Factors associated with the onset of major depressive disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries: results from the INTERPRET-DD prospective study.

Aims: To examine the factors that are associated with changes in depression in people with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries.

Methods: People with type 2 diabetes treated in out-patient settings aged 18-65 years underwent a psychiatric assessment to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline and follow-up. At both time points, participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the WHO five-item Well-being scale (WHO-5) and the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale which measures diabetes-related distress.

Exploring the heterogeneity of the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in cardiovascular outcome trials.

Background And Aim: The interpretation of discrepancies across cardiovascular safety trials (CVOT) with SGLT-2 inhibitors in the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality is complex, because of heterogeneity in trial protocols and baseline characteristics of patients enrolled. Aim of this analysis is the exploration of possible determinants of heterogeneity of relative risk reduction for major cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality.

Methods And Results: Incidence of events (MACE and mortality) in intervention and control groups and baseline characteristics of patients were extracted for each trial (EMPAREG, CANVAS, and DECLARE).