Pregnancy and birth complications among women undergoing bariatric surgery: sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Metabolic bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for severe obesity, which affects the health of millions, most of whom are women of child-bearing age. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are the most common bariatric procedures and are associated with durable weight loss and comorbidity resolution. Although obstetric outcomes broadly improve, the safety profile comparing the impact of RYGB and SG on obstetric outcomes is underexplored.

Gegen Qinlian Decoction inhibits liver ferroptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus models by targeting Nrf2.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that can lead to complications affecting multiple organs, including the liver. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has demonstrated considerable efficacy in the management of T2DM and its complications in accordance with the tenets of modern Chinese medicine. However, the molecular mechanism by which GQD alleviates diabetic liver injury is unclear.

Injectable bioresponsive bone adhesive hydrogels inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome on demand to accelerate diabetic fracture healing.

Diabetes is associated with excessive inflammation, which negatively impacts the fracture healing process and delays bone repair. Previously, growing evidence indicated that activation of the nod-like receptor (NLR) family, such as nod-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome induces a vicious cycle of chronic low-grade inflammatory responses in diabetic fracture. Here, we describe the synthesis of a bone adhesive hydrogel that can be locally injected into the fracture site and releases a natural inhibitor of NLRP3 (rutin) in response to pathological cue reactive oxygen species activity (ROS).

Perivascular adipose tissue: a central player in the triad of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular health.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a dynamic tissue that affects vascular function and cardiovascular health. The connection between PVAT, the immune system, obesity, and vascular disease is complex and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular inflammation. In cardiometabolic diseases, PVAT becomes a significant source of proflammatory adipokines, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells, in cardiometabolic diseases, PVAT becomes a significant source of proinflammatory adipokines, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells, promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migrationpromoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Effects of specific symbiotic supplements on anthropometric measurements, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two teaching hospitals in Baghdad/Iraq: a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that symbiotics might effectively manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by modulating the intestinal microbiota. However, these studies' limited sources, small sample sizes, and varied study designs have led to inconsistent outcomes regarding glycaemic control. This study aimed to investigate the effects of symbiotics on the anthropometric measures, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM.

Bias in machine learning applications to address non-communicable diseases at a population-level: a scoping review.

Background: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in population and public health to support epidemiological studies, surveillance, and evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify studies that use ML in population health, with a focus on its use in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also examine potential algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, as well as efforts to mitigate these biases.

Daily activities and suspected dementia among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dementia is undiagnosed among many older adults, and more than half the people in local communities live with symptoms of dementia are not properly treated.

Objective: The study aims to explore the relationship between decline of daily activities and the incidence of suspected dementia.

Methods: A two-stage sampling method was used to conduct a multicenter cross-sectional survey.

Comorbidities, drug-resistance and length of hospital stay among tuberculosis inpatients in Northeastern China: a retrospective observational study from 2013 to 2021.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue. Drug-resistant TB and comorbidities exacerbate its burden, influencing treatment outcomes and healthcare utilization. Despite the growing prevalence of TB comorbidities, research often focuses on single comorbidities rather than comorbidity patterns.

Evaluating the adherent perinephric fat risk score in East Asian populations and its correlation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background And Aims: This study evaluated the predictive value of the APF risk score in East Asian patients undergoing open nephrectomy and its correlation with hypertension and NAFLD.

Methods And Results: A retrospective study used the clinical data of 82 patients who underwent ON between January 2010 and December 2022. Per their APF score, patients were categorized into groups A (0-2 points) and B (3-4 points).

Comparative survival of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adults with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The difference in survival between sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains controversial.

Objective: To investigate the comparative survival difference between SG and RYGB in adults with morbid obesity.

Setting: A meta-analysis.

Impact of obesity on tolerance and persistence of statins in patients within 3months following an acute myocardial infarction: A real-world study.

Background: Recommended treatment after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves high-intensity statin therapy to achieve the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) target of<1.4mmol/L (European guidelines), but many patients discontinue statins because of real or perceived side-effects. Whether body mass index (BMI) influences statin intolerance remains unclear.

Nurse-led therapeutic patient education program on glycemic control and emotional wellbeing in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus during hospital transition.

Introduction: The transition of adolescents from pediatric to adult hospitals is a planned and guided process that involves changes in the focus, style, and location of care. During this period, complications are common in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The objective of this study was to understand the influence of a nurse-led structured therapeutic education program on maintaining glycemic control and emotional wellbeing in these adolescents.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, computational, molecular docking, antidiabetic(in vitro & in vivo) DNA and BSA interaction studies of ruthenium(II) carboxylate complexes.

The ruthenium compounds have been known to have the wide range of potential applications as anticancer, antibacterial and anti-diabetic etc. The ligand substitutions play a vital role in enhancing the pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study, three ruthenium-metal based complexes, designated as (I-III), were synthesized and characterized employing element analysis, FTIR and HNMR.

Epigenetic inheritance of PCOS by developmental programming and germline transmission.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder, affecting approximately 11-13% of women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS experience a higher prevalence of infertility, pregnancy complications, and cardiometabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, psychiatric comorbidities, including depression and anxiety, significantly impact the quality of life in this population.

Brain phosphoproteomic analysis identifies diabetes-related substrates in Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Insulin signaling dysfunction exacerbates tau protein phosphorylation, a hallmark of AD pathology. However, the comprehensive impact of diabetes on patterns of AD-related phosphoprotein in the human brain remains underexplored.

Impact of COVID-19 and recovery of routine diabetic retinopathy digital screening across different regions in England: an analysis of publicly available data.

Objective: This study aims to examine the reduction and subsequent recovery of routine digital screening (RDS) uptake in England from 2018 to 2022, exploring national, regional and individual Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) levels. The COVID-19 lockdown in most areas of England was from 26 March 2020 to 23 June 2020 (first national lockdown), 5 November 2020 to 2 December 2020 (second national lockdown) and 6 January 2021 to 8 March 2021 (third national lockdown).

Design: Retrospective data analysis.

Prevalence of microvascular complications and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic abnormality affecting 537 million people worldwide. Poor glycemic control, longer duration, and poor medication adherence increased the risk of DM complications. Comprehensive evidence on the pooled prevalence of microvascular complications in DM patients in Ethiopia is not available.

Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides and Whey Protein Isolate Preloads on Glycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A randomised crossover study.

Background: Small nutritional preloads can reduce postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome or T2D. However, most studies have focused on preloads administered before single meals and have predominantly used protein-based preloads.

Objective: To investigate the effects of sequential consumption of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and whey protein isolate (WPI) preloads before breakfast lunch and dinner on postprandial, diurnal and 24h glycaemia in individuals with T2D.

Long-term multi-systemic complications following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta infection in children: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Most studies on long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2-infection in children were conducted pre-Omicron and pre-dated vaccination rollout. We examined long-term risk of new-incident multi-systemic sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron infection in a multi-ethnic Asian pediatric population.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of Singaporean children aged 1- 17 years infected during Delta/Omicron BA.

Metformin inhibits muscle atrophy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in a rat model of acute rotator cuff tears.

Background: Muscle atrophy after the rupture of a rotator cuff (RC) tendon is a major factor that increases the risk of secondary complications and re-rupture. Metformin, a type 2 diabetes treatment, can be used to modulate intracellular signaling pathways that promote muscle growth. This study aimed to verify whether systemic metformin administration could prevent supraspinatus (SS) atrophy after RC rupture in a rat model.

IUPHAR Themed Review: The Gut Microbiome in Schizophrenia.

Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Ginsenoside Ro prevents endothelial injury via promoting Epac1/AMPK- mediated mitochondria protection in early diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a blinding complication of microangiopathy. First-line therapeutic drugs are all focused on late-stage DR and have several side effects, which could not meet clinical needs. The plant-derived ginsenoside Ro (Ro) has a variety of effective anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, and cardiovascular protective effects, but its microvascular protective effects are rarely studied.

Transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic tissue from humans and mice identifies potential gene signatures and unexplored pathways during progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis.

Background: A comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas, is warranted for the development of targeted therapies. The current study focused on comparing the transcriptomes of pancreatic tissues obtained from patients with CP with those of two rodent models of chemically induced CP to identify dysregulated genes/signaling pathways.

Methods: Pancreatitis was induced in mice using cerulein and L-arginine.

GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS USE AND INCIDENCE OF GLAUCOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: GLP-1 receptor agonists use and incidence of glaucoma.

Introduction: In diabetics, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RA) may protect against microvascular alterations and oxidative stress, both of which have been implicated in glaucoma. Multiple studies suggest a possible relation between GLP-1 RA use and the development of glaucoma. This study performs a systematic review of the literature regarding the incidence of glaucoma development in type 2 diabetes patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to a control group.