Outcomes of Cyclosporine Treatment in Pediatric Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS): A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS) is a rare but severe hypersensitivity reaction. This retrospective cohort study compared the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids, the current first-line therapy, with cyclosporine, an emerging alternative therapy, in pediatric DReSS patients. We analyzed 14 cases of pediatric patients (<18 years) admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children between January 2016 and September 2023.

Characteristics of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica based on glucocorticoid dose in Japan: A cohort study using routinely collected health data.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the characteristics, inflammatory markers as surrogates for disease activity, and treatment of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in Japan.

Methods: This cohort study analysed the data of 373 patients with PMR retrieved from an electronic medical records database in Japan. Patients were classified into quartiles, based on the daily glucocorticoid dose over the initial 90 days of treatment (Q1-Q4).

Strong Association of Autoantibodies Targeting Deamidated Extracellular Epitopes of Insulinoma Antigen-2 (IA-2) with Clinical Onset of Type 1 Diabetes.

Increasing evidence shows that pathogenic T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) that may have evaded negative selection recognize post-translational modified (PTM) epitopes of self-antigens. We have investigated the profiles of autoantibodies specifically targeting the deamidated epitopes of insulinoma antigen-2 extracellular domain (IA-2ec) to explore their relationship with T1D development. We compared the characteristics of autoantibodies targeting the IA-2ec Q>E epitopes (PTM IA-2ecA) as well as those targeting the IA-2ec unmodified epitopes (IA-2ecA) in participants across different stages of T1D development and in individuals with other types of diabetes and other kinds of autoimmunity.

Effectiveness and Safety of Vildagliptin Sustained Release in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Real-World Evidence in Indian Patients [NOVELTY Study].

Background And Objective: Vildagliptin sustained release (XR), a formulation that provides vildagliptin 100 mg with a once-daily dose administration, is a recent introduction to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of vildagliptin XR in patients with type 2 diabetes in real-world clinical settings.

Methods: This was an observational, prospective, multicenter, cohort study conducted in India, which included patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin XR monotherapy with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7.

Association of the abdominal aortic calcification with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality: Prospective cohort study.

Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a prevalent form of vascular calcification associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While previous studies on AAC and cardiovascular risk exist, many have limitations such as small sample sizes and limited clinical significance outcomes. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between AAC and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality rates in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Narrative Review.

SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as a remarkable class of drugs, revolutionizing the management of various medical conditions beyond their initial purpose of controlling diabetes. With their proven benefits in cardiovascular health, kidney disease, hypertension, and even potential applications in cancer treatment, SGLT2 inhibitors have broadened their scope. While concerns about adverse effects and contraindications exist, these medications hold great promise for a diverse range of patients.

2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Retrospective Cohort Study of Pediatric COVID-19 in a Rural Integrated Health System.

Introduction: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to a global pandemic and public health crisis, which affected the physical health and mental well-being of Americans in every part of the country. Although the effect of the pandemic was ubiquitous, it has been more extensively studied in urban areas, which leads to an underscoring of the burden of COVID-19 in rural US. Health disparities adversely affect children in rural communities, each of which is unique and requires interventions based on regional needs.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first trimester did not adversely impact perinatal and obstetric outcomes subsequent to in vitro fertilization with frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of first-trimester COVID-19 infection on the perinatal and obstetric outcomes following in vitro fertilization-frozen embryo transfer.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a university-affiliated IVF center. The infection group included women who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the first trimester following frozen embryo transfer in China's initial pandemic wave that occurred from 7 December 2022 to 7 January 2023.

Protective effects of Euphorbia heterophylla against testicular degeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in relation to phytochemical profile.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major risk to human health due to an array of implications, one of which is a detrimental effect on the testicular and reproductive functions. Euphorbia heterophylla is widely recognized for its medicinal properties worldwide.

Methods And Findings: The objective of this study was to profile E.

Assessment of complications in adjacent natural teeth compared to contralateral teeth in single posterior implant cases.

Osseointegrated dental implants represent a successful treatment modality for partial and complete edentulism. However, concerns persist regarding their impact on adjacent natural teeth. Conflicting literature exists regarding complications such as caries, mobility, and fractures in neighboring teeth, with few studies comparing these effects with those observed in contralateral natural teeth.

Parental experience of change following VIPP-SD in families with preschool children with externalizing behavior: A qualitative interview study.

Background: Insensitive parenting and ineffective disciplinary strategies are known risk factors for child externalizing behavior. The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) has documented effect in promoting sensitive parenting, but little is known on how VIPP-SD is experienced by parents. This study explores how parents of preschool children with externalizing behaviors experience change following VIPP-SD delivered by trained childcare providers.

The associations between cardiovascular and pain responses to a cold pressor test differ between males and females.

Nociceptors contribute to the cardiovascular responses during a cold pressor test (CPT). While these responses are lower in females, data suggest that they perceive the CPT as more painful. Thus, we examined sex differences in associations between pain and cardiovascular responses to a CPT (Aim 1) as well as differences between females using (OC), and not using (NC), an oral contraceptive (Aim 2).

Exosomes in Autoimmune Diseases: A Review of Mechanisms and Diagnostic Applications.

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, have emerged as key players in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. These vesicles serve as mediators of intercellular communication, facilitating the transfer of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleotide. In autoimmune diseases, exosomes have been implicated in modulating immune responses, oxidative stress, autophagy, gut microbes, and the cell cycle, contributing to disease initiation, progression, and immune dysregulation.

A new mechanism of arterial calcification in diabetes: interaction between H3K18 lactylation and CHI3L1.

Metabolic changes are an important characteristic of vascular complications in diabetes. The accumulation of lactate in the microenvironment can promote VSMC calcification in diabetes, although the specific mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the characteristics of lactylation in diabetic arterial calcification and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Novel T Cell reactivities to Hybrid Insulin Peptides in Islet Autoantibody-Positive At-Risk Subjects.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells. Our studies indicate that CD4 T cells reactive to Hybrid Insulin Peptides (HIPs) play a critical role in T cell-mediated beta-cell destruction. We have shown that HIPs form in human islets between fragments of the C-peptide and cleavage products of secretory granule proteins.

Once-weekly IcoSema versus once-weekly semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: the COMBINE 2 randomised clinical trial.

Aims/hypothesis: COMBINE 2 assessed the efficacy and safety of once-weekly IcoSema (a combination therapy of basal insulin icodec and semaglutide) vs once-weekly semaglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue) 1.0 mg in individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy, with or without additional oral glucose-lowering medications.

Methods: This 52 week, randomised, multicentre, open-label, parallel group, Phase IIIa trial was conducted across 121 sites in 13 countries/regions.

The effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone health in chronic kidney disease.

Fracture is an under-recognized but common complication of diabetes mellitus, with an incidence approaching twofold in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and up to sevenfold in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with that in the general population. Both T1DM and T2DM induce chronic hyperglycaemia, leading to the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products that affect osteoblast function, increased collagen crosslinking and a senescence phenotype promoting inflammation. Together with an increased incidence of microvascular disease and an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, these factors reduce bone quality, thereby increasing bone fragility.

Proline exacerbates hepatic gluconeogenesis via paraspeckle-dependent mRNA retention.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health issue characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels and is often associated with excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis. Increased circulating non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) are consistently observed in individuals with T2D; however, the specific contribution of each amino acid to T2D pathogenesis remains less understood. Here, we report an unexpected role of the NEAA proline in coordinating hepatic glucose metabolism by modulating paraspeckle, a nuclear structure scaffolded by the long non-coding RNA Neat1.

Investigation of a targeted panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The gut-kidney axis is implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) morbidity. We describe how a panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins relates to kidney function and neurocognitive outcomes in children with CKD, consisting of indoleacetate, 3-indoxylsulfate, p-cresol glucuronide, p-cresol sulfate, and phenylacetylglutamine.

Methods: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort is a North American multicenter prospective cohort that enrolled children aged 6 months to 16 years with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-89 ml/min/1.

Multidimensional Sleep Health, Glycemic Control, and Self-Reported Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Context: Sleep health is multidimensional. While studies have shown associations between certain sleep dimensions and health in type 1 diabetes (T1D), global sleep health has rarely been considered.

Objective: To examine the associations between individual sleep dimensions and multidimensional sleep health (MSH) on glycemic control and self-reported outcomes in T1D.

Amino acids and CART distinguish A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes from type 1 and type 2 diabetes during hyperglycemic crises.

Context: When clinically stable, patients with A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.

Objective: Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modeling to distinguish these forms of diabetes.

Application of the Diagnosis Grouping System to Pediatric Emergency Department Encounters.

Objective: Diagnosis grouping systems are essential for health services and epidemiological and health outcomes research. The Diagnosis Grouping System (DGS) was developed to classify International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis codes for pediatric emergency department (ED) encounters. We applied and compared the DGS to large samples of US ED encounters for children using 3 large health system databases.

The outcome of diabetic retinopathy health education program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may develop into sight-threatening DR and vision loss if early intervention is not carried out. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of DR health education program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The quasi-experimental research design was applied.