29,199 results match your criteria: "Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism"

Purpose: Schizophrenia is a chronic condition that is associated with various comorbidities, including metabolic ones. Particular attention has been paid to the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the liver equivalent of the metabolic syndrome. It is postulated that ferroptosis, a form of novel cell death connected with iron overload and lipid peroxidation, may be an interplaying factor in both of these conditions.

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Activation of brown and beige fat biogenesis promotes metabolic health in rodents and humans, but typically requires cold exposure or pharmacological activation of β-adrenergic receptors, which may pose cardiovascular risks. Dietary intervention represents a clinically viable alternative strategy to induce beige cells and thus enhance metabolic health, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified specific microbiota members in both mice and humans that promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and ameliorate metabolic disorders in the context of a low-protein diet (LPD).

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Introduction: Energy metabolism in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be different. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for the largest portion of total energy needs. The objective of our study was to assess resting metabolic rate and its determinants in adolescents and young adults with T1D in comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

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Article Synopsis
  • - ELOVL6 is an important enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, specifically elongating fatty acids with carbon chains of C12-C16, and is linked to conditions like insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • - Recent studies suggest that ELOVL6 also connects to kidney diseases, neurological disorders such as epilepsy, and pulmonary fibrosis, with its expression influenced by factors like diet and oxidative stress.
  • - As a potential target for diagnosis and therapy, ongoing research aims to explore ELOVL6's mechanisms in disease, which could lead to new treatment approaches for various health issues.
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ALG13-Related Epilepsy: Current Insights and Future Research Directions.

Neurochem Res

December 2024

Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, 750004, China.

The ALG13 gene encodes a subunit of the uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) transferase enzyme, which plays a key role in the N-linked glycosylation pathway. This pathway involves the attachment of carbohydrate structures to asparagine (Asn) residues in proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum, by which N-glycosylated proteins produced participate a wide range of processes such as electrical gradients formation and neurotransmission. Mutations in the ALG13 gene have been identified as a causative factor for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and have been frequently associated with epilepsy in affected individuals.

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The organs of a plant species vary in cell structure, metabolism and defence responses. However, the mechanisms that enable a single pathogen to colonise different plant organs remain unclear. Here we compared the transcriptome of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae during infection of roots versus leaves of soybeans.

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Ketogenic diet in treating sepsis-related acquired weakness: is it friend or foe?

Front Nutr

November 2024

Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.

Background: Sepsis is the body's extreme response to an infection leading to organ dysfunction. Sepsis-related acquired weakness (SAW), a critical illness closely related to metabolic disorders, is characterized by generalized sepsis-induced skeletal muscle weakness, mainly manifesting as symmetrical atrophy of respiratory and limb muscles. Muscle accounts for 40% of the body's total mass and is one of the major sites of glucose and energy absorption.

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Microbial communities, both on the surface and within fruit, play a crucial role in reducing postharvest diseases and maintaining fruit quality. This study investigated the effects of co-culture fermentation supernatant of Debaryomyces hansenii (Y) and Bacillus atrophaeus (T) on disease control and quality preservation of postharvest litchi fruit, while exploring the underlying mechanisms through microbiome profiling. The results indicated that Y + T treatment not only reduced decay percentage, weight loss, and pH increase but also preserved the pericarp cell integrity and reduced the lignin accumulation.

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GhCNGC31 is critical for conferring resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton.

Plant Mol Biol

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.

In the past decades, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) have been extensively studied in diploid species Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the functional diversification of CNGCs in crop plants, mostly polyploid, remains poorly understood. In allotetraploid Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), GhCNGC31 is one of the multiple orthologs of AtCNGC2, being present in the plasma membrane, capable of interacting with itself and binding to calmodulins and cyclic nucleotides.

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USP22 Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression by Stabilising β-Catenin and Upregulating HK2 and Glycolysis.

J Cell Mol Med

December 2024

Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy that is difficult to treat and is prone to developing resistance to chemotherapy. As such, it is necessary to continuously explore novel therapeutic targets. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) is an ubiquitin-specific protease that has been demonstrated to have potent carcinogenic effects on a variety of cancers and is involved in several biological processes.

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While obesity has been linked to both increased and decreased rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients, there is no consensus on the interaction between obesity and AD. The TgF344-AD rat model was used to investigate the effects of high carbohydrate, high fat (HCHF) diet on brain glucose metabolism and hemodynamics in the presence or absence of AD transgenes, in presymptomatic (6-month-old) vs. symptomatic (12-month-old) stages of AD progression using non-invasive neuroimaging.

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The gut-brain-metabolic axis has emerged as a critical area of research, highlighting the intricate connections between the gut microbiome, metabolic processes, and cognitive function. This review article delves into the complex interplay between these interconnected systems, exploring their role in the development of insulin resistance and cognitive decline. The article emphasizes the pivotal influence of the gut microbiota on central nervous system (CNS) function, demonstrating how microbial colonization can program the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis for stress response in mice.

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The pharmacotherapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), remains a hot topic in research and a largely unmet need in clinical practice. As the first approval of a disease-specific drug, resmetirom, was regarded as a milestone for the management of this common liver disease, this comprehensive and updated review aimed to highlight the importance of the hepatic thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (THR)-β signalling for the treatment of MASH, with a special focus on resmetirom. First, the genomic and non-genomic actions of the liver-directed THR-β mediated mechanisms are summarized.

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Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is a crucial product of gut microbial fermentation with significant implications for various metabolic and physiological processes. Dietary sources of butyrate are limited, primarily derived from the fermentation of dietary fibers by butyrate-producing gut bacteria. Butyrate exerts its effects primarily as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and through signaling pathways involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).

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Euglena gracilis polysaccharide modulated gut dysbiosis of obese individuals via acetic acid in an in vitro fermentation model.

Food Res Int

January 2025

School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address:

Gut dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of obesity and targeting gut microbiota presents a promising approach to attenuate obesity. Euglena gracilis polysaccharide (EGP) has emerged as a potential prebiotic capable of promoting health-beneficial bacteria. However, its effects on the gut dysbiosis of obese individuals remain unclear.

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Tools and techniques for quantitative glycoproteomic analysis.

Biochem Soc Trans

December 2024

Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Article Synopsis
  • * The review covers key studies from the last ten years that focus on techniques for site-specific glycoproteomic analysis, showcasing advanced MS-based software for multi-dimensional quantification and targeted analysis.
  • * It highlights potential uses in clinical biomarker discovery and the need for improved methods to overcome current challenges and propel the field of quantitative glycoproteomics forward.
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Functions of unique middle loop and C-terminal tail in GnT-III activity and secretion.

Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj

January 2025

Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: N-Glycan branching modulates the diversity of protein functions. β1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III or MGAT3) produces a unique GlcNAc branch, "bisecting GlcNAc", in N-glycans, and is involved in Alzheimer's disease and cancer. However, the 3D structure and catalytic mechanism of GnT-III are unclear.

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Background: Renal fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic kidney disease, is closely associated with dysregulated gluconeogenesis. Tanshinone I (Tan I), a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, exhibits antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on gluconeogenesis and the mechanisms through which it alleviates renal fibrosis remain unclear.

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Intravenous iron supplementation is increasingly used to safely and effectively correct iron deficiency anemia, but some formulations are linked to a renal phosphate wasting syndrome which is mediated by fibroblast growth factor 23. Unawareness among prescribers and the nonspecific clinical symptoms of hypophosphatemia result in underreporting of this complication. Even though it is often an asymptomatic and self-limiting condition, accumulating evidence from case reports and dedicated randomized controlled trials show that IV iron induced hypophosphatemia may be associated with clinical symptoms.

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Persistent response to combination therapy of pemigatinib and chemotherapy in a child of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion.

Mol Cancer

December 2024

Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China.

Article Synopsis
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Purpose: Dietary macronutrients significantly impact cardiometabolic health, yet research often focuses on individual macronutrient relationships. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary macronutrient composition and cardiometabolic health.

Methods: This study included 33,681 US adults (49.

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BRG1 improves reprogramming efficiency by enhancing glycolytic metabolism.

Cell Mol Life Sci

December 2024

Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.

BRG1 has been found to promote the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by regulating epigenetic modifications or binding to transcription factors, however, the role of BRG1 on the cellular metabolism during reprogramming has not been reported. In this study, we found that BRG1 improved the efficiency of porcine iPSC generation, and upregulated the expression of pluripotency-related factors. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 promoted cellular glycolysis, and increased levels of glycolysis-related metabolites.

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Adipokinetic hormone (AKH), a crucial neuropeptide, participates in the important physiological processes by specially binding to its receptor to activate the AKH signalling pathway. AKH regulates energy metabolism. However, it remains unknown whether AKH affects larval development and adult reproduction by influencing energy metabolism.

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β1-3-linked -acetylglucosaminide is a prevalent carbohydrate motif found in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. It is a crucial component of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). β1-3--acetylglucosaminyltransferase (NmLgtA) catalyzes the formation of a glycosidic bond and has the potential for use in synthesizing HMOs.

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Article Synopsis
  • Shaofu Zhuyu decoction is commonly used for gynecological conditions, but its effectiveness in treating endometriosis and the mechanisms behind it needed further investigation.
  • Researchers analyzed its chemical makeup and tested its effects on endometriosis in mice, observing a significant reduction in the weight of ectopic lesions and improved gut microbiome diversity.
  • The treatment also led to lower levels of fibrosis in lesions and changes in specific proteins and metabolic pathways, suggesting that it may alleviate endometriosis through regulating intestinal flora and reducing tissue scarring.
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