Genetic predisposition to nephropathy and associated cardiovascular disease in people with type 1 diabetes: role of the angiotensinI-converting enzyme (ACE), and beyond; a narrative review.

Hypertension, cardiovascular disease and kidney failure are associated with persistent hyperglycaemia and the subsequent development of nephropathy in people with diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with widespread vascular disease affecting both the kidney and the heart from an early stage. However, the risk of diabetic nephropathy in people with type 1 diabetes is strongly genetically determined, as documented in familial transmission studies.

Strategies to Guide Paediatric Type 1 Diabetes Management and Transition of Care: A State-Of-The-Art Review.

Aim: The aim of the study was to synthesise current evidence on the transition of type 1 diabetes management responsibility from caregiver to child.

Design: A state-of-the-art review was conducted.

Methods: Using Rayyan software, two authors independently performed the study selection.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and type1/type2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by a complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway, along with hypoxemia, microarousals, and sleep fragmentation. Compelling evidence has clarified a bidirectional correlation between OSA and diabetes mellitus (DM). This paper was to assess the link between OSA and DM via meta-analysis, consisting of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Bioengineering and omics approaches for Type 1 diabetes practical research: advancements and constraints.

Insulin dependency arises from autoimmunity that targets the β cells of the pancreas, resulting in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite the fact that T1D patients require insulin for survival, insulin does not provide a cure for this disease or prevent its complications. Despite extensive genetic, molecular, and cellular research on T1D over the years, the translation of this understanding into effective clinical therapies continues to pose a significant obstacle.

Pathological Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: A Review for Clinicians.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, driven by the novel coronavirus and its variants, has caused over 518 million infections and 6.25 million deaths globally, leading to a significant health crisis. Beyond its primary respiratory impact, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in various extra-pulmonary complications.

Sirolimus alleviated intractable diarrhea of IPEX syndrome: a case report and literature review.

Background: Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare single-gene X-linked immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) gene. The typical clinical manifestations of IPEX mainly include severe atopic dermatitis, insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus, and intractable diarrhea.

Case Presentation: Here, we report a boy with intractable diarrhea diagnosed with early-onset IPEX syndrome due to the c.

Health Promotion in Glycemic Control and Emotional Well-Being of People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/objectives: Structured therapeutic patient education is the key to improving biopsychosocial outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effects of structured therapeutic education on glycemic control and emotional well-being in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This is a systematic review with a meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023390079).

Vitamin D Supplementation as a Therapeutic Strategy in Autoimmune Diabetes: Insights and Implications for LADA Management.

Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is the most prevalent form of autoimmune diabetes (AI-D) in adulthood; however, its accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment remain challenging. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is commonly observed in LADA patients, while increased vitamin D exposure through supplementation and dietary intake is associated with a reduced incidence of LADA. Although limited, case reports, case-control studies, and randomized clinical trials have examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation-alone or combined with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-is)-on glucose regulation, residual β-cell function, and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA65) levels.

Beta-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Mediators of Intercellular Communication in the Islet Microenvironment in Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by an autoimmune response specifically mounted against the insulin-producing beta cells. Within the islet, high cellular connectivity and extensive vascularisation facilitate intra-islet communication and direct crosstalk with the surrounding tissues and the immune system. During the development of T1D, cytokines and extracellular vesicles released by beta cells can contribute to the recruitment of immune cells, further amplifying autoimmunity and aggravating beta cell damage and dysfunction.

Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Celiac Disease and Diabetes: Focus on the Intestinal Mucosa.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes essential for numerous cellular processes, such as cell growth, inflammation, differentiation, immune-mediated responses and oncogenic transformation. The aim of this review is to review the literature concerning the role of several PTPs-PTPN22, PTPN2, PTPN6, PTPN11, PTPσ, DUSP2, DUSP6 and PTPRK-at the level of the intestinal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease (CeD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results revealed shared features, at the level of the intestinal mucosa, between these diseases characterized by alterations of different biological processes, such as proliferation, autoimmunity, cell death, autophagy and inflammation.

Online diabetes self-management education application for reducing glycated hemoglobin level among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) online application for reducing glycated hemoglobin levels among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Main Text: The Web of Science (WoS), Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, PROSPERO, and EMBASE databases were searched with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms without minimum time limitation until February 2024. To be eligible, all the following predefined inclusion criteria must have been met in the original randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies without language limitation including T1DM, patients, online digital interventions such as web-based, mobile health applications, or e-health, 3 or more months follow-up, and measuring HbA1c.

Parental Psychosocial Variables and Glycemic Control in T1D Pediatric Age: A Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: This review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between parental psychosocial (e.g., fear of hypoglycemia, stress and family conflict) and glycemic outcomes in children between the age of 1-10 years old.

Nutritional Guidelines for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its Adherence- A Narrative Review.

Nutritional guidelines are of importance in directing food choices of T1D patients. The objective is to summarise existing nutritional recommendations and examine its adherence by T1D patients. Literature was searched on dietary guidelines in T1D using electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, in English and 29 papers were selected.

Hybrid closed-loop systems for managing blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and economic modelling.

Background: Hybrid closed-loop systems are a new class of technology to manage type 1 diabetes mellitus. The system includes a combination of real-time continuous glucose monitoring from a continuous glucose monitoring device and a control algorithm to direct insulin delivery through an insulin pump. Evidence suggests that such technologies have the potential to improve the lives of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their families.

Global epidemiology and characteristics of MASLD in type 1 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is often overlooked in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the burden of MASLD in T1DM by assessing the prevalence of MASLD and its advanced forms in individuals with T1DM.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Embase databases (from inception to May 5, 2024) for original articles on the prevalence or characteristics of MASLD (as detected by blood biomarkers/scores, imaging techniques or liver biopsy) in adults with T1DM.

[Advances in continuous glucose monitoring: evidence of a new generation technology].

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides comprehensive and dynamic information to guide the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). This paper summarizes the evidence and implications of the use of the new CGM system, FreeStyle Libre 2 (FSL2). A global review of the literature on the use of FSL2 in people with DM was performed.

Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis in health and disease states: an update on the role of intra-portal insulin.

Growth hormone (GH) is the key regulator of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) generation in healthy states. However, portal insulin delivery is also an essential co-player in the regulation of the GH/IGF-I axis by affecting and regulating hepatic GH receptor synthesis, and subsequently altering hepatic GH sensitivity and IGF-I generation. Disease states of GH excess (e.

Translation, adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Quality of Life in a Child's Chronic Disease Questionnaire for the Swedish context.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and psychometrically evaluate the Quality of Life in a Child's Chronic Disease Questionnaire (QLCCDQ) for the Swedish context. The QLCCDQ was translated into Swedish and adapted to the Swedish context. Data for psychometric testing were obtained through a survey of parents of children and adolescents (n = 627) with chronic diseases: asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus, with a total of 173 responses (27.

Retrospective Comparison of Early Versus Late Initiation of Long-Acting Insulin in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Objective: Determine whether early administration (EA) of long-acting insulin in pediatric diabetic -ketoacidosis (DKA) reduces time to acidosis resolution while maintaining safety when compared with late administration (LA).

Methods: This retrospective review compared EA (within 4 hours) to LA (4 to 24 hours) of long-acting insulin in DKA management in the pediatric intensive care unit between 2015 and 2022. Admissions were excluded for patients ≥18 years of age, without type 1 diabetes, with insufficient laboratory data, or who did not receive insulin glargine within 24 hours of starting treatment.

Navigating the Complexity of Stiff Person Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Stiff person spectrum disorder is a disease that involves a host of conditions that are associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kilodalton isoform autoantibodies. These conditions may include diabetes mellitus type 1, pernicious anemia, autoimmune leukoencephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia, and stiff-person syndrome. Clinical recognition and diagnosis of stiff person spectrum disorder are important early, as immunologic treatment options showing reliable efficacy in slowing disease progression are available.

Drugs stimulating insulin secretion in early clinical development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes: what's new?

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by the selective destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The etiology of T1D is multifactorial, with a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers believed to underlie beta-cell destruction. Preserving and prolonging beta-cell function in T1D is a pivotal therapeutic objective that can mitigate disease progression and improve glycemic control.

Health economic evaluation of structured education programs for patients with diabetes: a systematic review.

Background: Diabetes structured education programs have been demonstrated to effectively improve glycemic control and self-management behaviors. However, evidence on the health economic evaluation of these programs is limited.

Objectives: To systematically review the health economic evaluation of structured education programs for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.