Comprehensive proteomics and functional annotation of mouse brown adipose tissue.

Knowledge about the mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT) proteome can provide a deeper understanding of the function of mammalian BAT. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of interscapular BAT from C57BL/6J female mice was conducted by 2DLC and high-resolution mass spectrometry to construct a comprehensive proteome dataset of mouse BAT proteins. A total of 4949 nonredundant proteins were identified, and 4495 were quantified using the iBAQ method.

New clinical screening strategy to distinguish variant-induced diabetes from young early-onset type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Objective: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young caused by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha () variants (-MODY) is a common form of monogenetic diabetes. Although patients with -MODY might specifically benefit from sulfonylurea treatment, available methods for screening this specific type of diabetes are not cost-effective. This study was designed to establish an optimized clinical strategy based on multiple biomarkers to distinguish patients with -MODY from clinically diagnosed early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) for genetic testing in a Chinese population.

Leukocyte Telomere Length Independently Predicts 3-Year Diabetes Risk in a Longitudinal Study of Chinese Population.

Cellular aging markers, including telomere length and mitochondrial function, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation markers influence each other and form a complex network, which is affected in diabetes. However, it remains unknown whether these markers could independently predict future diabetes after adjustment for their mutual effects. We conducted a 3-year longitudinal study in a Chinese cohort that comprised 108 nondiabetic individuals at baseline.

Maternal exercise and its beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in offspring.

It shows that detrimental exposures and conditions in mothers can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring. This can lead to a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction, where rising rates of obesity, pre-diabetes, and diabetes in individuals of reproductive age, propagating risks to subsequent generations. It is well established that regular exercise has important health benefits for people with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Gut microbiota: closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. However, the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored.

Hepatic DNAJB9 Drives Anabolic Biasing to Reduce Steatosis and Obesity.

Nutrients stimulate the anabolic synthesis of proteins and lipids, but selective insulin resistance in obesity biases the anabolic program toward lipogenesis. Here, we report the identification of a DNAJB9-driven program that favors protein synthesis and energy production over lipid accumulation. We show there are two pools of DNAJB9 cochaperone.

Sex-Specific Negative Association between Iron Intake and Cellular Aging Markers: Mediation Models Involving TNF.

Background: Given that the dysregulation of iron homeostasis leads to genomic instability, iron has been linked to cellular aging. However, epidemiological research on dietary iron intake and cellular aging markers is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary iron intake and cellular aging markers and to investigate whether tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) mediated this relationship.

Effects of metformin on metabolism of white and brown adipose tissue in obese C57BL/6J mice.

Background: To investigate effects of metformin on the regulation of proteins of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in obesity and explore the underlying mechanisms on energy metabolism.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal diet (ND, n = 6) or high-fat diet (HFD, n = 12) for 22 weeks. HFD-induced obese mice were treated with metformin (MET, n = 6).

First Case Report of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 4 Pedigree in a Chinese Family.

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenetic diabetes, which is easily misdiagnosed. We describe the first Chinese MODY4 family with a novel mutation, indicating that MODY4 cannot be excluded in early-onset obese diabetes, and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction could be present in MODY4.

Identification and functional analysis of GCK gene mutations in 12 Chinese families with hyperglycemia.

Aims/introduction: To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with a phenotype consistent with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 and explore the pathogenic mechanism of their hyperglycemia.

Materials And Methods: We studied 12 probands and their extended families referred to our center for screening mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK). Clinical data were collected and genetic analysis was carried out.

Screening of HNF1A and HNF4A mutation and clinical phenotype analysis in a large cohort of Chinese patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

Aims: The study aimed to screen the HNF1A and HNF4A mutation in a large Chinese cohort of high clinical suspicion of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients and characterize the clinical features of those patients. The performance of hsCRP as a biomarker to differentiate MODY3 from early onset T2DM was also evaluated.

Methods: A total of 74 patients with a strong clinical suspicion of MODY from 59 families and 33 newly diagnosed early-onset T2DM were included.

Sirtuin 5 overexpression attenuates glucolipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β cells apoptosis and dysfunction.

Recently, SIRT5 was reported to be a predominant desuccinylase and demalonylase in mitochondria. Ablation of SIRT5 enhances the systemic succinylation and malonylation of mitochondrial proteins, including various metabolic enzymes; however, its function in pancreatic β cells has not yet been clarified. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SIRT5 overexpression on glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in β cell lines.

Curcumin, A Polyphenolic Curcuminoid With Its Protective Effects and Molecular Mechanisms in Diabetes and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

As the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) imposes enormous burden on individuals and public health. Therapeutic regimes for DCM treatment have proven to be challenging, with limited efficacy, low compliance, and potential adverse effects. Curcumin, as the most active compound derived from the root of turmeric, exhibits strong anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis properties.

Liraglutide protects cardiac function in diabetic rats through the PPARα pathway.

Increasing evidence shows that diabetes causes cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesized that a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, would attenuate cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 2 groups fed either a normal diet (normal, n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 18) for 4 weeks.

The role of gut microbiota in the effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy on offspring metabolism.

Obesity is considered a global epidemic. Specifically, obesity during pregnancy programs an increased risk of the offspring developing metabolic disorders in addition to the adverse effects on the mother Large numbers of human and animal studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in obesity and metabolic diseases. Similarly, maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the composition and diversity of the intestine microbial community.

Correlation of placental microbiota with fetal macrosomia and clinical characteristics in mothers and newborns.

Substantial studies indicated that fetal macrosomia was associated with detrimental pregnancy outcomes, and increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases in later life. However, investigations into the association between placental microbiota and fetal macrosomia are limited. We aimed to profile the placental microbiota of fetal macrosomia and study whether they relate to clinical characteristics.

DNA Methylation and Birth Weight: a Genome-wide Analysis.

The study illustrate the inner correlation between global DNA methylation variation and different birth weights. Infant birth weight was used to identify cases and controls. Cord blood and placentas were collected.

Does HbA1c Level Have Clinical Implications in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aims/introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HbA1c was related to clinical outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was carried out satisfying the predefined inclusion criteria from Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Differences were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the relationships of preoperative HbA1c levels and clinical prognosis in diabetic patients.

The Placental Microbiota Is Altered among Subjects with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has significant implications for the future health of the mother and child. However, the associations between human placental microbiota and GDM are poorly understood. We aimed to profile the placental microbiota of GDM and further define whether or not certain placental microbiota taxon correlates with specific clinical characteristics.

Inflammation and insulin resistance: New targets encourage new thinking: Galectin-3 and LTB are pro-inflammatory molecules that can be targeted to restore insulin sensitivity.

Galectin-3 and LTB are pro-inflammatory molecules recently shown to directly cause insulin resistance in mouse and human cells. They are highly expressed in the obese state, and can be targeted both genetically and pharmacologically to improve insulin sensitivity in vivo. This expands on previous research showing that targeting inflammatory cytokines can be insulin sensitizing in animal models.

Dietary capsaicin and its anti-obesity potency: from mechanism to clinical implications.

Obesity is a growing public health problem, which has now been considered as a pandemic non-communicable disease. However, the efficacy of several approaches for weight loss is limited and variable. Thus, alternative anti-obesity treatments are urgently warranted, which should be effective, safe, and widely available.

Genetic analysis and literature review of Chinese patients with familial renal glucosuria: Identification of a novel SLC5A2 mutation.

Background: Familial renal glucosuria (FRG) is an inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by persistent isolated glucosuria with normal blood glucose. SLC5A2 gene mutation was the causative of FRG.

Methods: Molecular genetic analysis of SLC5A2 gene by Sanger sequencing was conducted in two unrelated non-consanguineous Chinese families with isolated glucosuria.

Maternal Low-Protein Diet Modulates Glucose Metabolism and Hepatic MicroRNAs Expression in the Early Life of Offspring †.

Emerging studies revealed that maternal protein restriction was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. However, the mechanisms of its effects on offspring, especially during early life of offspring, are poorly understood. Here, it is hypothesized that impaired metabolic health in offspring from maternal low-protein diet (LPD) is associated with perturbed miRNAs expression in offspring as early as the weaning age.

Novel insights into DNA methylation and its critical implications in diabetic vascular complications.

Recent epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetic patients can develop diabetic vascular complications even after intensive glycaemic control. It has been suggested that this phenomenon could be explained by the hypothesis of 'metabolic memory'. The underlying mechanisms between these enduring effects and the prior hyperglycaemic state are still not well understood.