 patients with AHA who were treated off-label with emicizumab for a median of 10 weeks at 12 US-based hemophilia treatment centers. Most patients (95.

Factors derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells reverse neurological deficits in a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease.

Background/purpose: Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit therapeutic efficacy for brain injury. This study examined the effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on alleviating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: SHED were isolated to examine the biosafety and bioavailability of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-derived conditioned medium (SHED-CM) for the alleviation of PD symptoms in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD zebrafish model.

BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis.

Remyelination is a crucial regenerative process in demyelinating diseases, limiting persisting damage to the central nervous system (CNS). It restores saltatory nerve conduction and ensures trophic support of axons. In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, remyelination has been observed in both white and grey matter and found to be more efficient in the cortex.

A case series of prenatal hepatic hilar cyst in the presence of a gallbladder - navigating the dilemma between biliary atresia and choledochal cyst.

Background: Prenatally diagnosed hepatic hilar cysts are a challenging finding for the clinician. They can either be a sign of cystic biliary atresia (BA) or a choledochal cyst (CC), two diagnoses with different postnatal management and prognosis. Based on a case report of four patients, we aim to propose a management algorithm for prenatally diagnosed "hepatic hilar cysts".