Chemical-Specific T Cell Tests Aim to Bridge a Gap in Skin Sensitization Evaluation.

T cell activation is the final key event (KE4) in the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) of skin sensitization. However, validated new approach methodologies (NAMs) for evaluating this step are missing. Accordingly, chemicals that activate an unusually high frequency of T cells, as does the most prevalent metal allergen nickel, are not yet identified in a regulatory context.

Development and Validation of the Epidemiological Tattoo Assessment Tool to Assess Ink Exposure and Related Factors in Tattooed Populations for Medical Research: Cross-sectional Validation Study.

Background: Tattooing, whose popularity is growing worldwide, is an invasive body art that involves the injection of chemical mixtures, the tattoo ink, into the upper layer of the dermis. Although these inks may contain environmental toxins, including known human carcinogens, their long-term health effects are poorly studied. To conduct the urgently required epidemiological studies on tattoos and their long-term health effects, a validated method for assessing the complex tattoo exposure is needed.

Unique and common TCR repertoire features of Ni -, Co -, and Pd -specific human CD154 + CD4+ T cells.

Background: Apart from Ni , Co , and Pd ions commonly trigger T cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis. However, in vitro frequencies of metal-specific T cells and the mechanisms of antigen recognition remain unclear.

Methods: Here, we utilized a CD154 upregulation assay to quantify Ni -, Co -, and Pd -specific CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Frequencies and TCR Repertoires of Human 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-specific T Cells.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a widespread T cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease, but monitoring of chemical-specific T cells remains challenging. We here introduce short-term CD154/CD137 upregulation to monitor human T cell responses to the experimental sensitizer 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donor buffy coats were TNBS-modified and incubated with unmodified PBMC.