Periocular subcutaneous granuloma annulare in a child: A case report.

Purpose: We describe a rare case of annular granuloma involving the eyelid of a child, a 6-year-old male, who presented with multiple subcutaneous nodular lesions involving the upper eyelid of the right eye.

Observations: The slit-lamp examination of the eye was normal. Extra-ocular examination showed a lesion on the dorsal aspect of the right foot, which was resistant to treatment with topical corticosteroids.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in a Saudi Arabian hospital during the 2015-2020 period.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. HCV genotypes and subtypes are important predictors of disease progression and antiviral treatment response. To our knowledge, there had been limited studies of HCV genotypes in Qatif, Saudi Arabia.

Hepatitis-A Infection-Induced Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome With Neuro-ophthalmological Manifestations.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder that can affect children and adults alike, with a similar spectrum of thrombotic events, predominately deep vein thrombosis and stroke. It is characterized by recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) like antibodies to beta-2-glycoprotein I (B-2-GPI) and anticardiolipin (aCL). The disease could be classified into primary APS in the absence of an underlying disease or secondary APS occurring secondary to autoimmune diseases, infections, malignancies, and sometimes medication use.

Pediatric Open Globe Injury in Tertiary Hospitals of Khobar and Dhahran.

Background Every year, 3.3 to 5.7 million eye injuries occur worldwide in children.

The Negative Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Health-Related Quality of Life among Saudi Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking and health-related quality of life among Saudi secondary vocational students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A convenience sample of 328 answered a web-based self-administered questionnaire based on the Youth Risky Behavior Monitoring System (YRBSS) plus the Short Form 12 (SF-12) were included in the study. The target population included all Saudi students enrolled at the Secondary Industrial Institute in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, during December 2020 and February 2021.

Unusual Late Presentation of Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome Associated With Propionibacterium acnes Endophthalmitis.

This report describes an unusually delayed presentation of capsular bag distension syndrome (CBDS), which was found to be associated with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) endophthalmitis. Our patient presented with a gradual decrease in vision after uneventful cataract surgery done 13 years back.

Scleral Buckle versus Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Management of Primary Chronic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Comparison of Anatomical and Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the anatomical and visual outcomes of scleral buckle (SB) surgery with the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: This cohort study included patients who underwent surgical repair SB group and PPV group for chronic retinal detachment during 2014-2018 at the King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh. The anatomical and functional success rate at 12 months after surgery was compared in two groups.

Advanced Eales' Disease With Neovascular Glaucoma at First Presentation.

Eales' disease is an idiopathic vasculitis that affects the peripheral retina. It is characterized by recurrent vitreous hemorrhage as a complication of retinal neovascularization. It is more prevalent in India and affects young males.

Antibiotics in the pipeline: a literature review (2017-2020).

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global threat. It increases mortality and morbidity and strains healthcare systems. Health care professionals can counter the rising AMR by promoting antibiotic stewardship and facilitating new drug development.

Topiramate-induced acute bilateral angle closure glaucoma confirmed by ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide used in the treatment of epilepsy and migraines. This case report demonstrates a 29-year-old female who complained of severe bilateral loss of vision 14 days after using topiramate for her migraine. On initial examination, visual acuities were counting fingers in both eyes.

Association of Retinal Vascular Manifestation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A Narrative Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by frequent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the airway during sleep causing repeated episodes of apnea. OSA is more prevalent in middle-aged and older adults. OSA is associated with numerous ocular manifestations, including retinal manifestations.

Endophthalmitis Post Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery: Incidence, Organisms' Profile, and Management Outcome in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), organisms' profile, and management outcomes at a tertiary eye hospital in a Middle East country.

Methods: In this single-arm cohort study conducted in 2020, medical records of patients who underwent PPV not accompanied by any other intraocular surgery were reviewed; those with a diagnosis of acute endophthalmitis in the immediate postoperative period (within 6 weeks) during the past 6 years were analyzed.

Results: A total of 8153 records of PPV surgeries were reviewed.

Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general Saudi populations toward antibiotics use.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was conducted from January 1 to May 11, 2020, across five major regions of Saudi Arabia.

Ophthalmia nodosa secondary to multiple intraocular caterpillar hairs in a 2-year-old girl.

A 2-year-old girl presented with pain, itching, photophobia, and tearing in her left eye. These symptoms started after contact with a caterpillar. The patient was initially taken to another hospital, where the local ophthalmologist prescribed topical prednisolone acetate 1%, a topical antibiotic, and cyclopentolate 1% eye drops.

Profile of Glaucoma in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Glaucomas remain asymptomatic until severe, indicating that the actual number of affected individuals may be higher than those diagnosed.

Objective: To study the clinical patterns of glaucoma cases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, and Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

(1) Background: COVID-19 has become a worldwide public health problem. No previous study has investigated factors associated with COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) after completely lifting the curfew in all Saudi Arabia regions and cities. Therefore, adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and correct control of COVID-19 are essential to eradicate the disease.

Surgical removal of inadvertent intralenticular sustained-release dexamethasone implant (ozurdex) and implant one-piece posterior capsule intraocular lens.

To report the therapeutic efficacy and results of an accidentally injected intralenticular sustained-release dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) in a patient with macular edema secondary to diabetic macular edema. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant is an approved formulation in the management of macular edema. The most common adversarial effects are an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract, but the unintentional injection of the dexamethasone implant into the lens is a particularly rare event.

Management outcomes of canalicular laceration in children.

Purpose: To report the epidemiological data, clinical profile, management, and outcomes of canalicular lacerations in the pediatric age group in a tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair in the last 15 years at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Saudi Arabia. Demographics, causes of injury, type of trauma, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed.

Saudi Arabia Guidelines for diabetic macular edema: A consensus of the Saudi Retina Group.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are major public health burdens in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is 19.7% and the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME) is 5.

The Efficacy of Dose Increments of Botulinum Toxin A in the Treatment of Childhood Esotropia.

Background: Botulinum toxin is known to have a powerful chemodenervation effect, and it is a well-established alternative to incisional surgery for strabismus. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of dose increments of botulinum toxin A (BTA) for the treatment of specific ranges of angle deviation.

Methods: This was a prospective study that included patients presenting with esotropia to Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital between 2016 and 2020, who were managed by a single surgeon.

Ophthalmology Self-medication Practices: A Questionnaire-based Study.

: The aim of the study was to identify patterns of self-medication practices in ophthalmology.: We conducted an electronic cross-sectional descriptive survey of the Riyadh regional population in Saudi Arabia.: The study included 1354 subjects; 662 were males (49%), and 692 were females (51%).

The positive impact of social media on the level of COVID-19 awareness in Saudi Arabia: a web-based cross-sectional survey.

In late December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic started to spread from Hubei province in China. Currently there are many affected countries worldwide, including Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the use of social media as a source for COVID-19 awareness in Saudi Arabia.

Ownership and Usage of Mobile Devices Among Ophthalmology Residents and Attending Physicians: Identifying the Generation Gap.

Background: Ophthalmology residents strongly rely on digital technology in training. This characteristic may not be shared by their teachers, attending physicians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the ownership and usage of mobile devices among Saudi ophthalmology residents and their attending physicians and to compare ownership and usage patterns between both groups.