Automated image quality assessment for selecting among multiple magnetic resonance image acquisitions in the German National Cohort study.

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the perception of substandard image quality may prompt repetition of the respective image acquisition protocol. Subsequently selecting the preferred high-quality image data from a series of acquisitions can be challenging. An automated workflow may facilitate and improve this selection.

Encrypted federated learning for secure decentralized collaboration in cancer image analysis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a multitude of applications in cancer research and oncology. However, the training of AI systems is impeded by the limited availability of large datasets due to data protection requirements and other regulatory obstacles. Federated and swarm learning represent possible solutions to this problem by collaboratively training AI models while avoiding data transfer.

Potential of Fecal Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Noninvasive Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is more abundant in feces than in serum; however, evidence for the role of fecal CEA (FCEA) in the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. We conducted a systematic review of studies that evaluated FCEA for the noninvasive detection and diagnosis of CRC. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published until 18 January 2023.

C-Type Lectin-like Receptor 2 Expression Is Decreased upon Platelet Activation and Is Lower in Most Tumor Entities Compared to Healthy Controls.

The C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is expressed on platelets and mediates binding to podoplanin (PDPN) on various cell types. The binding to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) leads to platelet activation and promotes metastatic spread. An increased level of soluble CLEC-2 (sCLEC-2), presumably released from activated platelets, was shown in patients with thromboinflammatory and malignant disease.

Diabetes mellitus in long-term survivors with colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer: Prevalence and prognosis. A population-based study.

Background: Patients with cancer are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous studies on the prevalence and prognostic impact of DM in cancer survivors were limited by small sample sizes or short follow-up times. We aimed to compare the patient-reported prevalence of DM in long-term cancer survivors (LTCS), who survived 5 years or more after cancer diagnosis, with that in cancer-free controls, and to estimate the mortality risk among LTCS according to DM status.

Clinical performance study of a fecal bacterial signature test for colorectal cancer screening.

The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is the most widely used test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. RAID-CRC Screen is a new non-invasive test based on fecal bacterial markers, developed to complement FIT by increasing its specificity. The test was previously clinically evaluated in FIT-positive patients (>20 μg of hemoglobin/g of feces, "FIT20"), in which it reduced the proportion of false positive results by 16.

Regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease and its classic risk factors: an analysis of 49 cohorts from 11 European countries.

Aims: The regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its classic risk factors are unknown. The current study examined these associations in different European regions over a 30-year period.

Methods And Results: The study sample comprised 553 818 individuals from 49 cohorts in 11 European countries (baseline: 1982-2012) who were followed up for a maximum of 10 years.

CpG-biomarkers in tumor tissue and prediction models for the survival of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and external validation study.

The research aimed to identify previously published CpG-methylation-based prognostic biomarkers and prediction models for colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis and validate them in a large external cohort. A systematic search was conducted, analyzing 298 unique CpGs and 12 CpG-based prognostic models from 28 studies. After adjustment for clinical variables, 48 CpGs and five prognostic models were confirmed to be associated with survival.

Subjective cognitive complaints and blood biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) have been mostly studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease in memory clinic settings. The potential of combining SCC with genetic information and blood biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases for risk assessment of dementia and depression in the absence of dementia among community-dwelling older adults has so far not been explored.

Methods: Data were based on a population-based cohort of 6357 participants with a 17-year follow-up (ESTHER study) and a clinic-based cohort of 422 patients.

Associations of ethylene oxide exposure and "Life's Essential 8".

Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a widely used industrial chemical with recognized health risks. While its carcinogenic properties have been extensively studied, emerging evidence suggests potential associations with cardiovascular diseases. Using the recently introduced Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score as a comprehensive cardiovascular health (CVH) measure, this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between EtO exposure and CVH.

Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and the risk of hyperuricemia in adults: a population-based investigation.

Objective: This investigation sought to elucidate the potential correlation between a recently characterized adiposity metric, termed the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index (WWI) and hyperuricemia.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study, featuring both hyperuricemic and non-hyperuricemic subjects with complete WWI data, sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2017 to March 2020. WWI was calculated utilizing the formula which involves the division of waist circumference (WC) by the square root of the body weight.

Personalized Initial Screening Age for Colorectal Cancer in Individuals at Average Risk.

Importance: Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk varies widely in the population at average risk without a family history, but there are no established routines for translating this variation into personalized starting ages of screening.

Objective: To illustrate derivation of risk-adapted starting ages of CRC screening based on the concept of risk advancement period (RAP) using sex and a polygenic risk score (PRS) as an example.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included participants in the UK Biobank study recruited in England, Wales, and Scotland between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010.

Colorectal cancer: A health and economic problem.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and accounts for approximately 1.9 million cancer cases each year (10% of all new cancer cases globally). Incidence strongly increases with age and has been traditionally highest in Western, affluent countries, but it is rapidly increasing in many less developed countries and in younger generations in both developed and developing countries.

Reduction in colorectal cancer incidence by screening endoscopy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates decreased by up to 50% in older age groups in the USA in the era of the widespread uptake of screening colonoscopy, despite adverse trends in CRC risk factors and increasing CRC incidence at younger ages. However, reported first results from a randomized trial, the NordICC study, suggested rather modest effects of screening colonoscopy. As outlined in this Perspective, the apparent discrepancy between real-world and trial evidence could be explained by strong attenuation of effect estimates from screening endoscopy trials by several factors, including limited screening adherence, widespread uptake of colonoscopy outside the screening offers and the inclusion of prevalent, non-preventable CRC cases in reported numbers of incident cases.