Utilizing Centromedian Thalamus Connectivity to Personalize Noninvasive Neuromodulation Targets.

Introduction: The centromedian nucleus (CM) of the thalamus is essential for arousal, attention, sensory processing, and motor control. Neuromodulation targeting CM dysfunction has shown efficacy in various neurological disorders. However, its individualized precise transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) remains unreported.

Neuronal basis of high frequency fMRI fluctuation: direct evidence from simultaneous recording.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has been extensively utilized for noninvasive investigation of human brain activity. While studies employing simultaneous recordings of fMRI and electrophysiology have established a connection between the low-frequency fluctuation (< 0.1 Hz) observed in RS-fMRI and the local field potential (LFP), it remains unclear whether the RS-fMRI signal exhibits frequency-dependent modulation, which is a well-documented phenomenon in LFP.

Biomimetic nanoparticles with red blood cell membranes for enhanced photothermal and immunotherapy for tumors.

The alarming escalation in cancer incidence and mortality has thrust into spotlight the quest for groundbreaking therapeutic strategies. Our research delves into the potential of RDIR780, a novel class of biomimetic nanoparticles cloaked in red blood cell membranes, to significantly enhance their persistence and therapeutic potency. Through an exhaustive suite of experiments, we have charted the therapeutic horizons of RDIR780 in the realms of tumor photothermal synergistic immunotherapy and targeted drug delivery.

Abnormal individualized functional connectivity: A potential stimulation target for pediatric tourette syndrome.

Objective: In order to examine whether individualized peak functional connectivity could potentially serve as a target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy, we investigated the location of peak functional connectivity (FC) between the cortical motor area and the key brain region, the globus pallidus internus (GPi), in Tourette syndrome, and explored the relationship between the severity of the disease and these aberrant functional connections.

Methods: The study involved a cohort of 103 children diagnosed with Tourette syndrome and 66 age-matched typically developing children. The GPi was served as the seed, and the study compared individualized peak FC strength in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor area between the two groups.

Aberrant neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia.

Neural oscillations are electrophysiological indicators of synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Recent work suggests aberrant patterns of neuronal activity in patients with poststroke aphasia. Yet, there is a lack of systematic explorations of neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia.

A systematic review of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by persistent social communication and interaction deficit. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising and emerging tool for the intervention of ASD by reducing both core and associate symptoms. Several reviews have been published regarding TMS-based ASD treatment, however, a systematic review on study characteristics, specific stimulating parameters, localization techniques, stimulated targets, behavioral outcomes, and neuroimage biomarker changes is lagged behind since 2018.

Investigating the effects and efficacy of self-compassion intervention on generalized anxiety disorders.

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the least successfully treated anxiety disorder. This clinical trial investigated the effects and efficacy of a novel self-compassion intervention in GAD.

Methods: A total of 75 GAD patients were assigned to a self-compassion intervention group (n = 25), a mindfulness intervention group (n = 25), or a treat-as-usual group (n = 25).

Impaired segregation of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder related pattern in children.

Background: Inattention is a key characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specific brain abnormalities associated with this symptom form a discernible pattern related with ADHD in children (i.e.

The Therapeutic Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Post-stroke Aphasia and the Optimal Treatment Parameters: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the overall effectiveness of TMS on post-stroke aphasia using a meta-analysis approach, as well as examine the effect of moderating variables (eg, study design, TMS protocol) on the effectiveness of TMS.

Data Sources: A keyword search was conducted in 5 databases: ERIC, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and ProQuest (01/1985-12/2022). The search algorithm included all possible combinations of relevant keywords.

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist modulates rTMS-induced pain experiences and corticospinal excitability dependent on stimulation targets.

Both the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) rTMS have the potential to reduce certain chronic pain conditions. However, the analgesic mechanisms remain unclear, in which M1- and DLPFC-rTMS may have different impact on the release of dopamine receptor D2 neurotransmissions (DRD2). Using a double-blind, randomised, sham- and placebo-controlled design, this study investigated the influence of DRD2 antagonist on rTMS-induced analgesia and corticospinal excitability across the M1 and DLPFC.

Short-term effect of coil handle orientations on fMRI-guided rTMS on insomnia: A case report.

Introduction: The coil handle orientation plays a pivotal role in the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). However, there is currently no consensus on the optimal individualized coil handle orientation, especially for non-motor areas.

Case Presentation: The present case reported a short-term effect of functional connectivity (FC)-guided rTMS with coil handle posterior-anterior 45° (PA45°) and posterior-anterior 135° (PA135°) on a patient with insomnia.

Abnormal individualized peak functional connectivity toward potential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to guide precise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The left, right, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) have been used as rTMS treatment target regions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), albeit with moderate efficacy. Thus, we aimed to develop an individualized localization method for rTMS treatment of ASD.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems targeting cancer cell surfaces.

Traditional cancer chemotherapy easily produces serious toxic and side effects due to the lack of specific selection of tumor cells, which restricts its curative effect. Targeted delivery can increase the concentration of drugs in the target site and reduce their toxic and side effects on normal tissues and cells. Biocompatible and surface-modifiable nanocarriers are novel drug delivery systems, which are used to specifically target tumor sites in a controllable way.

Causal relationship between circulating immune cells and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objectives: Though type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been known as a metabolic disease caused by multiple factors, the etiology remains insufficiently understood. Here, we aimed to figure out whether circulating immune cell profiles causally impact T2D liability.

Methods: We applied one genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of blood traits in 563,085 participants from the Blood Cell Consortium and another GWAS of flow cytometric profile of lymphocyte subsets comprising 3,757 Sardinians to identify genetically predicted blood immune cells.

Evaluation of Relationships between Corticospinal Excitability and Somatosensory Deficits in the Acute and Subacute Phases of Stroke.

Background: Somatosensory deficits are common symptoms post stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the motor cortex is able to promote motor rehabilitation, whereby its impact on somatosensory functioning remains unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the association between somatosensory deficits and corticospinal excitability following stroke, with the purpose to provide insights on rTMS interventions for the management of somatosensory deficits.

A randomised sham-controlled study evaluating rTMS analgesic efficacy for postherpetic neuralgia.

Context: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a refractory neuropathic pain condition in which new treatment options are being developed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may have the potential to reduce pain sensations in patients with postherpetic neuralgia.

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy on postherpetic neuralgia by stimulating two potential targets, the motor cortex (M1) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

Motor cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation to reduce intractable postherpetic neuralgia with poor response to other threapies: Report of two cases.

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a typical neuropathic pain condition that appears in the lesioned skin regions following the healing of shingles. The pain condition tends to persist, which is often accompanied by negative emotions ( anxiety and depression) and substantially reduces the quality of life. In addition to analgesia ( pregabalin and gabapentin), nerve radiofrequency technology is an effective treatment for intractable PHN.

Distinct Emotional and Cardiac Responses to Audio Erotica between Genders.

Emotional and cardiac responses to audio erotica and their gender differences are relatively unclear in the study of the human sexual response. The current study was designed to investigate gender differences regarding positive and negative emotional responses to erotica, as well as its association with cardiac response. A total of 40 healthy participants (20 women) were exposed to erotic, neutral, and happy audio segments during which emotions and heart rate changes were evaluated.

Short-term training helps second-language learners read like native readers: An ERP study.

This randomized controlled trial study aimed to examine what experience other than immersion may help adult learners read with native-like neural responses. We compared a group of 13 native Chinese English learners completing English letter-sound association training with another group of 12 completing visual symbol-sound association training and included one group of native English readers as the reference. The results showed that after three hours of training, all learners no longer showed attenuated cross-modal mismatch negativity (MMN) to English letter-sound integration as in the pretest.

Chinese-English bilinguals are more sensitive to environmental sound perception than Spanish-English bilinguals through top-down cognitive mechanism.

Sensitive perception to environmental sound is important for an individual's daily life since it helps in responding to the environment quickly and avoiding potential risks. It remains unclear, however, whether and how bilingual experiences with different native language backgrounds influence brain responses reflecting environmental sound perception. The present study compared Chinese-English bilinguals, Spanish-English bilinguals, and English monolinguals on their brain response to environmental sound perception and further examined its processing mechanism.