Comparative evaluation of a novel [F] F-Labeled PET tracer XTR004 against [N] ammonia in myocardial perfusion imaging for coronary artery disease.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate image quality, myocardial perfusion, and diagnostic performance of a novel [F]F-labeled PET tracer, XTR004 PET, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) compared with [N]Ammonia (NH) PET MPI.

Methods And Results: Forty-seven patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) were prospectively enrolled to undergo one-day rest/ATP-stress XTR004 and NH electrocardiograph-gated PET imaging within 2 weeks. Among them, twenty-six patients underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA), and nineteen were identified with flow-limited CAD (stenosis ≥ 70%).

Rising Mortality of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Among Older Adults in the United States: An Analysis of Demographic and Regional Trends.

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most frequent primary liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma. Contemporary mortality trends due to ICC are largely unknown. We aim to examine the temporal trends of ICC-related deaths among older adults in the United States from 1999 to 2022.

Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease: A New Algorithm and Other Updated Recommendations: Clinical Report.

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening was added to the US Recommended Uniform Screening Panel in 2011 and adopted by all US states and territories by 2018. In addition to reviewing key developments in CCHD screening since the initial American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) endorsement in 2011, this clinical report provides 3 updated recommendations. First, a new AAP algorithm has been endorsed for use in CCHD screening.

Venous vascular malformation of the parotid gland.

Venous vascular malformations of the parotid gland are very rare vascular tumors, especially among adults. This case report discusses the presentation and challenges of diagnosing a venous vascular malformation of the parotid gland in a patient with previous oncologic history. Our patient is a 45-year-old female with a history of breast cancer, meningioma, and secreting pituitary adenoma who presented with a malformation on magnetic resonance imaging, incidentally demonstrating a T2 intense mass in the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland.

School Nurses' Perspectives on the Implementation of a Behavioral Health Referral Process.

Increasing youth behavioral health needs in the United States have underscored the essential role school nurses can play in mitigating them. In response, the District of Columbia Department of Health developed the Behavioral Health Referral Process (BHRP) as a standardized guide, integrating school nurses into multidisciplinary teams and improving students' access to behavioral health services. To assess the BHRP's strengths and opportunities while understanding factors that could impact its implementation, key informant interviews were conducted using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework with seven school nurses and school nurse managers working in DC schools.

Associations Between Sociodemographic Factors and Adolescent Food Consumption During Independent Eating Occasions.

Associations were examined between sociodemographic characteristics of a US online survey sample of caregiver/adolescent dyads ( = 533) and food intake during independent eating occasions. Caregivers reported sociodemographic characteristics for dyads. Adolescents reported daily intake frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages, junk foods, sugary foods, fast food, and fruits and vegetables during independent eating occasions.

The "Blue" Habitat of Urban & Suburban Areas and approaches for its biodiversity research: A scoping review.

This article explores recent research initially driven by interest in studying the "Blue" Habitat of Urban and Suburban Areas (BHUS), focusing on water-related ecosystems. BHUS, encompassing a wide range of aquatic habitats, is crucial to ecosystem health but is increasingly threatened by biodiversity loss resulting from climate change, land-use expansion, and unsustainable practices. Through a scoping review of 93 peer-reviewed studies, this article establishes a framework to classify BHUS types, identify target species, and analyze diverse and latest techniques in water system research.

Trends in Firearm Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments by Individual- and County-Level Characteristics, 2019 to 2023.

Study Objective: To understand trends in nonfatal firearm injuries by examining rates of firearm injury emergency department (ED) visits stratified by individual- and county-level characteristics.

Methods: Data from participating EDs within 10 jurisdictions in the United States funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Firearm Injury Surveillance Through Emergency Rooms program, including the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia, were analyzed. We examined trends in firearm injury ED visits by sex, age group, jurisdiction, county-level urbanicity, and county-level social vulnerability from January 2019 to August 2023.

Evaluation of the Performance of Portable Hemoglobinometers at Measuring Hemoglobin and Detecting Anemia in a Periurban Pediatric Population in Lima, Peru.

As many as one in three people worldwide have anemia, with young children at increased risk of both disease and complications. In settings without clinical laboratories, portable hemoglobinometers serve important roles in diagnosing anemia and estimating prevalence. Here, we assess the validity of two such point-of-care devices-the HemoCue Hb201 and the HemoCue Hb301-relative to the international reference standard, the cyanmethemoglobin method.

Diets, fruit and vegetables consumption, and nutritional status in Benin: A scoping review.

Unhealthy diets, including low fruit and vegetables (F&V) intake, contribute to morbidity and mortality related to non-communicable diseases. Designing culturally appropriate interventions to improve diets and F&V intake requires an in-depth understanding of individual-level dietary patterns, household consumption patterns, and nutritional status resulting from inadequate F&V intake. In this scoping review, we summarised the literature on diets, F&V intake, and nutritional status in Benin.

Fifteen-Year Radiographic Follow-up Comparison of Early Versus Delayed ACL Reconstruction: A Retrospective Review of a Previous Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction (ACLR) is a prevalent cause of long-term disability. Few studies have compared the effect of ACLR timing on the development of PTOA.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of PTOA at a long-term follow-up between patients who underwent early ACLR (<21 days after injury) versus delayed ACLR (>6 weeks after injury).

Normative Ranges for Oculomotor and Reaction Time Tests in U.S. Military Service Members and Veterans.

Background:  Oculomotor and reaction time tests are frequently used assessments of vestibular symptoms, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or other neurological disorders in both clinical and research contexts. When interpreting these tests it is important to have a reference interval (RI) as a comparison for what constitutes a typical/expected response; however, the current body of research has only limited information regarding normative ranges calculated according to established standards or for a military-specific sample.

Purpose:  The purpose of the present study was to describe RIs for oculomotor and reaction time tests in a cohort of service members and veterans (SMVs) for use as comparators by clinicians and scientists.

Laws Limiting Access to SNAP Benefits for People With Felony Drug Convictions: A Policy-Mapping Study.

To map US state Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) bans for individuals with felony drug convictions between 2004 and 2021. Using standard legal-mapping methodology, we categorized states as maintaining the lifetime ban imposed by federal law, modifying the lifetime ban, or fully opting out of the lifetime ban in each year. Among states with modified bans in 2021, we coded types of modifications.

American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Report on Artificial Intelligence.

This report synthesizes the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Task Force's guidance on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS). A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the applications, benefits, and challenges of AI in OHNS, alongside ethical, legal, and social implications. The Task Force, formulated by otolaryngologist experts in AI, used an iterative approach, adapted from the Delphi method, to prioritize topics for inclusion and to reach a consensus on guiding principles.

Association between autistic features and empathy in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Objectives: It is common for patients with schizophrenia to exhibit symptoms of autism. Both autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia share similar patterns of empathy deficits. This study purposed to explore the association between autistic features and empathy in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups.

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.

Unveiling non-coding variants: synergising RNA sequencing and DNA sequencing for enhanced molecular diagnosis.

Background: Pathogenic variants in the gene are associated with dystrophinopathy including Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). Targeted gene, gene panels, exomes and genome sequencing have advanced genetic diagnostics, yet some cases remain elusive.

Methods: We performed total RNA sequencing (RNAseq) on muscle biopsy from 13 male patients with a clinical diagnosis of DMD/BMD.

Prevalence of Arrhythmias in Patients With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.

Background: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important cause of angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). It is unclear whether CMD is associated with arrhythmia.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with ANOCA and CMD compared to those in patients with ANOCA without CMD.

Performance of urine Xpert MTB/RIF ultra in a tuberculosis screening strategy in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV disease: Results from an implementation initiative in Brazil.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing in urine samples as part of a TB screening strategy in patients with advanced HIV disease (AHD).

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study across three HIV reference hospitals in Brazil, between January and December 2023. The study included adult hospitalized patients with AHD, defined by a CD4 count of <200 cells/μL in the last 3 months or clinical presentation suggestive of opportunistic infection, without effective antiretroviral treatment.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.