CNS Neurosci Ther
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) frequently results in persistent cognitive, emotional, and functional impairments, closely linked to disruptions in the default mode network (DMN). Understanding the mechanisms driving these network abnormalities is critical for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Methods: This study adopted a multimodal approach, combining functional connectivity (FC) analysis, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and gene expression profiling to investigate DMN disruptions in mTBI.
Cureus
October 2024
Surgery, Services Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and accurate imaging is essential for effective diagnosis, management, and prognosis. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) in assessing TBI across various severities. Through a comprehensive search strategy, studies were selected that directly compared MRI and CT in TBI diagnosis, incorporating advanced MRI techniques such as susceptibility-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraumatic brain injuries (TBIs) present with symptoms ranging from a mildly altered level of consciousness to irreversible coma and death. The most severe stage of TBIs is diffuse axonal injury and swelling affecting the whole brain. Management strategies are based on the classification of TBIs by severity and type and range from cognitive therapy sessions to complex surgeries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) results in aberrant functional connectivity and is significantly linked to cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the network mechanisms influencing neurocognitive function following DAI remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of static and dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) in patients with DAI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurg Rev
November 2024
Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, impacting healthcare systems and economies. Early identification of poor outcomes is crucial for effective treatment. This systematic review assesses the prognostic value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in predicting poor neurological outcomes and mortality in the acute phase of TBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurohospitalist
October 2024
Neurology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Eur Radiol
September 2024
Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
The goal of this paper is to provide a useful desktop reference for the imaging of suspected child abuse with clear, age-specific pathways for appropriate evidence-based imaging and follow-up. We aim to provide a road map for the imaging evaluation and follow-up of this important and vulnerable cohort of patients presenting with signs and symptoms concerning for inflicted injury. As the imaging recommendations differ for children of different ages, we provide a flowchart of the appropriate imaging pathway for infants, toddlers, and older children, which allows ease of selection of which children should undergo skeletal survey, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) brain with 3-dimensional (D) reformats, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and whole spine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
July 2024
Medical Imaging, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA.
Emotional dysregulation following a concussion is well established. New onset of major psychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder (BPD) post-concussion has not been investigated. BPD typically presents with an initial depressive episode followed by mania and concurrent depressive and manic states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children, and predicting functional outcome after TBI is challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently conducted after severe TBI; however, the predictive value of MRI remains uncertain.
Objectives: To identify early MRI measures that predict long-term outcome after severe TBI in children and to assess the added predictive value of MRI measures over well-validated clinical predictors.
J Med Life
March 2024
Department of Radiography and Medical Imaging, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from physical or traumatic injuries to the brain's surrounding bony structures and associated tissues, which can lead to various sequelae, including simple concussion, acute epidural hematoma, parenchymal contusions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has enhanced the accuracy of neuroimaging for these injuries. SWI is based on 3D gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with long echo times and flow compensation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Clin Transl Neurol
September 2024
Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with sleep deficits, but it is not clear why some report sleep disturbances and others do not. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between axonal injury, sleep, and memory in chronic and acute TBI.
Methods: Data were acquired from two independent datasets which included 156 older adult veterans (69.
J Multidiscip Healthc
June 2024
"sf. Ioan" Clinical Emergency Children's Hospital, Galați, 800487, Romania.
Head trauma (HT) in pediatric patients is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Although computer tomography (CT) imaging provides ample information in assessing acute traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), there are instances when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. Due to its high sensitivity in diagnosing small bleeds, MRI offers a well-documented evaluation of primary acute TBIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Radiol
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
Objectives: We analysed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings after traumatic brain injury (TBI) aiming to improve the grading of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) to better reflect the outcome.
Methods: Four-hundred sixty-three patients (8-70 years) with mild (n = 158), moderate (n = 129), or severe (n = 176) TBI and early MRI were prospectively included. TAI presence, numbers, and volumes at predefined locations were registered on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging, and presence and numbers on T2*GRE/SWI.
J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
June 2024
Division of Otology/Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Leg Med (Tokyo)
September 2024
Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Gustave Eiffel, LBA, Marseille, France. Electronic address:
Identification of Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is critical in clinical practice, particularly in terms of long-term prognosis, but also for medico-legal issues, to verify whether the death or the after-effects were attributable to trauma. Multidisciplinary approaches are an undeniable asset when it comes to solving these problems. The aim of this work is therefore to list the different techniques needed to identify axonal lesions and to understand the lesion mechanisms involved in their formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ ECT
June 2024
From Somatics LLC, Venice, Florida.
Surveys show public misperceptions and confusion about brain damage and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Fictional movies have misrepresented ECT to suggest brain damage and to ridicule mental illness and psychiatric patients. "Brain damage" has become a colloquial expression without consistent meaning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFF1000Res
May 2024
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction/background: Non convulsive seizures (NCS) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may remain undiagnosed due to lack of overt clinical manifestation and can have long-term sequelae due to delay in timely treatment. Occurrence of early NCS is known to have subsequent neurologic sequelae due to excitotoxic neuronal injury.
Case Report: This is a case report of a young girl who sustained a TBI due to a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and was admitted with a fluctuating level of consciousness.
Int J Mol Sci
April 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly contributes to death and disability worldwide. However, treatment options remain limited. Here, we focus on a specific pathology of TBI, diffuse axonal brain injury (DABI), which describes the process of the tearing of nerve fibers in the brain after blunt injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomech Model Mechanobiol
August 2024
Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road.
Recent mouse brain injury experiments examine diffuse axonal injury resulting from accelerative head rotations. Evaluating brain deformation during these events would provide valuable information on tissue level thresholds for brain injury, but there are many challenges to imaging the brain's mechanical response during dynamic loading events, such as a blunt head impact. To address this shortcoming, we present an experimentally validated computational biomechanics model of the mouse brain that predicts tissue deformation, given the motion of the mouse head during laboratory experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurotrauma
August 2024
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the burden of TAI is associated with outcome in this patient group. Lesion mapping offers a way to combine imaging findings from numerous individual patients into common lesion maps where the findings from a whole patient cohort can be assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of TAI lesions on different MRI sequences and its associations to outcome with use of lesion mapping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Neurol Neurosurg
May 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan.
Objective: Previous studies have reported various predictive indicators of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), but no consensus has not been reached. Although the efficiency of automated pupillometry in patients with consciousness disorder has been widely reported, there are few reports of its use in patients with DAI. This study aimed to investigate the significance of pupillary findings in predicting the prognosis of DAI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pharmacother
April 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center for Nerve Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Background: Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) can lead to somatic, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that persist for years after the initial injury. Although the ability of various treatments to promote recovery after rmTBI has been explored, the optimal time window for early intervention after rmTBI is unclear. Previous research has shown that hydrogen-rich water (HRW) can diffuse through the blood-brain - barrier, attenuate local oxidative stress, and reduce neuronal apoptosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
March 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the foremost causes of disability and death globally. Prerequisites for successful therapy of disabilities associated with TBI involved improved knowledge of the neurobiology of TBI, measurement of quantitative changes in recovery dynamics brought about by therapy, and the translation of quantitative methodologies and techniques that were successful in tracking recovery in preclinical models to human TBI. Frequently used animal models of TBI in research and development include controlled cortical impact, fluid percussion injury, blast injury, penetrating blast brain injury, and weight-drop impact acceleration models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
January 2024
Nursing School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-010, Brazil.
Background: The diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) remain challenging. This research aimed to analyze the impact on activities of daily living (ADL), functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and the association between lesion severity and DAI location identified through imaging exams.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included 95 patients diagnosed with DAI.
Cureus
January 2024
Department of Neuro-Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a severe and frequently life-altering form of traumatic brain injury that is brought on by forces of rapid acceleration as well as deceleration impacting the brain. DAI primarily stems from mechanical forces that lead to the widespread disruption of axons throughout the brain. Unlike focal injuries that affect a specific brain region, DAI manifests as multifocal axonal damage, often impairing vital neural connections.
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