Marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue-lymphoma of the lacrimal gland in a young patient with Klinefelter syndrome: a case report.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome is considered one of the most common sex chromosome disorders affecting males. The presence of an extra X chromosome can alter the tendency to develop various cancers, including lymphomas. Lacrimal gland lymphoma is a disease of the elderly, with a median age of presentation of 70 years.

Bacterial Superinfections in Critically Ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is a considerable gap in the current evidence concerning the prevalence of superinfections among critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: We sought to determine the prevalence of bacterial superinfections following the initiation of antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: A retrospective observational study that included patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 24 hours and received empirical antibiotic therapy.

Visual Outcome and Patient Satisfaction with Implantation of Trifocal Intraocular Lens After Radial Keratotomy.

Objective: To investigate the visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after radial keratotomy (RK).

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review wherein we studied 14 eyes from 7 patients who had undergone cataract surgery and had trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia's King Fahd University Hospital and Kahhal private centre. Data such as demographic characteristics, the time between RK and cataract removal, intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and refraction were evaluated.

Pediatric keratoconus in a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia: Patient characteristics and management outcomes.

Purpose: This study investigates pediatric keratoconus in a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, aiming to understand the presenting features and treatment outcomes in this high-prevalence region. The research addresses pediatric keratoconus clinical profile and management strategies.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2022 to 2023, reviewing medical records of pediatric keratoconus patients.

Plication or resection combined with antagonist recession in horizontal strabismus.

Background: Strengthening of extraocular muscles is a conventional procedure in the management of strabismus. Plication may be an alternative strengthening technique, and is less invasive than resection. This study compared plication and resection, each combined with antagonist muscle recession, in terms of success rates and changes in ocular deviation in the management of horizontal strabismus.

Short term effectiveness of ustekinumab versus vedolizumab in Crohn's disease after failure of anti-TNF agents: An observational comparative study design with a Bayesian analysis.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a debilitating gastrointestinal disease with complex etiology. Although effective, recipients of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents may experience primary or secondary nonresponse, necessitating alternative treatments. This study is intended to compare the short-term effectiveness of ustekinumab and vedolizumab in treating CD after failure of multiple lines of anti-TNF therapy using real-world data.

A case of reverse amblyopia in a myopic anisometropic patient: an atypical presentation.

We herein report a case of a 4-year-old female patient who presented with anisometropic amblyopia with initial visual acuity recorded at 20/400 OD and 20/100 OS. The patient was recommended for patching. Eighteen months later, the patient presented with visual acuity of 20/60 OD and 20/80 and reverse amblyopia was noted.

Retinal complications post posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation at a tertiary eye hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Phakic intraocular lenses treat higher degrees of myopia not possible previously with conventional refractive surgery. The aim of this study is to report the incidence and risk factors of retinal complications after posterior chamber PIOL implantation and assess the differences in biometric parameters between patients who developed such complications versus those who did not.

Methods: This retrospective study recruited 514 patients who underwent ICL implantation to correct myopia at a tertiary eye hospital center in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.

Background: Myopia, the most common refractive error, is a global public health problem with substantial visual impairment if left untreated. Several studies have investigated the association between increased near-work and restricted outdoor activities in children with myopia; however, such studies in children without myopia are scarce. We aimed to monitor the effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) home confinement and mandatory virtual learning on myopic progression among myopic and non-myopic school-aged children.

Analysis of Scheimpflug Tomography Parameters for Detecting Subclinical Keratoconus in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Keratoconus in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: We compared the characteristics of subtle morphological changes in subclinical keratoconus (KC) and normal corneas using Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam) and assessed the efficacy of these parameters for distinguishing KC or subclinical KC from normal eyes.

Patients And Methods: In this multicenter comparative study at Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital and Al Kahhal Medical Complex in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, we analyzed the Scheimpflug tomography charts of patients with topographically normal eyes and those with unilateral KC. Patients were divided into the normal (NL: patients considered for refractive surgery and with normal topographic/tomographic features, 129 eyes), KC (30 patients with manifest KC in one eye based on biomicroscopy and topographical findings), and forme fruste KC (FFKC: fellow eyes of patients in the KC group that met the NL group criteria) groups.

Novel Therapeutic Agents for Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Hope for Drug Designing against Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by an absolute decline in insulin secretion and peripheral resistance and is the most prevalent metabolic and endocrine disorder. However, the pathogenesis of DM also includes adipocyte insulin resistance, increased glucagon secretion, increased renal glomerular glucose absorption, and neurotransmitter dysfunction. Although there is a wide spectrum of therapeutics available for glycemic control, owing to the identification of various pathogenic determinants of DM, management of DM remains challenging and complex.

Vector Analysis and Prognostic Factors for Femtosecond Arcuate Keratotomy in Post-Keratoplasty Astigmatism.

Purpose: To analyze different tomographic and refractive parameters for predicting successful visual outcome following femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) for post-keratoplasty astigmatism.

Design: Retrospective.

Methods: Retrospective study evaluating patients with astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) who underwent FSAK.

Saudi Health System and Health Security Structure: A Scope Review Study Addressing the National Need for Governing the Health Security.

Health security has gained significant attention at the national and global levels, "security" is not a simple term; instead, it is "essentially contested" - that is, it induces debates about what it means and how to use it. This study aimed to define three terms frequently used in health security discussions. These terms are national health security, Global Health Security, and public health.

Frontal Meningoencephalocele With Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Case Report.

Traumatic brain injuries are a significant public health concern often associated with immediate consequences. However, delayed complications can manifest, including rare congenital neural tube defects such as encephaloceles. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with a history of traumatic brain injuries who developed a posttraumatic frontal meningoencephalocele associated with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

Cyclic Esotropia Managed With Botulinum A Toxin Injections: A Report of Four Cases and Literature Review.

Cyclic strabismus is a rare entity and is unique in that patients follow variable but reliable time cycles where they alternate between orthotropia or "straight" eyes and strabismus, most commonly in the form of esotropia. Despite many theories on the underlying etiology and unique features of this diagnosis, none have been proven and its pathophysiology remains unknown. Four cases of cyclic esotropia diagnosed by pediatric ophthalmologists have been included in this report.

Isolated Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Bulbar Conjunctiva as an Initial Manifestation of AIDS: A Case Report.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignant vascular endothelium-cell-derived tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8. It is one of the most common tumors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, isolated KS is rarely reported as the initial presentation. This study describes a rare case in which isolated KS of the bulbar conjunctiva was the first presenting symptom leading to the diagnosis of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a 39-year-old man.

Challenges in Surgical Intervention for a Rare Case of Anterior Segment Dysgenesis: A Case Report.

Anterior Segment Dysgenesis (ASD) represents a spectrum of rare, congenital disorders that pose significant challenges to ophthalmological management due to their complex and heterogeneous nature. The management of ASD becomes particularly complex when associated with other serious ocular conditions. This report discusses the case of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with ASD exhibiting a combination of sclerocornea, aphakia, aniridia, and secondary glaucoma.

Retinocytoma: A Case Series.

Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy in children, considered fatal without treatment. Retinocytoma is a rare benign clinical entity of retinoblastoma that shows signs of tumor regression. The clinical presentation of retinocytoma usually includes a gray translucent mass, intralesional calcification, and retinal pigment epithelial alteration, along with the presence of chorioretinal atrophy.

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Rhinoplasty: A Case Report.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a sudden and vision-threatening condition with catastrophic consequences unless managed immediately by reestablishing the retinal circulation. Even though CRAO is a common ocular disorder, it is a very rare complication after non-ocular surgeries; only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Cardiac and spine surgeries are considered the most common causes of postoperative vision loss.

Idiopathic Orbital Pseudotumor: A Rare Case Report.

Orbital pseudotumor is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the orbit of the eye. It has diverse clinical manifestations. Although its exact etiology remains unknown, it is believed to involve an immune-mediated response.

Bilateral Congenital Stromal Corneal Cysts: Report of a Unique Case.

The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive account of an exceptional case involving the presentation of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in a newborn. Furthermore, it aims to document the successful regression of CRS through medical treatment alone. We present the case of a five-day-old infant who was referred to our facility as a CRS case.

Congenital Ptosis Associated With Adduction as a Dysinnervation Disorder: A Report of a Rare Case.

The levator palpebrae superioris is the primary muscle responsible for elevation of the eyelid. This muscle is innervated by the third intracranial nerve. Any pathology affecting the muscle or the supplying nerve can lead to blepharoptosis.

Capillary Hemangioma in Joubert Syndrome: A Case Report.

A baby girl who underwent cesarean section delivery and had a complicated postnatal course requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is followed in the pediatrics clinic for several months. At five months old, the baby girl was referred to an ophthalmology clinic with brain stem and cerebellum malformation consistent with the molar tooth sign (MTS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, hypotonia, and developmental delay. She has the classic features of Joubert Syndrome (JS).