The measurement of phenols with graphitic carbon fiber microelectrodes and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry.

A phenol contains a six-membered, conjugated, aromatic ring that is bound to a hydroxyl group. These molecules are important in biomedical studies, aromatic food preparation, and petroleum engineering. Traditionally, phenols have been measured with several analytical techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, fluorescence, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry.

Association of State Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Use Disorder and Cannabis Poisoning.

Importance: Whether state implementation of medical and recreational cannabis laws is associated with increased cannabis use disorder (CUD) and/or cannabis poisoning among adults is not evident.

Objective: To examine state-level medical and recreational cannabis laws' associations with CUD and cannabis poisoning, overall and by sex and age subgroups.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this longitudinal cohort study, state-level CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses from January 2011 to December 2021 were examined across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia before and after the implementation of medical and recreational cannabis laws (MCLs and RCLs, respectively) using a staggered adoption difference-in-differences approach.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Screening, treatment, and referral for substance use disorder in Medicaid health homes: Results of a national pilot study.

Introduction: Established under the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid health homes are designed to provide comprehensive health care for enrollees with chronic health conditions. Given high rates of substance use disorder (SUD) in Medicaid, health homes have the potential to enhance SUD identification and treatment. Yet little is known about the extent to which they engage in these activities.

Neonatal Seizures and Associated Neurobehavioral Profiles in Preschool Age Children.

Background: Neonatal seizures are common with acute brain injury. Up to 25% of survivors develop postneonatal epilepsy. We hypothesized postneonatal epilepsy diagnosed by age 24 months would increase risk for early markers of neurobehavioral disorders than acute provoked neonatal seizures alone.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Cirrhosis: Expert Review.

Description: Portal vein thromboses (PVTs) are common in patients with cirrhosis and are associated with advanced portal hypertension and mortality. The treatment of PVTs remains a clinical challenge due to limited evidence and competing risks of PVT-associated complications vs bleeding risk of anticoagulation. Significant heterogeneity in PVT phenotype based on anatomic, host, and disease characteristics, and an emerging spectrum of therapeutic options further complicate PVT management.

US Tobacco 21 Policies and Potential Mortality Reductions by State.

Importance: Research shows that Tobacco 21 (T21) policies with a minimum legal access age for tobacco products of 21 years reduce smoking, yet their impact varies across US states due to differences in smoking behaviors, mortality rates, and policy coverage.

Objective: To quantify potential reductions in smoking-attributable mortality associated with Tobacco 21 policies for each of the 50 states and Washington, DC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Cancer Intervention Surveillance and Modeling Network (CISNET) Tobacco Control Policy Model of smoking was used with detailed state-specific data on smoking initiation, smoking cessation and mortality rates as they vary by age, gender, and birth cohort for 50 US states and the District of Columbia.

Point-of-care Ultrasound Used in the Diagnosis of Reverse Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 50-year-old patient who presented to the emergency department with palpitations, nausea, vomiting, and chest discomfort. She was found to have a reduced ejection fraction and basal wall hypokinesis on point-of-care ultrasound concerning for reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Discussion: Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare variant of takotsubo cardiomyopathy and involves basal ballooning instead of apical ballooning.

Anal Sphincter Reconstruction Using the Posterior Sagittal Approach for Pediatric Perineal Trauma.

Traumatic perineal injuries are rare but can result in significant morbidity, particularly when the anal sphincter is injured. The management of such injuries in the pediatric population is rarely noted in the literature. We aimed to describe reconstruction in such patients using lessons learned in reoperative anorectal malformation surgery.

Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney and Soft Tissues: Results from National Wilms Tumor Study-5 and Children's Oncology Group Study AREN0321.

Purpose: National Wilms Tumor Study-5 (NWTS-5) and AREN0321 evaluated the outcomes of children with rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK) and malignant rhabdoid tumor of soft tissues (MRT).

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients with RTK were enrolled prospectively on NWTS-5 (1995-2002) and treated with carboplatin and etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide (Regimen RTK). Patients with RTK or MRT were enrolled on AREN0321 (2005-2012) and received vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (Regimens UH-1 or dose-reduced Revised UH-1).

Uptake of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Medicare Beneficiaries - United States, 2014-2021.

Background: Previous studies have estimated preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among persons with commercial health insurance and Medicaid. However, data are lacking regarding PrEP use among those with Medicare.

Methods: Using a previously developed algorithm, we estimated the number of Medicare beneficiaries (MBs) with fee-for-service (FFS) claims who were prescribed PrEP from 2014 to 2021.

Leukoreduction in a dog with acute leukemia.

A 9-year-old male castrated golden retriever cross was evaluated for an acute onset of ataxia. A complete blood count revealed marked leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Leukocytosis was characterized by marked lymphocytosis, monocytosis, neutropenia, and eosinopenia.

Improving HIV testing and retention among adolescents and youths: Lessons from a quasi-experimental study of the Red-Carpet Program in Malawi.

Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) often face significant challenges in HIV care. Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation in Malawi implemented the Red-Carpet Program (RCP) to provide fast-tracked services for AYLHIV in care.This study aimed to assess the effect of RCP on Provider-Initiated HIV testing, linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy (ART), and retention in care among AYLHIV in Blantyre, Malawi.

Preparing for stormy weather: building VA health system resilience for dialysis emergency preparedness in the era of climate change.

Purpose Of Review: Climate change has been implicated as the driver for the increasing number, intensity, duration, and consequences of catastrophic weather events. As a result of extreme weather events, climate change has also been implicated as an important mediator of adverse kidney health outcomes, not only increasing the risk for the development of acute and chronic kidney diseases, but also disrupting the delivery of critical kidney health services. In particular, the delivery of dialysis services during major emergencies remains an ongoing and increasing problem, with a recognized need for improved emergency preparedness and disaster management (EP-DM) strategies to mitigate the increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with missed dialysis treatment.

An Estimate of Preventable Harms Associated With Screening Colonoscopy Overuse in the U.S.

Introduction: Screening colonoscopy is often performed on patients who are younger or older than the ages specified in national guidelines or at shorter intervals than recommended. The annual incidence of harms associated with overuse of screening colonoscopy in the U.S.

Telehealth in emergency medicine residency training: A model curriculum.

Emergency physicians are well-positioned to take a leadership role in telehealth, particularly in emerging categories such as triage, direct acute unscheduled care, and virtual observation. However, the growth of telehealth has outpaced curricular development in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. This manuscript presents a model longitudinal telehealth curriculum, developed by the consensus of education experts, including representatives from the telehealth interest groups from EM's two primary specialty societies: the American College of Emergency Physicians and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Comparison of fine-scale malaria strata derived from population survey data collected using RDTs, microscopy and qPCR in South-Eastern Tanzania.

Background: Malaria-endemic countries are increasingly adopting data-driven risk stratification, often at district or higher regional levels, to guide their intervention strategies. The data typically comes from population-level surveys collected by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which unfortunately perform poorly in low transmission settings. Here, a high-resolution survey of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate (PfPR) was conducted in two Tanzanian districts using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, enabling the comparison of fine-scale strata derived from these different diagnostic methods.

Using qualitative systems mapping to analyze the linkages between the behavioral and social (BeSD) determinants of routine childhood immunization in LMICs.

Background: Designing effective immunization programs requires a strong understanding of how the factors affecting vaccine uptake interplay. In this review, we analyze the relationships between the Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) of routine immunization using qualitative systems mapping (QSM).

Methods: In this review, we analyzed 92 experimental and quasi-experimental impact evaluations (IEs) from 11 LMICs that were published between 2010 and 2020.

Effect of integrating paediatric tuberculosis services into child healthcare services on case detection in Africa: the INPUT stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial.

Introduction: Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) underdiagnosis is a critical concern. The INPUT stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial assessed the impact of integrating child TB services into child healthcare on TB case detection among children under age 5 years.

Methods: We compared the standard of care, providing TB care in specific TB clinics (control phase), with the Catalysing Paediatric TB Innovations (CaP-TB) intervention, integrating TB services across all child health services (intervention phase).

Cost-effectiveness of integrating paediatric tuberculosis services into child healthcare services in Africa: a modelling analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.

Background: In 2021, over one million children developed tuberculosis, resulting in 214 000 deaths, largely due to inadequate diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is limited in most high-burden countries because services are highly centralised at secondary/tertiary levels and are managed in a vertical, non-integrated way. To improve case detection and treatment among children, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends decentralised and integrated tuberculosis care models.

Computationally efficient collimator-detector response compensation in high energy SPECT using 1D convolutions and rotations.

Objective: Modeling of the collimator-detector response (CDR) in SPECT reconstruction enables improved resolution and accuracy, and is thus important for quantitative imaging applications such as dosimetry. The implementation of CDR modeling, however, can become a computational bottleneck when there are substantial components of septal penetration and scatter in the acquired data, since a direct convolution-based approach requires large 2D kernels. This work proposes a 1D convolution and rotation-based CDR model that reduces reconstruction times but maintains consistency with models that employ 2D convolutions.