Hydrogel coils in intracranial aneurysm treatment: a multicenter, prospective, randomized open-label trial.

Objective: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hydrogel-coated coils (HGCs) to achieve the composite endpoint of decreased recanalization rates and greater safety. Herein, the authors aimed to assess the true ability of second-generation HGCs to prevent recanalization.

Methods: This randomized controlled study, the HYBRID (Hydrocoil Versus Bare Platinum Coil in Recanalization Imaging Data) trial, comparing HGCs with bare platinum coils (BPCs), was conducted in 43 Japanese institutions.

Psilocybin-assisted massed cognitive processing therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: Protocol for an open-label pilot feasibility trial.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 3.9% of the general population. While massed cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic PTSD, a substantial proportion of patients still continue to meet PTSD criteria after treatment, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Safety and effectiveness of an herbal decoction (modified Saengmaeksan) in hypertensive patients: Protocol for a real-world prospective observational study.

Objective: Hypertension, a common chronic disease, often leads to serious complications. While conventional management relies on antihypertensive drugs, which can cause side effects and adherence issues, alternative treatments like herbal medicine are gaining attention. This study examines the efficacy and safety of modified Saengmaeksan, an East Asian herbal remedy, in treating hypertension.

Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein in combination with C-reactive protein for predicting endoscopic activity in Crohn's disease: a single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) is a novel biomarker for Crohn's disease (CD). The utility of combination use of LRG and C-reactive protein (CRP) has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of LRG in combination with CRP to predict endoscopic activity.

Experiences of Patients and Families Living with Krabbe Disease.

The challenges faced by patients with Krabbe disease remain unelucidated. This study aimed to identify these challenges and facilitate the development of methods for assessing the quality of life. This qualitative descriptive study used in-person or online semistructured interviews from March to December 2022 using a qualitative content analysis approach.

Creating pragmatic, rapid-cycle, evidence-based innovation: The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Delivery Science and Applied Research (DARE) program.

Introduction: Ongoing crises in the quality, affordability, sustainability, value, and equity of U.S. healthcare call for rapid, massive-scale innovations across multiple specialties.

Comparison of sample characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants with the Wisconsin state population-An evaluation of the recruitment effort.

Introduction: Understanding how a research sample compares to the population from which it is drawn can help inform future recruitment planning. We compared the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participant sample to the Wisconsin state population (WI-pop) on key demographic, social exposome, and vascular risk measures.

Methods: The WADRC sample included 930 participants.

Plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, astrogliosis, and axonal injury in a mixed memory clinic cohort.

Introduction: Studies have shown that blood biomarkers can differentiate dementia disorders. However, the diagnosis of dementia still relies primarily on cerebrospinal fluid and imaging modalities. The new disease-modifying treatments call for more widely applicable biomarkers.

Association of Rate of Functional Recovery With Therapy Time and Content Among Adults With Acquired Brain Injuries in Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Objective: To examine associations among the time and content of rehabilitation treatment with self-care and mobility functional gain rate for adults with acquired brain injury.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record and administrative billing data.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation unit at a large, academic medical center.

Impact of procedural and patient-related risks on 1-year outcomes for patients treated with 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after biodegradable-polymer drug-eluting stent implantation.

In clinical practice, the impact of procedural or patient-related risk factors on 1-year clinical outcomes in patients receiving 1-month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. Using data from the multi-center REIWA registry which included patients treated with thin-strut biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stent (BP-DES) and 1-month DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy, we assessed the primary endpoint (a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and major or minor bleeding) in patients with and without procedural (treatment of three vessels, three or more lesions, three or more stents, bifurcation with two stents, long stenting, and target of chronic total occlusion) and patient-related risk factor (renal insufficiency, anemia, peripheral vascular disease, prior or current history of heart failure and advanced age of ≥ 75 years). Among the 1,202 patients who underwent complete revascularization by PCI, 276 (23.

Clinical Relevance of 'Cap' and 'Track' Development after Recent Small Subcortical Infarct.

Objective: After a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI), some patients develop perilesional or remote hyperintensities ('caps/tracks') to the index infarct on T2/FLAIR MRI. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We investigated the clinicoradiological correlates of 'caps/tracks', and their impact on long-term outcomes following RSSI.

Targeted sputum sequencing for rapid and broad drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Purpose: Rapid detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from clinical samples facilitates the timely provision of optimal treatment regimens for tuberculosis (TB) patients.

Methods: In November, 2023, the WHO released its second catalogue of resistance-conferring mutations in Mtb. Utilizing this information, we developed a single 17-plex PCR assay covering 16 key resistance genes and modified thermo-protection buffer to amplify 30 kbp DNA directly from sputum samples for nanopore sequencing.

Efficacy of anifrolumab on systemic lupus erythematosus patients with serological manifestations: A post hoc analysis of the Japan subgroup of the TULIP-2 Trial.

Objectives: To describe the efficacy of anifrolumab vs. placebo in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low complement (C3 or C4) and/or who are positive for anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies.

Methods: This was a descriptive post hoc analysis of Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations in the TULIP-2 trial who received either anifrolumab or placebo.

A Review of Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Amikacin Population Pharmacokinetic Models in Neonates and Infants.

Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models are an essential tool when implementing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and to overcome dosing challenges in neonates in clinical practice. Since vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin are among the most prescribed antibiotics for the neonatal population, we aimed to characterize the popPK models of these antibiotics and the covariates that may influence the pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates and infants with no previous pathologies. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and the bibliographies of relevant articles from inception to the beginning of February 2024.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody VRC07523LS in Newborn Infants Exposed to HIV-1.

Background: Vertical HIV-1 transmission despite antiretroviral therapy may be mitigated by use of long-acting, broadly neutralizing, monoclonal antibodies (bNAb) such as VRC07523LS. The present study was designed to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of VRC07523LS.

Methods: VRC07523LS, 80 mg/dose, was administered subcutaneously after birth to non-breastfed (Cohort 1; N=11, enrolled in USA) and breastfed (Cohort 2; N=11, enrolled in South Africa and Zimbabwe) infants exposed to HIV-1.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes after implementation of a more active management in late- and postterm pregnancies in Sweden: A population-based cohort study.

Background: The risk of perinatal death and severe neonatal morbidity increases gradually after 41 weeks of pregnancy. We evaluated maternal and perinatal outcomes after a national shift from expectancy and induction at 42+0 weeks to a more active management of late-term pregnancies in Sweden offering induction from 41+0 weeks or an individual plan aiming at birth or active labour no later than 42+0 weeks.

Methods And Findings: Women with a singleton pregnancy lasting 41+0 weeks or more with a fetus in cephalic presentation (N = 150,370) were included in a nationwide, register-based cohort study.

Subcytotoxic transepidermal delivery using low intensity cold atmospheric plasma.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been utilized in various medical devices using its oxidative nature. Recent studies have provided evidence that CAP can facilitate the delivery of large, hydrophilic molecules through the epidermis to the dermis. On the other hand, a new approach called low-intensity CAP (LICAP) has been developed, allowing the plasma level to be controlled within a subtoxic range, thereby demonstrating various biological benefits without tissue damage.

In Silico Evaluation of Algorithm-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Integrating algorithm-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems poses significant challenges in evaluating their actual clinical value. Such CDS systems are traditionally assessed via controlled but resource-intensive clinical trials.

Objective: This paper presents a review protocol for preimplementation in silico evaluation methods to enable broadened impact analysis under simulated environments before clinical trials.

Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between social support and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: Despite the established link between social support and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, few studies have examined racial/ethnic variation in these associations. This study utilized data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) to investigate racial/ethnic differences in perceived social support and in the link between support and incident hard CVD events and mortality.

Method: Participants (N = 6,814) were 45-84 years of age who identified as White, Black, Hispanic/Latino, or Chinese without known clinical CVD at baseline (2000-2002).

Gut microbial dysbiosis, IgA, and Enterococcus in common variable immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation.

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Significant morbidity and mortality are caused by immune dysregulation complications (CVIDid), which affect around one-third of CVID patients and have a poorly understood etiology. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the inflammation underlying CVIDid.

Use of implementation logic models in the Quadruple Aim QUERI: conceptualization and evolution.

Background: Implementation strategies are essential to deliver evidence-based programs that align with local context, resources, priorities, and preferences. However, it is not always clear how specific strategies are selected (vs. others) and strategies are not always operationalized clearly, distinctly, and dynamically.

Epidemiology of transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis: a systematic literature review.

Introduction: Significant advances in the treatment of transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis has led to an evolving understanding of the epidemiology of this condition. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to synthesize current evidence on epidemiology and mortality outcomes in ATTR amyloidosis, addressing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its current global impact.

Methods: An SLR of the literature from January 2018 to April 2023 was conducted using the Medline and Embase databases.

Long-Term Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable Dementia in SPRINT.

Background And Objectives: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial suggested that intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreases the risk of developing dementia. However, an insufficient number of probable dementia cases stemming from the trial's early termination made results inconclusive. The goal of this study was to estimate the effect of intensive vs standard SBP lowering on the longer term incidence of cognitive impairment leveraging extended follow-up for cognitive status.

Regulation of Fibroblast Phenotype in Osteoarthritis Using CDKN1A-Loaded Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Delivered by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fibroblast phenotypes by MSCs delivering copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with CDKN1A plasmids and their role in cartilage repair during osteoarthritis (OA). Single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GEO database were analyzed to identify subpopulations within the OA immune microenvironment. Quality control, filtering, PCA dimensionality reduction, and tSNE clustering were performed to obtain detailed cell subtypes.

Muscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.

Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.