Prevalence of Arrhythmias in Patients With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.

Background: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important cause of angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). It is unclear whether CMD is associated with arrhythmia.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with ANOCA and CMD compared to those in patients with ANOCA without CMD.

Performance of urine Xpert MTB/RIF ultra in a tuberculosis screening strategy in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV disease: Results from an implementation initiative in Brazil.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing in urine samples as part of a TB screening strategy in patients with advanced HIV disease (AHD).

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study across three HIV reference hospitals in Brazil, between January and December 2023. The study included adult hospitalized patients with AHD, defined by a CD4 count of <200 cells/μL in the last 3 months or clinical presentation suggestive of opportunistic infection, without effective antiretroviral treatment.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Comparative Analysis of Indices for Social Determinants of Health in Pediatric Surgical Populations.

Importance: Conclusions vary substantially among studies examining associations between area-based social determinants of health (SDOH) and pediatric health disparities based on the selected patient population and SDOH index. Most national studies use zip codes, which encompass a wide distribution of communities, limiting the generalizability of findings.

Objectives: To characterize the distributions of composite SDOH indices for pediatric surgical patients within a national sample of academic children's hospitals and to assess SDOH index precision in classifying patients at similar levels of disadvantage.

Pharmacological target sites for restoration of age-associated deficits in NMDA receptor-mediated norepinephrine release in brain.

Aging affects virtually all organs of the body, but perhaps it has the most profound effects on the brain and its neurotransmitter systems, which influence a wide range of crucial functions, such as attention, focus, mood, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, and sleep cycles. All of these essential functions, as well as fundamental cognitive processes such as memory, recall, and processing speed, utilize neuronal circuits that depend on neurotransmitter signaling between neurons. Glutamate (Glu), the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, is involved in most neuronal excitatory functions, including release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE).

Case Reports in Education: A Virtual Orthopaedic Surgery Summit Enhances Medical Student Confidence in Preparedness for Orthopaedic Surgery Subinternships.

Introduction: Medical school curricula offer limited exposure to orthopaedic surgery, and few national initiatives aim to prepare students for orthopaedic surgery subinternships, which are critical for success in matching into orthopaedic residency. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a single-day virtual "Subinternship Summit" for medical students in 2 key areas: 1) enhancing participants' confidence in their preparedness for orthopaedic subinternship rotations and 2) mitigating any disparities based on student characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, gender, or whether or not the student's school is affiliated with a "home" orthopaedic program.

Methods: In March 2024, a single-day national virtual summit was held, featuring panels on topics relevant to performance during orthopaedic subinternships.

Recruitment and retention strategies to promote research engagement among caregivers and their children: A scoping review.

Long-term health and developmental impact after opioid and other substance exposures is unclear. There is an urgent need for well-designed, prospective, long-term observational studies. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study aims to address this need.

A systematic review of the associations between biodiversity and Children's mental health and wellbeing.

There is a growing interest in how exposure to biodiversity influences mental health and wellbeing; however, few studies have focused on children. The aim of this review was to identify studies that used components of biodiversity and children's health outcomes to assess if there were any themes that could be used to inform urban design and understand the mechanisms behind associations. We used a PROSPERO registered protocol to identify eligible studies following pre-defined inclusion criteria.

Preserving friendships in school contacts: An algorithm to construct synthetic temporal networks for epidemic modelling.

High-resolution temporal data on contacts between hosts provide crucial information on the mixing patterns underlying infectious disease transmission. Publicly available data sets of contact data are however typically recorded over short time windows with respect to the duration of an epidemic. To inform models of disease transmission, data are thus often repeated several times, yielding synthetic data covering long enough timescales.

The Roadmap to Integrate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Hematology Clinical Trials: An American Society of Hematology Initiative.

Clinical trial design for classical hematologic diseases is difficult because samples sizes are often small and not representative of the disease population. ASH initiated a Roadmap project to identify barriers and make progress to integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion into trial design and conduct. Focus groups of international experts from across the clinical trial ecosystem were conducted.

New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 06: Energy.

Energy plays an integral role in New Yorkers' lives. It powers the economy, moves people and goods, keeps homes and workplaces at a livable temperature, and runs critical infrastructure that keeps people healthy and safe. Reliable energy systems are easy to take for granted, but many aspects of these systems are vulnerable to weather and climate hazards.

New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 04: Buildings.

New York State has nearly 5.3 million buildings, and all of them are vulnerable in some way to the impacts of climate change. Understanding these impacts is critical, because risks to buildings not only threaten individual lives but also pose threats to community-level resilience.

Pacifimusotima Ko & Solis, new genus and species of the Musotiminae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from the Federated States of Micronesia, including two newly combined species.

Pacifimusotima kosrena Ko & Solis, gen. nov. & sp.

A new species of Diatraea Guilding, 1828, feeding on sugarcane from Nayarit, Mexico, and a lectotype designation for Diatraea magnifactella Dyar, 1911 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae).

Between 2022 and 2023, over a thousand larvae and pupae of sugarcane borers in the genus Diatraea Guilding, 1828, were collected in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, and reared to adults to identify them based on the morphology of genitalia. Although two species, Diatraea considerata Heinrich, 1931, and D. magnifactella Dyar, 1911, had been reported to occur in western Mexico, we discovered a new species of sugarcane borer, Diatraea nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp.

New World Orphanostigma Guenée, 1854, including a new species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae).

Orphanostigma haemorrhoidalis Guenée, 1854, was described from Brazil and introduced worldwide for the biological control of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Orphanostigma futilalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914), rev.

The burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by state in the USA, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides a comprehensive assessment of health and risk factor trends at global, regional, national, and subnational levels. This study aims to examine the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the USA and highlight the disparities in health outcomes across different states.

Methods: GBD 2021 analysed trends in mortality, morbidity, and disability for 371 diseases and injuries and 88 risk factors in the USA between 1990 and 2021.

Inequities in intimate partner homicide: social determinants of health mediate racial/ethnic disparities.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence accounts for up to one half of all homicides of women in the United States. Rates of intimate partner homicide are associated with both race/ethnicity and social determinants of health, but their relative contribution is incompletely understood.

Methods: We used negative binomial regression to model the relationship between counties' racial/ethnic composition and their rates of intimate partner homicide of women, controlling for urbanicity, median income, gender pay gap, unemployment, school funding, and violent crime rate.

Endoscopic papillectomy versus surgical ampullectomy for adenomas and early cancers of the papilla: a retrospective Pancreas2000/European Pancreatic Club analysis.

Objective: Ampullary neoplastic lesions can be resected by endoscopic papillectomy (EP) or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy (TSA) while pancreaticoduodenectomy is reserved for more advanced lesions. We present the largest retrospective comparative study analysing EP and TSA.

Design: Of all patients in the database, lesions with prior interventions, benign histology advanced malignancy (T2 and more), patients with hereditary syndromes and those undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were excluded.