Converting LEA to Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity score in neuro-ophthalmology patients.

Purpose: The Pelli-Robson and LEA contrast sensitivity charts are commonly used in clinical settings to measure contrast sensitivity. Although the Pelli-Robson chart is considered the gold standard, it is limited by its bulky size. The LEA chart, on the contrary, offers a more practical and portable option that is still reliable.

Parental engagement in research on paediatric lower respiratory tract infections in Indonesia.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children are a major concern in Indonesia as it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, research on LRTIs is crucial to improve children's health. However, clinical research in children is challenging due to parental concerns.

The Role of Body Mass Index, Advanced Age, and Low Educational Attainment in Mild Cognitive Impairment among the Older Adult Population: A Study in a Rural Area in Indonesia.

This study evaluated the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and factors associated with MCI among older adults in a rural area of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of East Java, Indonesia. Four hundred and twenty-seven older adults aged ≥60 years were included in the study.

Factors influencing illness uncertainty in parents of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a developing country: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Illness uncertainty in parents of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to parents' inability to create meaning in events related to their children having CAH. This may influence their role in caring for children with CAH.

Objective: The study aimed to determine factors associated with illness uncertainty experienced by parents of children with CAH in a developing country.

Bacterial colonization of the upper airways of children positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Our understanding of the influence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on bacterial colonization in the children's upper nasopharyngeal tract during the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic is limited. This study aimed to determine whether there were any differences in bacterial colonization between asymptomatic children with or without a positive SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results in the community setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional community-based exploratory study was conducted from March to May 2021 in Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia.

The efficiency of selective pooling strategy in a COVID-19 diagnostic laboratory.

Introduction: Mass testing is essential in the surveillance strategy for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. It allows early detection of suspected cases and subsequently early isolation to mitigate spread. However, the high cost and limited consumables and reagents hinder the mass testing strategy in developing countries such as Indonesia.

Self-collected gargle specimen as a patient-friendly sample collection method for COVID-19 diagnosis in a population context.

Scaling up SARS-CoV-2 testing and tracing continues to be plagued with the limitation of the sample collection method, which requires trained healthcare workers to perform and causes discomfort to the patients. In response, we assessed the performance and user preference of gargle specimens for qRT-PCR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. Inpatients who had recently been diagnosed with COVID-19 and outpatients who were about to perform qRT-PCR testing were asked to provide nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NPOP) swabs and self-collected gargle specimens.

Differences in thrombin and plasmin generation potential between East African and Western European adults: The role of genetic and non-genetic factors.

Background: Geographic variability in coagulation across populations and their determinants are poorly understood.

Objective: To compare thrombin (TG) and plasmin (PG) generation parameters between healthy Tanzanian and Dutch individuals, and to study associations with inflammation and different genetic, host and environmental factors.

Methods: TG and PG parameters were measured in 313 Tanzanians of African descent living in Tanzania and 392 Dutch of European descent living in the Netherlands and related to results of a dietary questionnaire, circulating inflammatory markers, genotyping, and plasma metabolomics.

Meiotic genes in premature ovarian insufficiency: variants in HROB and REC8 as likely genetic causes.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), affecting 1 in 100 women, is characterised by loss of ovarian function associated with elevated gonadotropin, before the age of 40. In addition to infertility, patients face increased risk of comorbidities such as heart disease, osteoporosis, cancer and/or early mortality. We used whole exome sequencing to identify the genetic cause of POI in seven women.

Surveillance and prevalence of fragile X syndrome in Indonesia.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many studies have been conducted over the years, however, in Indonesia there is relatively less knowledge on the prevalence of FXS. We reviewed all studies involving FXS screening and cascade testing of the high-risk population in Indonesia for two decades, to elucidate the prevalence, as well as explore the presence of genetic clusters of FXS in Indonesia.

Pesticide Exposure and Thyroid Function in Elementary School Children Living in an Agricultural Area, Brebes District, Indonesia.

Background: Children living in agricultural areas are at risk of exposure to pesticides due to their involvement in agricultural activities. Pesticides are one of the chemicals classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals.

Objective: To examine the association between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in children.

Early electronic screen exposure and autistic-like symptoms.

Prevalence autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been on rise, but many studies suggests over-diagnosed. Currently, children have more access to electronic media on the daily basis than those of previous generation. Some studies suggest that increases screen time is associated with melanopsin-expressing neurons and decreasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter, and thus results aberrant behavior, decreased cognitive, and language development.