An observational study evaluating the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared to a combination of indoor residual spraying (IRS) plus standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019-2023.

Introduction: National malaria programmes must weigh the relative benefits of different vector control and elimination tools to prioritise resource allocation with the greatest impact. This study assesses the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (PBO ITN-only arm) compared with the combination of two annual non-pyrethroid indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns and standard pyrethroid ITNs (IRS+Standard Pyrethroid ITN arm) in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Methods: An open-label, stratified block-cluster randomised trial was designed to compare the impacts of the two intervention arms.

Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Patients With Psoriasis: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease primarily treated through molecular-targeted therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions may also play a role in managing inflammation associated with this condition. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), prevalent in southern European countries, has been widely recognized for its ability to reduce cardiovascular mortality, largely due to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Tap Water from the American Healthy Homes Survey II.

Humans experience widespread exposure to anthropogenic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through various media, which can lead to a wide range of negative health impacts. Tap water is an important source of exposure in communities with any degree of contamination but routine or large-scale PFAS monitoring often depends on targeted analytical methods limited to measuring specific PFAS. We analyzed 680 tap water samples from the American Healthy Homes Survey II for PFAS using non-targeted analysis (NTA) to expand the range of detectable PFAS.

An Automated Approach for Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Generation─Graph Measures and Characterization.

In 2020, nearly 3 million scientific and engineering papers were published worldwide (White, K. Publications Output: U.S.

Characteristics of injury deaths among homeless and non-homeless US veterans (2017-2021).

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess whether experiencing homelessness may be associated with future risk of injury death and characterise these injury deaths by homelessness status among veterans who received healthcare through the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6 128 921 veterans (399 125 homeless and 5 729 796 non-homeless) who received VA healthcare between 2017 and 2020 and were followed until 2021 using linked data from VA's Corporate Data Warehouse, Homeless Operations Management System and the VA/Department of Defense Joint Mortality Data Repository. Injury death rates were estimated by homelessness status with 95% CIs using the exact Poisson method.

Maternal mental health matters: Indicators for perinatal mental health-A scoping review.

Perinatal mental health disorders are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in childbearing women. The World Health Organization recommends all women be screened for mental health disorders postnatally and have diagnostic and management services available. There are, however, currently no global indicators in use which measure the status and progress of perinatal mental health.

Photochemical Evolution of Alanine in Association with the Martian Soil Analog Montmorillonite: Insights Derived from Experiments Conducted on the International Space Station.

The (PSS) experiment was part of the European Space Agency's mission and was conducted on the International Space Station from 2014 to 2016. The PSS experiment investigated the properties of montmorillonite clay as a protective shield against degradation of organic compounds that were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in space. Additionally, we examined the potential for montmorillonite to catalyze UV-induced breakdown of the amino acid alanine and its potential to trap the resulting photochemical byproducts within its interlayers.

Operationalising a Haemophilia Gene Editing Lexicon for Practical Use.

Introduction: Gene editing therapies offer the possibility of substantial improvement in treatment and quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) in a landscape of dynamic therapeutic advancement. Developing a common and understandable language to discuss gene editing will be essential to ensure these treatments can be deployed in a safe and effective manner with fully informed and shared decision-making between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PWH. A lexicon explaining and clarifying key concepts is one potential tool to address these aims.

Assessment of Four Essential Features of the Alive & Thrive Initiative to Improve Maternal, Infant, Young Child, and Adolescent Nutrition.

Alive & Thrive has been a major global nutrition initiative that aimed to learn how to improve maternal, infant, young child, and adolescent nutrition and health on a large scale. During 2009-2014, Alive & Thrive developed and implemented interventions to improve infant and young child feeding at scale in three countries. Subsequently, Alive & Thrive expanded its work to more than 15 geographies, including six country-specific and two regional programs, to additionally address maternal and adolescent nutrition while adding agriculture and social protection programs to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition.

Characterization of Pancreatic Collagen-Expressing Fibroblasts in Mouse Acute Pancreatitis.

Background And Aims: Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are critical mediators in chronic pancreatitis with an undefined role in acute pancreatitis (AP). PSCs consist of a heterogenous group of cells and are considered interchangeable with pancreatic fibroblasts. This study explored the heterogeneous nature of PSCs by characterizing pancreatic collagen-expressing fibroblasts (PCFs) via lineage tracing in mouse normal and AP pancreas and determining the effect of PCF depletion in AP.

The association of travel distance and other patient characteristics with breast cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment completion at a rural Rwandan cancer facility.

Background: Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) was founded to serve Rwanda's rural low-income population, providing subsidized cancer diagnosis and treatment with transport stipends for the lowest-income patients. We examined whether travel distance to BCCOE was associated with advanced-stage diagnoses and treatment completion.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical record data from BCCOE patients with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer from 2012-2016.

Consensus recommendations for measuring the impact of contraception on the menstrual cycle in contraceptive clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to develop consensus recommendations for measurement and analysis of data on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) in contraceptive clinical trials. We built upon previous standardization efforts over the last 50 years and prioritized input from a variety of global experts and current regulatory authority guidance on patient-reported outcomes.

Study Design: We completed a formal consensus-building process with an interdisciplinary group of 57 experts from 30 organizations and 14 countries in five global regions who work across academia, nonprofit research organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and funding agencies.

Identification of GBN5 as a molecular biomarker of pan-cancer species by integrated multi-omics analysis.

Introduction: We conducted a panoramic analysis of GBN5 expression and prognosis in 33 cancers, aiming to deepen the systematic understanding of GBN5 in cancer.

Materials And Methods: We employed a multi-omics approach, including transcriptomic, genomic, proteomic, single-cell cytomic, spatial transcriptomic, and genomic data, to explore the prognostic value and potential oncogenic mechanisms of GBN5 across pan-cancers from multiple perspectives.

Results: We found that GBN5 was differentially expressed in multiple tumors and showed early diagnostic value.

The silent pandemic of stress: impact on menstrual cycle and ovulation.

In the current age of technological advancement, stress has emerged as a silent pandemic affecting individuals, especially young generations, globally. Factors such as increased competition, social pressures fueled by social media and smartphones, and a sense of diminished control in the face of modern challenges contribute to rising stress levels. In addition to the negative implications on mental well-being, stress affects physiological processes such as the menstrual cycle.

Facilitation of Tumor Stroma-Targeted Therapy: Model Difficulty and Co-Culture Organoid Method.

Tumors, as intricate ecosystems, comprise oncocytes and the highly dynamic tumor stroma. Tumor stroma, representing the non-cancerous and non-cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), plays a crucial role in oncogenesis and progression, through its interactions with biological, chemical, and mechanical signals. This review aims to analyze the challenges of stroma mimicry models, and highlight advanced personalized co-culture approaches for recapitulating tumor stroma using patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs).

Assessing Attitudes and Perceptions of High-Risk, Low-Resource Communities Towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public-Access Defibrillation.

Layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use are vital for improving survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet their application varies by community demographics. We evaluated the concerns and factors influencing willingness to perform CPR and use AEDs among laypersons in high-risk, low-resource communities. From April 2022 to March 2024, laypersons in Northern Manhattan's Community District 12 completed surveys assessing their attitudes toward CPR and AED use before attending Hands-Only CPR training.

Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections.

With the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these viruses is critical to patient care and public health.

Frailty Predicts Failure to Rescue following Malignant Brain Tumor Resection: A NSQIP Analysis of 14,721 Patients (2012- 2020).

Purpose: Failure to rescue (FTR) is defined as mortality within 30 days following a major complication. While FTR has been studied in various brain tumor resections, its predictors in malignant brain tumor resection (mBTR) remain unexplored. This study aims to identify FTR predictors in mBTR resection patients using a frailty-driven model.

Accessory uterine cavities: a review of cases and an appeal for standard terminology.

Objective: To study and address the diagnostic, management, and classification challenges of unilocular myometrial cystic lesions adjacent to a normal uterine cavity.

Design: Describe 23 further cases, and undertake a systematic review using Medline, PubMed and Ovid for similar lesions.

Subjects: 23 cases of accessory uterine cavities presenting to pediatric and adolescent gynecologists in Australia and New Zealand.

Direct Frequency Comb Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Using Vernier Filtering.

We present direct frequency comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy with Vernier filtering as a straightforward approach to sensitive and multiplexed trace gas detection. The high finesse cavity acts both to extend the interaction length with the sample and as a spectral filter, alleviating the need for dispersive elements or an interferometer. In this demonstration, a free running interband cascade laser was used to generate a comb centered at 3.

Ascertaining the Environmental Advantages of Pavement Designs Incorporating Recycled Content through a Parametric and Probabilistic Approach.

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a widely used end-of-life (EoL) material in asphalt pavements to increase the material circularity. However, the performance loss due to using RAP in the asphalt binder layer often requires a thicker layer, leading to additional material usage, energy consumption, and transportation effort. In this study, we developed a parametric and probabilistic life cycle assessment (LCA) framework to robustly compare various pavement designs incorporating recycled materials.

A Collaborative Stakeholder Approach for Reducing the Use of Custodial Restraints in Hospitalized Patients.

In hospitals across the country, most patients admitted from jails or prisons receive their care in custodial restraints regardless of clinical concerns or public safety risk. Blanket restraint protocols are deemed necessary for public safety; however, the indiscriminate use of custodial restraints causes harm to patients physically, mentally, and through propagation of prejudice. Hospitals and correctional officials must create policies that allow for a case-by-case analysis of patients to develop an individualized custodial restraint plan that will balance public safety and patient care needs.