ICMR-MDRF Diabetes Biosamples: Cohort profile.

Background & objectives Biobanks are crucial for biomedical research, enabling new treatments and medical advancements. The biobank at the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) aims to gather, process, store, and distribute biospecimens to assist scientific studies. Methods This article details the profile of two cohorts: the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study and the Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (ICMR-YDR).

Adherence to diabetic retinopathy screening among children and young adults in Bangladesh.

Background: Effective diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) programmes are important in preventing vision impairment and blindness caused by diabetes. This study focuses on identifying the factors affecting attendance or non-adherence to DRS among children and young adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Bangladesh.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, which included patients diagnosed with DM aged 12-26 years from Bangladesh who were registered at BIRDEM Women and Children hospital in Dhaka.

Expert eValuation of Efficacy and Rationality of Vildagliptin "EVER-Vilda": An Indian Perspective.

Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is effective in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when administered as monotherapy, dual or triple combination therapy. In India, Vildagliptin is commonly prescribed in T2DM patients because it reduces mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), has lower risk of hypoglycemia and is weight neutral. Early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin is effective and well-tolerated in patients with T2DM, regardless of age or ethnicity.

The Impact of a Collaborative Care Model on Health Trajectories among Patients with Co-Morbid Depression and Diabetes: The INDEPENDENT Study.

Context: Collaborative care models for depression have been successful in a variety of settings, but their success may differ by patient engagement. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the INDEPENDENT trial to investigate the role of differential engagement of participants on health outcomes over 3 years.

Settings And Design: INDEPENDENT study was a parallel, single-blinded, randomised clinical trial conducted at four socio-economically diverse clinics in India.

Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17).

Background: Non-communicable disease (NCD) rates are rapidly increasing in India with wide regional variations. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of metabolic NCDs in India and analyse interstate and inter-regional variations.

Methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a cross-sectional population-based survey, assessed a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years and older drawn from urban and rural areas of 31 states, union territories, and the National Capital Territory of India.

Indian Reality of Clinical Practice and Patient Profile in Diabetes Care: Lessons from the IMPACT survey.

Unlabelled: India shoulders a heavy burden of diabetes mellitus (DM), the management of which is suboptimal globally.& Objectives: Insulin Management: Practical Aspects in Choice of Therapy (IMPACT) survey was designed to gain insight into the ground (in-clinic) reality of DM management by physicians in India.

Methods: A survey consisting of 12 multiple-choice questions was conducted by SurveyMonkey® , focusing on practice profile, patient profile, and other aspects of DM management.

We mind your step: understanding and preventing drop-out in the transfer from paediatric to adult tertiary endocrine healthcare.

Introduction: Transition from paediatric to adult endocrinology can be challenging for adolescents, their families and healthcare professionals. Previous studies have shown that up to 25% of young adults with endocrine disorders are lost to follow-up after moving out of paediatric care. This poses a health risk for young adults, which can lead to serious and expensive medical acute and long-term complications.

REAL-world evidence of risk factors and comorbidities in YOUNG Indian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A REAL YOUNG (diabetes) study.

Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in young adult patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicentric real-world study that included young adults (18-45 years) with T2DM. Primary information including demographics, medical and family history, biochemical measures (pre-and post-prandial blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood pressure, and lipid parameters) smoking and drinking habits were collected retrospectively from the medical records of the respective hospitals/clinics.

Variations in glycated haemoglobin with age among individuals with normal glucose tolerance: Implications for diagnosis and treatment-Results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based study (INDIAB-12).

Aim: To report on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at different age groups, using data acquired from a large national survey in India.

Materials And Methods: Data on glycaemic parameters at different age groups were obtained from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, in adults aged ≥ 20 years representing all parts of India. Age-wise distribution of HbA1c was assessed among individuals with NGT (n = 14,222) confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Laughter therapy in diabetes.

Gelotology, or the science of laughter, is developing as a complementary field of medicine. Laughter therapy has been shown to have multifaceted physiological and endocrine benefits, and is being used to help manage various chronic diseases. This communication describes some aspects of laughter therapy, and reviews evidence related to its therapeutic potential in diabetes care.

Transition readiness among adolescents with rare endocrine conditions.

Objective: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with common endocrine disorders show a high dropout (up to 50%) after the transfer from paediatric to adult endocrinology. Little is known about transition readiness in rare endocrine conditions (rEC). This study aims to assess medical self-management skills (SMS) among AYA with rEC in relation to age and gender, in order to understand dropout and increase transition readiness.

Insulinization in T2DM with Basal Analogues During COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Opinion from an Indian Panel.

The ongoing global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed a severe strain on the management of chronic conditions like diabetes. Optimal glycemic control is always important, but more so in the existing environment of COVID-19. In this context, timely insulinization to achieve optimal glycemic control assumes major significance.

Capacity and confidence building for general practitioners on optimum insulin use.

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a progressive decline in insulin secretion, and sooner or later patients require insulin therapy. However, physicians are reluctant to initiate insulin therapy because of perceived inadequacy in managing insulin therapy, cost and lack of benefits. Experts from across the country met at a workshop during 12th National Insulin Summit which was held in September at Hyderabad and came up with key recommendations to build capacity and confidence in general practitioners for insulin usage.

Quality of Hypertension Management in Type 2 Diabetes in India: A Multisite Prescription Audit.

Background And Objective: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ACEI, angiotensin receptor blockers, ARB) are preferred drugs to control hypertension among diabetic patients. To determine frequency of RAS blocker use in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, we performed a multisite study in India.

Methods: We evaluated physician prescriptions in consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes at 9 sites in India.

A Multicentre, Open label, Randomized, Comparative, Parallel Group, Active-controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Arbekacin Sulphate Injection versus Vancomycin Injection in Patients Diagnosed with MRSA Infection.

Background: Increasing resistance to currently available antimicrobials has led to the development of new agents. Arbekacin is aminoglycoside antibiotic currently used in Japan and Korea for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including MRSA. Currently there is no published data available for use of Arbekacin in Indian patient population, thus the present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Arbekacin in Indian population.

IMPACT India: Insights for Insulin Therapy in Routine Clinical Practice.

Objective: Widely used in the management of diabetes, insulin therapy is influenced by several patient preferences and physician choices. This article reports the findings of the IMPACT survey, designed to assess insights on various factors which influence the choice of insulin therapy in India.

Methods: We administered a questionnaire which focused on the practice and patient profiles and the preferred regimens in specific clinical situations using a case scenario.

Evidence-Based Consensus on Positioning of SGLT2i in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indians.

The current diabetes management strategies not only aim at controlling glycaemic parameters but also necessitate continuous medical care along with multifactorial risk reduction through a comprehensive management concept. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of evolving antidiabetic agents that have the potential to play a pivotal role in the comprehensive management of patients with diabetes due to their diverse beneficial effects. SGLT2i provide moderate glycaemic control, considerable body weight and blood pressure reduction, and thus have the ability to lower the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications.

Expert Opinion: Patient Selection for Premixed Insulin Formulations in Diabetes Care.

Premixed insulins are an important tool for glycemic control in persons with diabetes. Equally important in diabetes care is the selection of the most appropriate insulin regimen for a particular individual at a specific time. Currently, the choice of insulin regimens for initiation or intensification of therapy is a subjective decision.

Effect of telmisartan on blood pressure in patients of type 2 diabetes with or without complications.

Introduction: Telmisartan is one of the preferred choices of antihypertensive in patients of diabetes with hypertension (HTN) and lowers blood pressure (BP) effectively.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine BP-lowering efficacy of telmisartan monotherapy in patients of Stage I HTN with or without complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, patients of T2DM without (Group A) or with (Group B) complications who had Stage I HTN and were prescribed telmisartan (20-80 mg/day) treatment were identified from database.

A 52-week extension study of switching from gemigliptin vs sitagliptin to gemigliptin only as add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin alone.

We investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of gemigliptin and the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin treatment after once-daily treatment with sitagliptin 100 mg, in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a 28-week extension of a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel study of gemigliptin or sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy. After randomization to sitagliptin 100 mg qd (S), gemigliptin 25 mg bid (G1) or gemigliptin 50 mg qd (G2) and after completing 24 weeks of treatment, 118 patients switched from gemigliptin 25 mg bid to 50 mg qd (G1/G2), 111 patients continued gemigliptin 50 mg qd (G2/G2) and 106 patients switched from sitagliptin 100 mg qd to gemigliptin 50 mg qd (S/G2).

Clinical practice points for diabetes management during RAMADAN fast.

Diabetes management during Ramadan is very crucial from the patient perspective as it can present significant risk of hypoglycemia and death when proper care is not taken. Moreover, managing diabetes in fasting Ramadan patients require different mechanisms than the routine diabetes management and pose significant challenge to the health care practitioners. Here we set forth to review the available literature of various clinical trials and studies on different antidiabetic agents in the context of Ramadan.

Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have not adequately captured the heterogeneous nature of the diabetes epidemic in India. The aim of the ongoing national Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes study is to estimate the national prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in India by estimating the prevalence by state.

Methods: We used a stratified multistage design to obtain a community-based sample of 57 117 individuals aged 20 years or older.

Consensus on Initiation and Intensification of Premix Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Management.

Introduction: Premix insulin is the most commonly used insulin preparation in India. The first Indian premix guidelines were developed in 2009 and thereafter were updated in 2013. There is a need to revisit the Indian premix insulin guidelines, in view of emerging evidence and introduction of newer co-formulations.

Vitamin D: A Critical Micronutrient for Vascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for endothelial dysfunction which in turn affects the onset and progression of vascular disease including coronary artery disease and its risk factor, directly or indirectly through various mechanisms. This study was undertaken to find out association between vitamin D and endothelial dilatation of brachial artery, which may help to suggest possible underlying mechanisms and may be of clinical importance in planning preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Material And Methods: 50 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 40-60 years were taken.