Are there subtypes of panic disorder? An interpersonal perspective.

Objective: Panic disorder (PD) is associated with significant personal, social, and economic costs. However, little is known about specific interpersonal dysfunctions that characterize the PD population. The current study systematically examined these interpersonal dysfunctions.

Computational substrates of social value in interpersonal collaboration.

Decisions to engage in collaborative interactions require enduring considerable risk, yet provide the foundation for building and maintaining relationships. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this process and test a computational model of social value to predict collaborative decision making. Twenty-six participants played an iterated trust game and chose to invest more frequently with their friends compared with a confederate or computer despite equal reinforcement rates.

Empathy as a Mediator of Attitudes Toward Infidelity Among College Students.

This study examined attitudes about infidelity among college students. Due to increased sexual opportunities and normalization of casual sex in the college campus environment, commitment level is generally more likely to be lower than for post-college-aged individuals. While lower commitment may contribute to infidelity among college students, we aimed to more closely examine the relative role of individual characteristics.

Relationship between interpretation, alliance, and outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy: control of therapist effects and assessment of moderator variable impact.

The current study examines the relationship between therapist interpretations in the early stages of psychodynamic psychotherapy and subsequent outcomes for 76 outpatients. Pre-treatment characteristics of global symptomatology, personality pathology, insight, and level of object relations were examined as possible significant patient characteristics. Independent clinicians reliably rated therapist use of interpretations over two early treatment sessions (third and ninth).

Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls: A Global Review of Epidemiology and Integrated Interventions.

Objectives: Multiple pathways link gender-based violence (GBV) to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among women and girls who use or inject drugs. The aim of this article is to synthesize global literature that examines associations among the synergistic epidemics of substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS, known as the SAVA syndemic. It also aims to identify a continuum of multilevel integrated interventions that target key SAVA syndemic mechanisms.

Maximizing Effectiveness Trials in PTSD and SUD Through Secondary Analysis: Benefits and Limitations Using the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network "Women and Trauma" Study as a Case Example.

Recent federal legislation and a renewed focus on integrative care models underscore the need for economical, effective, and science-based behavioral health care treatment. As such, maximizing the impact and reach of treatment research is of great concern. Behavioral health issues, including the frequent co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are often complex, with a myriad of factors contributing to the success of interventions.

A train of thought: 25 years of Psychotherapy research.

This paper serves as an introduction to the 25th anniversary issue of Psychotherapy research. It includes a consideration of the original aims of the journal in light of the most cited articles, various developments in research orientation and methodology, and most recent publications. It demonstrates both diversity and consistency in content over time, as well as the international reach of the journal.

Interpersonal Factors Are Associated with Lower Therapist Adherence in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder.

Objective: The contributions of disorder severity, comorbidity and interpersonal variables to therapists' adherence to a cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) manual were tested.

Method: Thirty-eight patients received panic control therapy (PCT) for panic disorder. Trained observers watching videotapes of the sixth session of a 24-session protocol rated therapists' adherence to PCT and their use of interventions from outside the CBT model.

Personality Assessment in the Diagnostic Manuals: On Mindfulness, Multiple Methods, and Test Score Discontinuities.

Recent controversies have illuminated the strengths and limitations of different frameworks for conceptualizing personality pathology (e.g., trait perspectives, categorical models), and stimulated debate regarding how best to diagnose personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.

The Relationship between Theoretical Orientation and Countertransference Expectations: Implications for Ethical Dilemmas and Risk Management.

Unlabelled: Countertransference (CT) awareness is widely considered valuable for differential diagnosis and the proactive management of ethical dilemmas. We predicted that the more practitioners' theoretical orientation (TO) emphasizes insight into the dynamics of subjective mental life, the better they will be at using their CT expectations in differential diagnosis with high-risk patients. To test this hypothesis, we compared psychodynamic therapy (PDT) practitioners who emphasize insight into subjective mental life with practitioners who do not emphasize this epistemology.

Case formulation and the therapeutic relationship: the role of therapist self-reflection and self-revelation.

This article examines the role of the therapist's self-reflection and self-revelation in case formulation. We believe that a collaboratively constructed case formulation must always be considered in the context of an evolving therapeutic relationship. Further, self-reflection and self-revelation on the part of the therapist are critical for a more elaborate and nuanced case formulation and for understanding the patient.

How children learn about sex: a cross-species and cross-cultural analysis.

Scattered and not widely disseminated evidence from primatology, anthropology, and history of childhood sexuality support the hypothesis that throughout much of human behavioral evolution that human children have learned about sex through observing parental sexuality and then imitating it in sexual rehearsal play with peers. Contemporary theories of psychosexual development have not considered the possibility that young children are predisposed to learn about sex through observational learning and sexual rehearsal play during early childhood, a primate-wide trait that is conserved in humans but suppressed in contemporary contexts.

Sudden gains and deteriorations in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders.

This study sought to examine the prevalence of sudden gains and deteriorations (i.e., symptom reduction/improvement during treatment) and their influence on treatment outcomes among World Trade Center responders with probable posttraumatic stress disorder.

Experiences of Social and Structural Forms of Stigma Among Chinese Immigrant Consumers with Psychosis.

Chinese immigrants tend to rely on family and close community for support given their vulnerable societal position. Yet stigma, especially from structural and familial sources, may have a particularly harmful impact upon Chinese immigrants with psychosis. Using a descriptive analysis based upon grounded theory, we examined stigma experiences of 50 Chinese immigrant consumers with psychosis, paying particular attention to frequency, sources, and themes of social and structural stigma.

Structured supervision of graduate clinicians in psychodynamic psychotherapy: alliance and technique.

This is the first study to examine longitudinal differences in alliance and technique across multiple cases, controlling for client distress and therapist effects, during structured supervision in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Patient and therapist ratings of alliance as well as independent clinical ratings of psychodynamic interventions were assessed during the 3rd and 9th sessions in the psychotherapy of 58 outpatients, conducted by 24 graduate clinicians. Findings demonstrated that patient-rated alliance was higher across cases at both the 3rd and 9th sessions.

On the future of psychodynamic therapy research.

Objective And Method: Two psychodynamic therapists and researchers from different generations reflected upon the past and present state of psychodynamic therapy research as well as possibilities for the future.

Results And Conclusions: Several issues (e.g.

Disambiguating Dependency and Attachment Among Conjugally Bereaved Adults.

This study aims to investigate the effects of dependency and attachment in adjusting to the loss of a loved one by directly comparing the relative contribution of each to bereavement outcomes among midlife adults. Comparisons among attachment and dependency are made using models that control for attachment among three groups of bereaved adults (=102): prolonged grievers (=25), resolved grievers (=41), and a married comparison group (=36). Prolonged grievers displayed higher marginal means of dysfunctional detachment dependency and lower marginal means of healthy dependency compared to resolved grievers and married adults, even when controlling for attachment style.

Client Attachment Status and Changes in Therapeutic Alliance Early in Treatment.

Unlabelled: Several studies have examined associations between client attachment status and therapeutic alliance. Most, however, measure alliance at a single time point only. This study is among the first to examine how client attachment relates to changes in the therapeutic alliance early in treatment.

Cancer-Related Disclosure Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) employ self-disclosure in normative social interactions and in promoting identity development. Disclosure is associated with numerous psychological and physical benefits. Little research has examined how AYA cancer survivors diagnosed during adolescence disclose their cancer history.

Psychotherapy and the Fundamentalist client: the aims and challenges of treating Jehovah's Witnesses.

Jehovah's Witnesses are a Fundamentalist Christian religious group well known for their door-to-door proselytism. As a result of their belief in spreading the word of god and converting others, Jehovah's Witness populations are growing across the globe. A primary element of Jehovah's Witness doctrine and other Fundamentalist groups is a mandate to not develop associations with people outside of the religion.

Revisiting the sadomasochistic marriage: the paranoid-masochistic relationship.

The sadomasochistic marriage is thought to be very resistant to change because of the object relations of each member of a couple as well as the sadomasochistic dynamics within the couple. However, the picture may be even more complex because there are times when a psychoanalytic therapist may mistakenly believe he or she is treating a sadomasochistic couple when the couple actually is functioning in a paranoid-masochistic relationship. The present paper reexamines the sadomasochistic marriage by revisiting the work of Nydes, who formulated the concept of paranoid-masochism in individuals and contrasted it to the more commonly understood sadomasochist dynamic.

Common factors are not so common and specific factors are not so specified: toward an inclusive integration of psychotherapy research.

The dichotomy between what has been termed empirically supported treatments (EST) and common factors (CF) is false and counterproductive. Neither has a monopoly on empirical truth. The term nonspecific is unproductive and misleading.

"Collusive infidelity," projective identification, and clinical technique.

The author presents the concept of "collusive infidelity" and the role of projective identification as ubiquitous in the unconscious encouragement of infidelity through triangulation. He also discusses how to work with this dynamic in couples therapy, particularly by attending to the clinician's own countertransference reactions. To illustrate these ideas he provides a commentary on a session where collusion dynamics were observed.

The family roles of siblings of people diagnosed with a mental disorder: heroes and lost children.

In order to cope with the diagnosis of mental illness in a family member, siblings may be forced to adjust their roles in the family. Taking into account the crucial role that some siblings play in caregiving for the mentally ill especially when the parents are no longer available, it is imperative to develop awareness of their unique needs and address them. Thirty-three adult siblings of people diagnosed with a mental disorder completed the Role Behaviour Inventory (RBI) and a general questionnaire including open-ended questions regarding the roles they played in their families of origin.