Dyslipidaemia as a target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention in children with type 1 diabetes: lessons learned from familial hypercholesterolaemia.

In the last few decades, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has decreased dramatically among individuals affected by familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) as a result of the early initiation of statin treatment in childhood. Contemporaneously important improvements in care for people with diabetes have also been made, such as the prevention of mortality from acute diabetic complications. However, individuals with type 1 diabetes still have a two to eight times higher risk of death than the general population.

Assessing cardiovascular changes in Iraqi women with hypothyroidism.

This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular changes associated with hypothyroidism, a topic that has received significant research attention. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted in Iraq to evaluate cardiac parameters in patients with hypothyroidism, it is widely recognized that hypothyroidism can lead to reversible cardiac dysfunction in humans. The study enrolled 100 subjects, of which 50 were diagnosed with hypothyroidism and 50 without hypothyroidism.

Phenotypical evaluation of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of total lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes (CD19+), T-lymphocytes (CD3+), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-/CD56+), and monocyte subsets in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study aimed to evaluate whether B- and T-lymphocyte subsets are frequently altered in patients with T2DM.

Methods: A case-control study included 95 participants recruited in the study: 62 patients with T2DM and 33 healthy individuals.

Management of diabetic ulcers of the dorsum of the foot and distal leg ulcers.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulceration of toes, forefoot and heel have been extensively studied; however, the dorsum of the foot and the distal leg have rarely been addressed. The objective of this study was to assess diabetic ulcers of the dorsum of the foot and of the distal leg (DUDFDLs) as primary sites, or extended lesions from other foot locations, with regard to possible causes, management and outcomes.

Method: This was a retrospective study conducted in Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetic Centre (JADC) in Khartoum from January 2018 to August 2019.

Antibacterial Effects of Methanolic Extract on Wound Healing.

Commiphora gileadensis (CG) is a small tree distributed throughout the Middle East. It was traditionally used in perfumes in countries in this area. In Saudi Arabia, it was used to treat wounds burns and as an antidote to scorpion stings.

Vaccine coverage in children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes and their close contacts in Crete.

Background: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases. This study focuses on compliance of T1D patients to the recommended vaccination schedule, vaccination of their close contacts for influenza and on factors potentially contributing to vaccination program deviations.

Methods: The study population comprised children, adolescents and adults with T1D under follow-up at the Department of Pediatrics University Hospital and the Diabetic Center General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete-Greece.

Primary Prophylaxis Patterns for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: What are the Current Prescribing Trends in Specialty Practice?

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a significant complication of severe chronic liver insufficiency characterized by altered sensorium, motor, and cognitive dysfunction. This was a cross-sectional multicenter, epidemiological study to understand the prescribing pattern for primary prophylaxis of overt HE (OHE) in patients with cirrhosis in India.

Methods: The study was conducted at eight centers across different geographical regions of India.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Profiles of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Cross-sectional, Multi-centric, Epidemiological Study in India.

Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by impaired gut-brain interaction. Considering the paucity of evidence in the Indian setting, the current study was conducted to determine the sociodemographics, clinical profiles, management practices, and patients' perception among newly diagnosed patients with IBS.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, single-visit, observational, non-interventional, epidemiological study conducted across 12 centres.

Comparison of effectiveness of low-dose aspirin versus omega-3 fatty acids as adjuvants to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in Type II diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis.

Context: Periodontitis and diabetes are universally prevalent diseases which are interlinked with each other. Inflammatory products released both by the microorganisms, and the host plays a pivotal role in causing both the diseases. Pentraxins are acute-phase proteins which are often found to be elevated in inflammatory states.

Disturbed eating, illness perceptions, and coping among adults with type 1 diabetes on intensified insulin treatment, and their associations with metabolic control.

This study investigated associations between psychological aspects and metabolic control among adults with type 1 diabetes ( = 282). Linear regression analyses demonstrated that the illness perception personal control and the coping strategy seeking emotional social support explained 23.2 percent of the variance in hemoglobin A1c among females ( = 0.

Insights on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Indian Perspective.

It is critical to integrate medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by a registered dietician (RD) into primary care of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is necessary to achieve the goals of improving overall metabolic measures beyond calorie restriction and weight loss. Misconceptions about nutrition in T2DM add to the challenges of executing MNT in a culturally sensitive population.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the diabetes eating problem survey - revised (DEPS-R) among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Although an increasing amount of research has now established good psychometric properties and a three-component factor structure of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey - Revised (DEPS-R) in pediatric samples with type 1 diabetes (T1D), research using adult samples has been limited and divergent. This study therefore aimed to investigate psychometric properties and test a three-factor model of the DEPS-R among adults with T1D.

Methods: A total of 282 adults with T1D aged 18-79 years participated in the study.

Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Epidemiological, Pan-India Study.

Background: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical and epidemiological factors of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in Indian patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 432 adults with an established diagnosis of MetS were enrolled across ten centers in India. Anthropometric measurements and vital signs were noted.

Bladder Cancer In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Pioglitazone, A Comparative Study.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of bladder cancer in diabetic mellitus type II patients treated with Pioglitazone as compared with diabetic mellitus type II patients treated with other oral therapy or insulin therapy.

Methods: It was a comparative; cross sectional survey in it 1,168 patients were selected from Medical and Endocrinology out-patient departments of Jinnah hospital, Lahore and a Periphery Diabetic using non-probability purposive sampling. Patients with Duration of Type 2 Diabetics more than or equals to 2 years, both male and female aged above or equal to 40 years were selected in the study.

Similar glycaemic control with less nocturnal hypoglycaemia in a 38-week trial comparing the IDegAsp co-formulation with insulin glargine U100 and insulin aspart in basal insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To confirm non-inferiority of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) once-daily (OD) versus insulin glargine (IGlar) U100 OD + insulin aspart (IAsp) OD for HbA after 26 weeks, and compare efficacy and safety between groups at W26 + W38.

Methods: A 38-week, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target (HbA < 7.0%) trial in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (on basal insulin ± oral antidiabetic drugs; HbA 7.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of single use negative pressure wound therapy dressings (sNPWT) compared to standard of care in reducing surgical site complications (SSC) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Background: There is a growing interest in using negative pressure wound therapy in closed surgical incision to prevent wound complications which continue to persist following surgery despite advances in infection measures.

Objectives: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of single use negative pressure wound therapy (sNPWT) compared to standard of care in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) procedure to reduce surgical site complications (SSC) defined as dehiscence and sternotomy infections.

Method: A decision analytic model was developed from the Germany Statutory Health Insurance payer's perspective over a 12-week time horizon.

single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2781666 and rs2781665 confer risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Genetic polymorphisms mapped in the locus (chr6:131894344-131905472) and their functional effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The present study aimed to investigate an association between variant alleles at locus and T2DM in patients. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were characterized in a representative sample of 500 patients with T2DM and 500 healthy volunteers.

Prevalence of disturbed eating behavior and associated symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes.

Background: The increased prevalence of disturbed eating behaviors (DEB), depression, and anxiety in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally well established; however the majority of existing research to date has focused on female adolescents and young adults. Data on males and older females is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of DEB and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes, to investigate differences between individuals scoring below and above the cut-off on psychopathology, and to examine patterns of eating disorder psychopathology by age and weight.

Saliva Proteomics Analysis Offers Insights on Type 1 Diabetes Pathology in a Pediatric Population.

The composition of the salivary proteome is affected by pathological conditions. We analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry approaches saliva samples collected from children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. The list of more than 2000 high confidence protein identifications constitutes a comprehensive characterization of the salivary proteome.

Strong Association between Plasma Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activity and Impaired Cognitive Function in Elderly Population with Normal Glucose Tolerance.

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are risk factors for cognitive impairment. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was identified as a novel adipokine capable of enhancing these risk factors. Hence, we investigated the relationship between plasma DPP4 activity and impaired cognitive function in elderly Chinese population with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Diabetes Care: Inspiration from Sikhism.

Religion has been proposed as a means of enhancing patient and community acceptance of diabetes and cultural specific motivational strategies to improve diabetes care. Sikhism is a young and vibrant religion, spread across the world and the Holy Scripture Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) is regarded as the living Guru by all Sikhs. The three key pillars of Sikhism are Kirat Karni (honest living), Vand Chakna (sharing with others) and Naam Japna (focus on God).

Increased Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activity Is Associated With High Prevalence of Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Obesity, inflammation, and decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY) are risk factors for depression. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a newly identified adipokine, has been proved to promote inflammation and NPY degradation. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma DPP4 activity and depression symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.

Association of Plasma DPP4 Activity With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the GDMD Study in China.

Objective: Hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a newly identified adipokine related to these risk factors. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma DPP4 activities and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.