Association between dietary fructose and human colon DNA methylation: implication for racial disparities in colorectal cancer risk using a cross-sectional study.

Background: An increasing body of evidence has linked fructose intake to colorectal cancer (CRC). African American (AA) adults consume greater quantities of fructose and are more likely to develop right-side colon cancer than European American (EA) adults.

Objective: We examined the hypothesis that fructose consumption leads to epigenomic and transcriptomic differences associated with CRC tumor biology.

Three-Year Efficacy and Safety of Mirikizumab Following 152 Weeks of Continuous Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis: Results From the LUCENT-3 Open-Label Extension Study.

Background: Mirikizumab, a p19-directed interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated induction of clinical remission at week 12 with maintenance through week 104 in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Results are presented from the LUCENT-3 open-label extension study through week 152.

Methods: Of 868 LUCENT clinical trial program mirikizumab-treated induction patients, 544 were responders of whom 365 were rerandomized to mirikizumab maintenance.

The Tissue Systems Pathology Test Objectively Risk-Stratifies Patients With Barrett's Esophagus: Results From a Multicenter US Clinical Experience Study.

Background: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a diagnosis of esophageal intestinal metaplasia, which can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance for early detection and treatment of EAC. However, current practices have limited effectiveness in risk-stratifying patients with BE.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate use of the TSP-9 test in risk-stratifying clinically relevant subsets of patients with BE in clinical practice.

Evaluation and Management of Malignant Colorectal Polyps.

The detection rate of dysplastic colorectal polyps has significantly increased with improved screening programs. Treatment of dysplastic polyps attempt to limit morbidity of a procedure while also considering the risk of occult lymph node metastasis. Therefore, a variety of methods have been developed to predict the rate of lymph node metastasis to help identify the optimal treatment of patients.

Plecanatide Improves Abdominal Bloating and Bowel Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation.

Background: Bloating is a bothersome symptom in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

Aim: To evaluate plecanatide efficacy in patients with IBS-C stratified by bloating intensity.

Methods: Pooled phase 3 data (2 randomized, controlled IBS-C trials) from adults treated with plecanatide 3 mg or placebo for 12 weeks were analyzed.

Dietary Management of Non-EoE Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Patients with non-eosinophilic esophagitis eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (non-EoE EGIDs) are prone to nutritional deficiencies due to food-avoidant behaviors, malabsorption, and high nutrition impact symptoms. Nutrient deficiencies correspond to the segment, depth, and extent of the gastrointestinal tract involved and can impact organs distant from the gut. Patients with non-EoE EGIDs are often atopic, and some appear to respond to dietary avoidance of specific food allergens.

Prokinetics-safety and efficacy: The European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility/The American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society expert review.

Background: Prokinetics are a class of pharmacological drugs designed to improve gastrointestinal (GI) motility, either regionally or across the whole gut. Each drug has its merits and drawbacks, and based on current evidence as high-quality studies are limited, we have no clear recommendation on one class or other. However, there remains a large unmet need for both regionally selective and/or globally acting prokinetic drugs that work primarily intraluminally and are safe and without systemic side effects.

Chronic Drug-Induced Liver Injury from Labetalol during the Postpartum Period: A Case Report.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause of transaminitis in pregnancy. A 34-year-old G3P2012 presented 3 weeks postpartum for preeclampsia with severe features. After receiving acute antihypertensive medications, she was discharged home with labetalol.

Development and Current State of Digital Therapeutics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background & Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, debilitating disorder characterized by abdominal pain and disordered bowel habits. Current pharmacologic treatments often provide incomplete symptom relief and may be poorly tolerated. Furthermore, alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms does not always translate into improved quality of life for IBS patients.

Long-term safety of tenapanor in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in the T3MPO-3 study.

Background: Tenapanor, a first-in-class, minimally systemic inhibitor of intestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), is approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in adults based on two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III studies (T3MPO-1 [NCT02621892], T3MPO-2 [NCT02686138]). The open-label T3MPO-3 extension study (NCT02727751) enrolled patients who completed these studies to investigate long-term safety and tolerability of tenapanor.

Methods: Patients who completed T3MPO-1 (16 weeks) or T3MPO-2 (26 weeks) were eligible for enrollment in T3MPO-3.

Plecanatide Improves Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation: Results of an Integrated Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Two Phase 3 Trials.

Purpose: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) experience abdominal pain with altered bowel movements. Plecanatide is indicated as IBS-C treatment in adults. This integrated analysis further characterizes plecanatide efficacy and safety in IBS-C.

Antibody Kinetics after Three Doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for more data on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine response. We aimed to assess the response to a third mRNA vaccine dose against SARS-CoV-2 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This was a single-center, observational prospective study of IBD patients who received a third mRNA vaccine dose against SARS-CoV-2.

Physician-Chef-Dietitian Partnerships for Evidence-Based Dietary Approaches to Tackling Chronic Disease: The Case for Culinary Medicine in Teaching Kitchens.

Since the middle of the 20th century, the American food environment has become increasingly ultra-processed. As a result, the prevalence of chronic, diet-related disease in the United States has skyrocketed. Meanwhile, physicians are still poorly trained in nutrition.

Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors through the Application of Network-Based Approaches in a Racially Diverse Cohort of Colon Organoid Stem Cells.

Numerous demographic factors have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To better define biological mechanisms underlying these associations, we performed RNA sequencing of stem-cell-enriched organoids derived from the healthy colons of seven European Americans and eight African Americans. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed following RNA sequencing.

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the LAG-3-depleting monoclonal antibody GSK2831781 in patients with active ulcerative colitis.

Background: Selective depletion of T cells expressing LAG-3, an immune checkpoint receptor that is upregulated on activated T cells, has been investigated in pre-clinical models as a potential therapeutic approach in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases where activated T cells are implicated.

Aims: GSK2831781, a depleting monoclonal antibody that specifically binds LAG-3 proteins, may deplete activated LAG-3 cells in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: Patients with moderate to severe UC were randomised to GSK2831781 or placebo.

A standardized scoring system for conflict of interest determination and mitigation for AASLD-sponsored continuing medical education events.

Continuing medical education (CME) is essential to increase the knowledge, skills, and professional performance of health care providers. To keep the content of CME relevant and balanced, conflict of interest (COI) determination and mitigation is essential. While the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education provides oversight and guidelines, each organization that sponsors CME programs has its own protocol for COI.

Correlations Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Endoscopic-Histologic Disease Activity in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis.

Introduction: Discordance between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and endoscopic inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is known. However, the correlations between symptoms and endoscopic and histologic (endo-histologic) mucosal healing and remains unknown.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of prospectively collected clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data on 254 colonoscopies from 179 unique adults at a tertiary referral center from 2014 to 2021.