Incidence and Risk Factors of Diagnosed Young-Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.: The National Health Interview Survey 2016-2022.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) among young U.S. adults.

Predictive models of post-prandial glucose response in persons with prediabetes and early onset type 2 diabetes: A pilot study.

Objective: Post-prandial glucose response (PPGR) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Meal carbohydrate content is an important predictor of PPGR, but dietary interventions to mitigate PPGR are not always successful. A personalized approach, considering behaviour and habitual pattern of glucose excursions assessed by continuous glucose monitor (CGM), may be more effective.

Dietary insulin load and index in relation to incident gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.

No study has examined the association between dietary insulin load (DIL) and insulin index (DII) with developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the association between DIL and DII and risk of GDM in a group of pregnant women in Iran. In this prospective cohort study, 812 pregnant in their first trimester were recruited and followed.

The moderating role of e-health literacy and patient-physician communication in the relationship between online diabetes information-seeking behavior and self-care practices among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Background: This study examined the moderating role of e-health literacy (eHL) and patient-physician communication in the relationship between online diabetes information-seeking behavior (online DISB) and self-care practices.

Methods: A total of 1143 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus completed a cross-sectional survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, data relating to diabetes clinical history, online DISB, eHL (eHealth Literacy Scale), aspects of patient-physician communication (IPC survey), patient self-care (Self-Care Inventory-Revised), and medication adherence (measure of adherence to prescribed diabetes medications). The data were analyzed using both bivariate (correlation) and multivariate (multiple linear regression) analyses using maximum likelihood estimation procedures in Mplus.

Weight discrimination partially mediates the longitudinal relationship between Body Mass Index and pain.

Pain is common among individuals with high Body Mass Index (BMI). This study investigated weight discrimination as a mediator of the longitudinal relationship between BMI and the presence of moderate/severe pain among adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort. ELSA is a longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults living in England.

Habitual pre-exercise caffeine supplementation prevents exercise-training induced attenuation of exercising systolic blood pressure and double-product.

We examined the effect of habitual pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on training-induced adaptations to exercising systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), and double product (DP). Young women (mean±SD; 24±7 y) were randomized to a caffeine (120 mg) supplement (CAF; n=17) or placebo (PLA; n=16) group, completed 6-weeks of high intensity exercise training on three non-consecutive days per week, and supplemented with CAF or PLA 30-60 minutes before exercise or else upon waking. Before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention, SBP, DBP, and HR were measured, and PP and DP calculated, at rest and during fixed-power exercise at 50W and 75W.

Spatial associations between measures of public transportation and diabetic foot ulcer outcomes in the state of Georgia: 2016-2019.

Introduction: There are limited data regarding the associations between public transportation reliance, availability, and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU)-related amputations.

Research Design And Methods: We used visit-level data from the Georgia 2016-2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database and obtained transportation variables from open sources. Using Bayesian spatial-temporal models, we assessed the associations between transportation and DFU-related amputations within each quartile of poverty status indicators at the ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) level.

The effect of Sarcomeal® oral supplementation plus vitamin D3 on muscle parameters and metabolic factors in diabetic sarcopenia patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for sarcopenia, a muscle dystrophy affecting older individuals. Sarcopenia management typically involves resistance exercise and oral supplements. Given the limitations of resistance training for many elderly individuals, oral supplements play a crucial role in treatment.

Addressing Disparities Using Continuous Glucose Monitors and Remote Patient Monitoring for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and public insurance have lower diabetes technology use. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a program to support continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use with remote patient monitoring (RPM) to improve glycemia for youth with established T1D and public insurance.

Methods: From August 2020 to June 2023, we provided CGM with RPM support via patient portal messaging for youth with established T1D on public insurance with challenges obtaining consistent CGM supplies.

L-Arginine supplementation as mitochondrial therapy in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

In patients with type II diabetes, the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and exercise intolerance are the first signs of DC. The underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated, and there is an urgent need for specific biomarkers and molecular targets for early diagnosis and treatment.

The effect of maternal dietary polyphenol consumption on offspring metabolism.

The early intrauterine environment of mothers during pregnancy significantly affects the metabolic health of their offspring. Existing studies suggest that poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity or diabetes in offspring, so it is highly important to intervene during pregnancy to prevent metabolic disorders in mothers and their offspring. Polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are found in many foods and have protective effects on obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

Novel immunoinflammatory blood markers in Graves' orbitopathy: insights into activity and severity.

Objective: This prospective case-control study examined the novel immunoinflammatory markers obtained from blood counts of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), Graves' disease (GD) and healthy subjects.

Methods: Demographic data, white cell count parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RDW/PLT), MPV-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPV/ALC), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were evaluated. The European Group on Graves Orbitopathy scale and Clinical Activity Score were used for clinical activity and severity assessment.

Galectin-3 in metabolic disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Galectin-3 (Gal3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is expressed predominantly in immunological and inflammatory cells. Gal3 expression is elevated in metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and plays an important role in the progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the structure and post-translational modifications of Gal3 and the cellular functions of Gal3 according to its subcellular localization.

Project ECHO Diabetes Trial Improves Outcomes for Medically Underserved People.

Objective: The Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model is used in 180 countries to address chronic disease care through a provider empowerment, tele-education approach. Few studies have rigorously evaluated the impact of the program on patient outcomes using randomized designs.

Research Design And Methods: Implementation of an ECHO Diabetes program was evaluated using a stepped-wedge design with recruitment of 20 federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) across California and Florida with randomized, phased-in intervention entry.

Exogenous Ketones in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: From Bench to Bedside.

Ketone bodies are molecules produced from fatty acids in the liver that act as energy carriers to peripheral tissues when glucose levels are low. Carbohydrate- and calorie-restricted diets, known to increase the levels of circulating ketone bodies, have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits in several diseases. Specifically, increasing ketones through dietary modulation has been reported to be beneficial for cardiovascular health and to improve glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance.

Exposure to PCB52 (2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) blunts induction of the gene for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white adipose.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are linked to cancer, learning disabilities, liver and cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Older schools often contain high levels of PCBs, and inhalation is a major source of exposure. Technical PCB mixtures, called Aroclors, and individual dioxin-like PCBs impair adipocyte function, which can lead to type II diabetes.

Predicting control of cardiovascular disease risk factors in South Asia using machine learning.

A substantial share of patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) fail to achieve control of CVD risk factors, but clinicians lack a structured approach to identify these patients. We applied machine learning to longitudinal data from two completed randomized controlled trials among 1502 individuals with diabetes in urban India and Pakistan. Using commonly available clinical data, we predict each individual's risk of failing to achieve CVD risk factor control goals or meaningful improvements in risk factors at one year after baseline.

Impact of pre- and post-exercise strategies on hypoglycemic risk for two modalities of aerobic exercise among adults and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: We investigated strategies to mitigate hypoglycemic risk during and after different aerobic exercises in people with type 1 diabetes (pwT1D) using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty-seven pwT1D (21 adults, 16 adolescents; HbA1c = 7.5 ± 1.

Future Medications for Obesity and Clinical Implications.

Semaglutide and tirzepatide have recently been approved for obesity and found to achieve ≥15% weight loss in clinical trials. These drugs have been referred to as second-generation medications because the unprecedented degree of weight loss they afford is sufficient to treat or prevent a broad array of obesity complications and related diseases. Many other medications are in development based on the actions of nutrient-regulated hormones (NRHs), including mono-, dual-, and triple-receptor agonists/antagonists for glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, amylin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and glucagon.

Maternal exercise programs placental miR-495-5p-mediated Snx7 expression and kynurenic acid metabolic pathway induced by prenatal high-fat diet: Based on miRNA-seq, transcriptomics, and metabolomics.

Poor intrauterine environments increase the prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases in offspring, whereas maternal exercise is an effective measure to break this vicious intergenerational cycle. Placenta is increasingly being studied to explore its role in maternal-fetal metabolic cross-talk. The association between placental miRNA and offspring development trajectories has been established, yet the specific role and mechanism thereof in maternal exercise-induced metabolic protection remain elusive.