The obesity paradox in osteoporosis risk among older adults is mostly driven by women: a population-based prospective study.

Objectives: The obesity paradox is common among older adults at risk for various diseases. Although this paradox has also been observed in the association between obesity and osteoporosis, the available evidence remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and OP risk in an older population.

Gut Microbiota at the Crossroad of Hepatic Oxidative Stress and MASLD.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition marked by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue. This disorder can lead to a range of pathological outcomes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms driving MASLD initiation and progression remain incompletely understood.

SLO co-opts host cell glycosphingolipids to access cholesterol-rich lipid rafts for enhanced pore formation and cytotoxicity.

Unlabelled: Streptolysin O (SLO) is a virulence determinant of group A (), the agent of streptococcal sore throat and severe invasive infections. SLO is a member of a family of bacterial pore-forming toxins known as cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, which require cell membrane cholesterol for pore formation. While cholesterol is essential for cytolytic activity, accumulating data suggest that cell surface glycans may also participate in the binding of SLO and other cholesterol-dependent cytolysins to host cells.

Utility of endoscopic pressure study integrated system for gastroesophageal reflux disease after endoscopic antireflux therapy.

Objectives: The endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS) measures intragastric pressure (IGP) during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Previous research demonstrated that EPSIS correlates with the 24-h impedance-pH (MII-pH) test and shows lower maximum IGP (IGP-Max) and a flatter waveform gradient in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients, attributed to lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Although endoscopic antireflux therapy (EARTh) is effective for GERD, the MII-pH monitoring, the gold standard for assessing treatment outcomes, requires hospitalization and can be a burden.

Establishment and characterization of a sigmoid colon cancer organoid with spinal metastasis.

Background: Sigmoid colon cancer with spinal metastases is rare in distant metastasis. In addition, the prognosis of colon cancer patients with spinal metastases is extremely poor. In order to find effective therapeutic agents, we need to know the biological characteristics of such patients from related models.

Long-Term Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease With MASLD: A Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank.

Background: Similar worsening epidemics globally have been showed in newly coined metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the prospective association of MASLD, MASLD types, and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) with long-term risk of incident IBD in a large-scale population cohort.

Methods: Participants free of IBD at enrollment from UK Biobank were included.

Role of balloon dilation test in identifying suitable candidates for gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy.

Background: Predicting successful outcomes of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) is essential for identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from the procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the balloon dilation test (BDT) in optimizing patient selection for G-POEM.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from February 2021 to December 2023, including patients with refractory gastroparesis unresponsive to conventional medical treatments.

Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Gut Microbiota, and Nicotine in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).

Oxidative stress has been described as one of the main drivers of intracellular damage and metabolic disorders leading to metabolic syndrome, a major health problem worldwide. In particular, free radicals alter lipid metabolism and promote lipid accumulation in the liver, existing in the hepatic facet of metabolic syndrome, the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recent literature has highlighted how nicotine, especially if associated with a high-fat diet, exerts a negative effect on the induction and progression of MASLD by upregulating inflammation and increasing oxidative stress, abdominal fat lipolysis, and hepatic lipogenesis.

IDO1 inhibitor enhances the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer by promoting macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype polarization.

Microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is a subtype of CRC that generally exhibits resistance to immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 blockade. This study investigates the effects and underlying mechanisms of combining PD-1 blockade with IDO1 inhibition in MSS CRC. Bioinformatics analyses of TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ cohorts revealed significantly elevated IDO1 expression in CRC tumors, correlating with tumor mutation burden across TCGA datasets.

Persistent body-weight change on achalasia and peroral endoscopic myotomy: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: The distribution of body weight in patients with achalasia and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has not been investigated. The role of body weight assessment after treatment remains unclear.

Methods: Using the multicenter achalasia cohort, the frequency of underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.

Identification of a novel immune checkpoint-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy in breast cancer and experiment verification.

Breast cancer (BRCA) is one of the pivotal causes of female death worldwide. And the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer have increased rapidly. Immune checkpoints are important to maintain immune tolerance and are regarded as important therapeutic targets.

m6A demethylation of NNMT in CAFs promotes gastric cancer progression by enhancing macrophage M2 polarization.

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC), interacting with both immune and tumor cells to drive cancer progression. However, the precise link between these interactions and their potential as therapeutic targets remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified for the first time that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) derived from CAFs promoted M2 macrophage polarization, which, in turn, facilitated the proliferation and migration of GC cells.

Position statement of the World Endoscopy Organization: Role of endoscopy in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal superficial squamous neoplasia.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a significant global health challenge, being the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality with pronounced geographic variability. The incidence rates range from 125 per 100,000 in northern China to 1-1.5 per 100,000 in the United States, driven by environmental and lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, dietary habits, and pollution.

Factors influencing lateral margin diagnosis challenges in Barrett's esophageal cancer: a bicenter retrospective study in Japan.

Background/aims: We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics and causes of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma (BEA) with unclear demarcation.

Methods: We reviewed BEA cases between January 2010 and August 2022. The lesions were classified into the following two groups: clear demarcation (CD group) and unclear demarcation (UD group).

Expanding Cas12a Activity Control with an RNA G-Quadruplex at the 5' end of CRISPR RNA.

Precise control of Cas12a activity is essential for the improvement of the detection limit of clinical diagnostics and the minimization of errors. This study addresses the challenge of controlling Cas12a activity, especially in the context of nucleic acid detection where the inherent incompatibility between isothermal amplification and CRISPR reactions complicates accurate diagnostics. An RNA G-quadruplex (RG4) structure at the 5' end of crRNA is introduced to modulate Cas12a activity accurately without the need for chemical modifications.

High Plasma Levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine is Related with the Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Aims: Plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) level is positively associated with cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between plasma SAH levels and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between plasma SAH levels and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Prevalence and Outcomes of Emergency Presentations of Colorectal Cancer in Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses are frequently made through emergency presentations (EPs), a new cancer diagnosis following an emergency care episode or unplanned inpatient admission. The extent and implications of EPs are not well known in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health system, where robust CRC screening protocols exist. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the route of CRC diagnosis also remains unclear.

SUSD2 cancer-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer mediate the effect of immunosuppression and predict overall survival and the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Background: The expression patterns and functions of Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2) differ among various malignancies. This research aims to investigate the expression of SUSD2 and the role of the SUSD2 cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) for immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

Methods: The expression of SUSD2 and specific markers (CD4, CD8, PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3 and CD163) was determined using immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIHC) on paraffin sections.

[Endoscopic Treatment for Esophageal Achalasia:Per-oral Endoscopic Myotomy( POEM)].

Per-oral endoscopic myotomy( POEM) is an endoscopic treatment of achalasia. Since the world's first case was performed in Japan in 2008, over 15 years have passed. More than 3,200 cases have been performed at Showa University alone, and over 6,000 cases have been performed throughout Japan.

Pyroptosis in asthma: inflammatory phenotypes, immune and non-immune cells, and novel treatment approaches.

Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death, and is activated by pathogen infections or endogenous danger signals. The canonical pyroptosis process is characterized by the inflammasome (typically NLRP3)-mediated activation of caspase-1, which in turn cleaves and activates IL-1β and IL-18, as well as gasdermin D, which is a pore-forming executor protein, leading to cell membrane rupture, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. Pyroptosis is considered a part of the innate immune response.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the survival and estimate surgical benefits for gastric cancer with liver metastasis receiving primary tumor resection.

Background: Surgical treatment has been widely controversial for gastric cancer accompanied by liver metastasis (GCLM). This paper aims to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the survival and estimate surgical benefits for GCLM patients.

Methods: A total of 616 GCLM patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database and 74 GCLM patients receiving primary tumor resection (PTR) from the Chinese center were included in this study.