Efficacy of iron replacement in pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review.

The systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of iron replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 2024. Eligible studies investigating iron replacement therapy in pulmonary hypertension patients were included in the review.

Brain Activation Associated With Response to Psychotherapies for Late-Life Depression: A Task-Based fMRI Study.

Background: The course of late-life depression is associated with functioning of multiple brain networks. Understanding the brain mechanisms associated with response to psychotherapy can inform treatment development and a personalized treatment approach. This study examined how activation of key regions of the salience network, default mode network and reward systems is associated with response to psychotherapies for late-life depression.

Deconstructing Detachment: Contrasting Trait Profiles in Community Adults With Schizoid Versus Avoidant Personality Styles.

The degree to which schizoid and avoidant personality styles represent unique variants of interpersonal detachment remains controversial. This study contrasted core traits associated with schizoid versus avoidant personalities in a mixed-sex sample of 221 community adults, using the five traits that comprise the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD). The International Personality Disorders Examination Screening Questionnaire was used to assess schizoid and avoidant personality traits; the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 was used to assess negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism.

A first look at diversity gaps in psychotherapy research publications and representation.

Objective: There is a pervasive underrepresentation of researchers and clinicians from diverse backgrounds in psychology. This is the first study to focus on diversity gaps in Psychotherapy Research. We examine a gap in the representation of research from low-income countries and summarize barriers and solutions to increase diversity in the field.

Parental emotion socialization and parent-child attachment security: A meta-analytic review.

Although parental sensitivity is an established determinant of children's attachment security, effect sizes are modest, suggesting other aspects of parenting that might support secure attachment. Parental emotion socialization (ES) has been proposed as a parenting domain that is theoretically linked to secure parent-child attachment. The goal of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the strength of the relations between parental ES and attachment security in children under the age of 18.

Immunomodulation of Macrophages in Diabetic Wound Individuals by Structurally Diverse Bioactive Phytochemicals.

Diabetes-related ulcers and slow-healing wounds pose a significant health risk to individuals due to their uncertain causes. Mortality rates for diabetes foot ulcers (DFUs) range from 10% after 16 months to 24% after five years. The use of bioactive phytochemicals can play a key role in healing wounds in a predictable time.

Disentangling between- and within-patients effects of emotion regulation on outcome in naturalistic psychotherapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to disaggregate the between-patient and within-patient effects of emotion regulation (ER) on treatment outcome and explore relevant trait-like moderators of the within-patient effects.

Method: Three hundred thirty-nine patients with heterogenous clinical conditions were admitted to psychotherapy at a clinical center. During the intake evaluation, patients completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, the Outcome Questionnaire 30, and the State Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale.

A Complex Relationship Among the Circadian Rhythm, Reward Circuit and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).

The human brain not only controls the various physiological functions but is also the prime regulator of circadian rhythms, rewards, and behaviors. Environmental factors, professional stress, and social disintegration are regarded as the initial causative factors of addiction behavior. Shift work, artificial light exposure at night, and chronic and acute jet lag influence circadian rhythm dysfunction.

A critical insight into the physicochemical stability of macular carotenoids with respect to their industrial production, safety profile, targeted tissue delivery, and bioavailability.

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin, collectively termed as macular pigments, are key carotenoids integral to optimized central vision of the eye. Therefore, nutraceuticals and functional foods have been developed commercially using carotenoid rich flowers, such as marigold and calendula or single celled photosynthetic algae, such as the Dunaliella. Industrial formulation of such products enriched in macular pigments have often suffered from serious bottlenecks in stability, delivery, and bioavailability.

Willingness to wait outperforms delay discounting in predicting drinking severity.

Alcohol misuse ranks among the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Therefore, discovering measures that can predict hazardous drinking is critical. The delay discounting paradigm-which assesses relative preference for immediate rewards over larger, later rewards-has frequently been used as a proxy for impulsive choice, but it does not capture how long someone is willing to wait for delayed rewards when the arrival time is uncertain.

Trait reward sensitivity modulates connectivity with the temporoparietal junction and Anterior Insula during strategic decision making.

Many decisions happen in social contexts such as negotiations, yet little is understood about how people balance fairness versus selfishness. Past investigations found that activation in brain areas involved in executive function and reward processing was associated with people offering less with no threat of rejection from their partner, compared to offering more when there was a threat of rejection. However, it remains unclear how trait reward sensitivity may modulate activation and connectivity patterns in these situations.

Physiological and metabolic functions of the β-adrenergic receptor and an approach to therapeutic achievements.

A specific type of beta-adrenergic receptor was discovered in the decade of 1980s and subsequently recognized as a new type of beta-adrenergic receptor, called beta-adrenoceptor (β-AR). β-AR expresses in different tissues, including adipose tissue, gall bladder, stomach, small intestine, cardiac myocytes, urinary bladder, and brain. Structurally, β-AR is very similar to β- and β-AR and belongs to a G-protein coupled receptor that uses cAMP as an intracellular second messenger.

Thinking Transtheoretically About Alliance and Rupture: Implications for Practice and Training.

Repairing alliance ruptures has the potential to serve as a powerful mechanism of change in psychotherapy. In this article, a transtheoretical individual-specific framework for repairing alliance ruptures is proposed. According to the proposed framework, at the intake session, the therapist evaluates the trait-like tendencies of individual patients to face ruptures in interpersonal relationships.

Childhood Trauma and Panic Disorder: The Impact of History of Child Abuse on Illness Severity and Treatment Response.

Objective: Patients who have experienced child abuse often have complex clinical presentations; whether a history of child abuse (HCA) affects psychotherapy outcomes is unclear. The authors examined relationships between HCA, clinical baseline variables, and change in these variables after three different psychotherapies for panic disorder (PD).

Methods: Two hundred adults with PD (with or without agoraphobia) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments across two sites: panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or applied relaxation training (ART).

A pilot study investigating the effect of the BEGIN psychoeducation intervention for people at clinical high risk for psychosis on emotional and stigma-related experiences.

Aim: There is concern that the provision of the clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) label is stigmatizing. Prior research suggests people have nuanced reactions to feedback involving the CHR label, including a positive experience receiving feedback and improvement in negative emotions (e.g.

Intimate partner violence survivors' reported experiences of discrimination in mental health treatment settings.

Research indicates that survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face substantial stigma and discrimination, with varying impacts based on demographic factors such as race and income. This study explored perceived discrimination among 88 IPV survivors across different racial backgrounds and income levels in mental health settings. Participants completed a mixed-method electronic survey assessing discrimination experiences related to survivor status, income, and race within mental health treatment.

A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a patented fenugreek () seed extract in Type 2 diabetics.

Background: Fenugreek plant () constitutes a traditionally acclaimed herbal remedy for many human ailments including diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and reproductive disorders. It is also used as an effective anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-fungal agent. The seed of the plant is especially enriched in several bioactive molecules including polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids and has demonstrated potential to act as an antidiabetic phytotherapeutic.

Fenfuro®-mediated arrest in the formation of protein-methyl glyoxal adducts: a new dimension in the anti-hyperglycemic potential of a novel fenugreek seed extract.

The fenugreek plant (-) is traditionally known for its anti-diabetic properties owing to its high content of furostanolic saponins, which can synergistically treat many human ailments. Non-enzymatic protein glycation leading to the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) is a common pathophysiology observed in diabetic or prediabetic individuals, which can initiate the development of neurodegenerative disorders. A potent cellular source of glycation is Methyl Glyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl formed as a glycolytic byproduct.

Multilevel Latent Differential Structural Equation Model with Short Time Series and Time-Varying Covariates: A Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Estimators.

Continuous-time modeling using differential equations is a promising technique to model change processes with longitudinal data. Among ways to fit this model, the Latent Differential Structural Equation Modeling (LDSEM) approach defines latent derivative variables within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, thereby allowing researchers to leverage advantages of the SEM framework for model building, estimation, inference, and comparison purposes. Still, a few issues remain unresolved, including performance of multilevel variations of the LDSEM under short time lengths (e.

Corticostriatal responses to social reward are linked to trait reward sensitivity and subclinical substance use in young adults.

Aberrant levels of reward sensitivity have been linked to substance use disorder and are characterized by alterations in reward processing in the ventral striatum (VS). Less is known about how reward sensitivity and subclinical substance use relate to striatal function during social rewards (e.g.