Mechanism of action of anions on the electron transport chain in thylakoid membranes of higher plants.

With an aim to improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind specific anion effects in biological membranes, we have studied the effects of sodium salts of anions of varying valency in thylakoid membranes. Rates of electron transport of PS II and PS I, 77K fluorescence emission and excitation spectra, cyclic electron flow around PS I and circular dichroism (CD) spectra were measured in thylakoid membranes in order to elucidate a general mechanism of action of inorganic anions on photosynthetic electron transport chain. Re-distribution of absorbed excitation energy has been observed as a signature effect of inorganic anions.

Periplogenin, isolated from Lagenaria siceraria, ameliorates L-T₄-induced hyperthyroidism and associated cardiovascular problems.

The importance of glycoside in the regulation of thyroid dysfunction is not well understood. In the present investigation, effects of periplogenin-3- O-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)(1→4)-D-cymaropyranoside, isolated from the vegetable, LAGENARIA SICERARIA, in L-thyroxine (L-T₄)-induced hyperthyroidism and in related cardiovascular abnormalities have been revealed in Wistar albino rats. L-T₄ (500 μg/kg, s.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and Lamivudine in three component tablet formulation containing efavirenz.

Three UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed, simultaneous equation method, multicomponent analysis (II) and derivative spectroscopy method (III). The absorption maxima of the drugs were found to be 247, 259 and 272 nm, respectively for efavirenz, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine in methanol:water (50:50) solvent system. Efavirenz, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 10-60, 5-30 and 5-30 μg/ml, respectively.

The effect of aspirin on atherogenic diet-induced diabetes mellitus.

Exploration of atherogenic diet-induced diabetes mellitus and the evaluation of antidiabetic potential of aspirin were carried out in this study. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups of seven each (1, 2 and 3). Animals of groups 2 and 3 received CCT diet (normal rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.

Nature of M-Ga Bonds in cationic metal-gallylene complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium, [(η5-C5H5)(L)2M(GaX)]+: a theoretical study.

Density Functional Theory calculations have been performed for the cationic half-sandwich gallylene complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium [(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(L)(2)M(GaX)](+) (M = Fe, L = CO, PMe(3); X = Cl, Br, I, NMe(2), Mes; M = Ru, Os: L = CO, PMe(3); X = I, NMe(2), Mes) at the BP86/TZ2P/ZORA level of theory. Calculated geometric parameters for the model iron iodogallylene system [(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(Me(3)P)(2)Fe(GaI)](+) are in excellent agreement with the recently reported experimental values for [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(dppe)Fe(GaI)](+). The M-Ga bonds in these systems are shorter than expected for single bonds, an observation attributed not to significant M-Ga π orbital contributions, but due instead primarily to high gallium s-orbital contributions to the M-Ga bonding orbitals.

Biodeterioration in Emblica based Medicinal products and their Aflatoxin contamination.

In the present investigation, Emblica officinalis Gaerth. Syn Phyllanthus emblica linn. has been selected on account of its large scale use in manufacture of indigenous drugs.

Nature of bonding in terminal borylene, alylene, and gallylene complexes of vanadium and niobium [(η(5)-C5H5)(CO)3M(ENR2)] (M = V, Nb; E = B, Al, Ga; R = CH3, SiH3, CMe3, SiMe3): a DFT study.

Density functional theory calculations have been performed for the terminal borylene, alylene, and gallylene complexes [(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(CO)(3)M(ENR(2))] (M = V, Nb; E = B, Al, Ga; R = CH(3), SiH(3), CMe(3), SiMe(3)) using the exchange correlation functional BP86. The calculated geometry parameters of vanadium borylene complex [(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(CO)(3)V{BN(SiMe(3))(2)}] are in excellent agreement with their available experimental values. The M-B bonds in the borylene complexes have partial M-B double-bond character, and the B-N bonds are nearly B═N double bonds.

Evaluation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of hesperidin and naringin on the rat air pouch model of inflammation.

Background: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of hesperidin and naringin was carried out considering the rat air pouch model of inflammation.

Methods: Reference dose of hesperidin (H) or naringin (N) or indomethacin (I) was administered to the rat air pouches. The pouches were induced by injecting sterile air into the intra-scapular region of the rats followed by carrageenan (AP + C) administration.

Analysis of elevated temperature-induced inhibition of photosystem II using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum).

Wheat is the major crop plant in many parts of the world. Elevated temperature-induced changes in photosynthetic efficiency were studied in wheat (T. aestivum) leaves by measuring Chl a fluorescence induction kinetics.

Effect of metformin on renal microsomal proteins, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetic mice.

An SDS-PAGE analysis of renal microsomal fraction of albino mice was performed to study the involvement of proteins in dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and their alterations by metformin, a widely accepted oral antidiabetic drug. In addition, changes in renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as renal somatic index (RSI) and daily rate of water consumption were also investigated. While dexamethasone administration (1.

Nature of M-Ga bonds in dihalogallyl complexes (η5-C5H5)(Me3P)2M(GaX2) (M = Fe, Ru, Os) and (η5-C5H5)(OC)2Fe(GaX2) (X = Cl, Br, I): a DFT study.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed on the terminal dihalogallyl complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium (η(5)-C(5)H(5))(Me(3)P)(2)M(GaX(2)) (M = Fe, Ru, Os; X = Cl, Br, I) and (η(5)-C(5)H(5))(OC)(2)Fe(GaX(2)) (X = Cl, Br, I) at the BP86/TZ2P/ZORA level of theory. On the basis of analyses suggested by Pauling, the M-Ga bonds in all of the dihalogallyl complexes are shorter than M-Ga single bonds; moreover, on going from X = Cl to X = I, the optimized M-Ga bond distances are found to increase. From the perspective of covalent bonding, however, π-symmetry contributions are, in all complexes, significantly smaller than the corresponding σ-bonding contribution, representing only 4-10% of the total orbital interaction.

A novel phytochemical, digoxigenin-3-O-rutin in the amelioration of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rat: a comparison with digoxin.

Introduction: The commonly used cardiac glycoside, digoxin (DIG), has a narrow therapeutic window. Although some investigations were made to counteract its toxic effects, no alternate phytochemical is available till date that is more potent and safer than DIG.

Aims: Our main aim was to isolate a novel cardenolide from the seeds of Trigonella foenum graceium and to evaluate its relative potential in comparison to that of DIG.

Fruit and vegetable peels: Paving the way towards the development of new generation therapeutics.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, and thyroid abnormalities are major health problems prevalent around the world and are responsible for a large portion of morbidity and mortality out of health problems overall. Advances in genomics and proteomics in recent years have led to an explosion in the number of possible therapeutic targets and drug candidates through use of molecular approaches, chemical synthesis, traditional medicinal chemistry, and phyto-chemistry and through the exploration of novel herbal preparations. However, virtually none of these candidates are devoid of potential adverse drug reaction(s) or undesirable side effects.

Maxillary right second molar with two palatal root canals.

We report a clinical case of maxillary right second molar with two palatal root canals. The morphology is atypical because it is characterized by two palatal roots with two canals with widely separated orifices and canals. Modifications to the normal access opening and examination of the pulpal floor for additional canals are stressed.

Analysis of high temperature stress on the dynamics of antenna size and reducing side heterogeneity of Photosystem II in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum).

This study demonstrates the effect of high temperature stress on the heterogeneous behavior of PSII in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Photosystem II in green plant chloroplasts displays heterogeneity both in the composition of its light harvesting antenna i.e.

Characterization of photosystem II heterogeneity in response to high salt stress in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum).

The effect of high salt stress on PS II heterogeneity was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. On the basis of antenna size, PS II has been classified into three forms, i.e.

Computational analysis of fluorescence induction curves in intact spinach leaves treated at different pH.

Effects of change in pH have been investigated on spinach leaf discs by measuring fluorescence induction kinetics using plant efficiency analyzer (PEA). On the basis of computational analysis of the results, we have reported that acidic pH causes a significant inhibition of the donor and the acceptor side of PS II. Energy flux models have been presented using the software Biolyzer HP 3.

Structure and bonding energy analysis of M-Ga bonds in dihalogallyl complexes trans-[X(PMe3)2M(GaX2)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br, I).

Geometry, electronic structure, and bonding analysis of the terminal neutral dihalogallyl complexes of nickel, palladium, and platinum trans-[X(PMe(3))(2)M(GaX(2))] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br, I) were investigated at the BP86 level of theory. The calculated geometries of platinum gallyl complexes trans-[X(PMe(3))(2)Pt(GaX(2))] (X = Br, I) are in excellent agreement with structurally characterized platinum complexes trans-[X(PCy(3))(2)M(GaX(2))]. In the gallyl complexes of nickel and palladium, the M-Ga sigma bonding orbital is slightly polarized toward the gallium atom, while in the platinum gallyl complexes, the M-Ga sigma bonding orbital is slightly polarized toward the platinum atom.

Evidence that pH can drive state transitions in isolated thylakoid membranes from spinach.

Our observation that the F735/F685 ratio at 77 K increased when the lumenal pH decreased led us to investigate the role of pH in explaining the mechanism of state transitions in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) thylakoid membranes. As the lumenal pH was changed from pH 7.

Gamma irradiation induced enhancement in isoflavones, total phenol, anthocyanin and antioxidant properties of varying seed coat colored soybean.

Three Indian soybean genotypes, namely, Kalitur, Hara soya and NRC37 with black, green and yellow colored seed coat respectively were gamma irradiated at a dose of 0.5, 2.0, and 5.

Real-time slope mapping and defect detection in bent plates using Talbot interferometry.

We demonstrate a simple method for obtaining slope contours of bent plates using Talbot interferometry. The technique has been used to map slope contours of polymethyl methacrylate specimens of different shapes. The Talbot image of a coarse grating is projected onto a specimen such that the self-image is backreflected onto the same grating again.

Study on the effects of chloride depletion on photosystem II using different chloride depletion methods.

Chloride is an indispensable factor for the functioning of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and has protective and activating effects on photosystem II. In this study we have investigated mainly by EPR, the properties of chloride-sufficient, chloride-deficient and chloride-depleted thylakoid membranes and photosystem II enriched membranes from spinach. The results on the effects of different chloride depletion methods on the structural and functional aspects of photosystem II showed that chloride-depletion by treating PS II membranes with high pH is a relatively harsh way causing a significant and irreparable damage to the PS II donor side.

Inhibition of iron induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of Indian spices and Acacia in vitro.

The spices used in the Indian foods such as Star anise (Illicium verum), Bay leaves (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Cobra's saffron (Mesua ferrea), and Acacia (Acacia catechu), which have medicinal value, were used as test samples, to find their effect on in vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO). Rat liver post mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) in Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.4 was incubated for 0 and 1 h, with various test extracts in three different oxidant systems.

Computational studies of transition metal selectivity of octapeptide repeat region of prion protein (PrP).

We have presented a detailed theoretical (density functional theory and ONIOM) study on the structure and M-PrP (prion protein) interaction on various prion models, M(PrP) systems (where PrP = HGG, HGGGW x 3H(2)O, and PrP(61-84), and M = Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn). It was shown that the geometry of the complex [Mn(HGGGW)(H(2)O)] x 2H(2)O is quite different for M = Mn(III) and Mn(II), and partial unfolding occurs only for the M = Mn(III). In [Zn{PrP(61-84)}], Zn(II) forms a bond with carbonyl oxygen of the Pro(84) residue in the axial position.

Functional estimation of mannose binding lectin associated serine protease (MBL-MASPs) in human serum.

Background & Objective: Mannose binding lectin (MBL), a C-type or Ca(2+) dependent lectin, plays a major role in lectin pathway of complement activation. MBL deficiency/insufficiency is associated with susceptibility to many infections. It is important to know the association of functional lectin levels with disease condition.