Potential Drug Interaction Between Liraglutide and Clonazepam: A Case Report.

Aviophobia, that is, fear of flying, is a common type of anxiety disorder. Benzodiazepines are used in the treatment of anxiety. Liraglutide is a treatment for obesity or overweight in combination with weight-related comorbidity.

Prevalence of bleeding in patients on single or dual antiplatelet therapy combined with vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants.

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation often require anticoagulation therapy to prevent stroke and thromboembolism. However, anticoagulants can have serious side effects, such as bleeding, particularly when combined with antiplatelet therapy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of major bleeding in patients receiving either dual or triple antithrombotic therapy.

Needle stick injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis practices among healthcare personnel working at tertiary care hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan.

Background: Healthcare workers face a high risk of blood-borne infections due to needlestick injuries, especially in developing countries like Pakistan.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of needlestick injuries, reporting practices, and post-exposure prophylaxis measures among healthcare personnel in tertiary care hospitals in Punjab.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2019.

The state of the academic pharmacy workforce specializing in geriatrics.

Objective: To describe the training, career experiences, and roles and responsibilities of faculty members in American and Canadian schools/colleges of pharmacy involved in geriatrics-focused teaching, research, practice, or service.

Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey was developed and pre-tested. Pharmacy faculty members with experience and/or expertise in geriatrics-focused practices or scholarships and/or who taught geriatrics-focused topics in US or Canadian pharmacy programs were eligible for participation.

Cardiovascular Toxicity Profile of Macrolides Investigated Using VigiBase Data: A Pharmacovigilance Study.

Macrolides are associated with cardiovascular toxicity risk. However, data on their cardiovascular toxicity profiles beyond QT prolongation are limited, and differences in the profiles among various macrolide antibiotics remain unclear. We investigated the cardiovascular toxicity profiles of different macrolides using VigiBase, a global database of individual case-safety reports.

Venetoclax and hypomethylating agents versus tagraxofusp in older patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a highly aggressive and rare hematologic malignancy characterized by poor response to multiagent chemotherapy and dismal survival outcomes of 8-16 months. Tagraxofusp, the first-in-class CD123-directed antineoplastic agent, has emerged as a highly effective therapy and is the only FDA approved drug for BPDCN. Nonetheless, significant treatment-related toxicities with tagraxofusp such as hepatotoxicity and capillary leak syndrome are unfortunately not uncommon and can be prohibitive for older or unfit patients.

Algorithm-managed dosing and pharmacist-managed dosing of erythropoietin stimulating agents in renal anaemia: a systematic review.

Objectives: The goal of this systematic review was to identify and summarise algorithm-managed and pharmacist-managed dosing of erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) in patients with renal anaemia and to determine the effects on available outcome parameters.

Methods: We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews. Studies investigating algorithm-managed and pharmacist-managed dosing of ESA in adult patients with renal anaemia were evaluated for inclusion.

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European studies published up to 22 January 2024.

Background: Up-to-date evidence from European studies on long-term vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines is lacking. This review aimed to evaluate effectiveness and durability of primary vaccine series and boosters in preventing infection and severe outcomes in the European population.

Methods: We conducted systematic searches of PubMed and Embase up to 22 January 2024.

Temporal trends in the incidence and case severity of COVID-19 cases among the Syrian refugees in Azraq camp in Jordan: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Azraq Syrian refugee camp, located in Jordan, is where the challenges of managing the COVID-19 epidemic meet the vulnerabilities of displaced people. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 among Azraq camp residents.

Methods: COVID-19 data from Azraq camp were collected by International Medical Corps clinics and analyzed retrospectively from August 1, 2020, to August 31, 2022.

Medication-induced causes of delirium in patients with and without dementia: a systematic review of published neurology guidelines.

Background: While medication is a recognized risk factor of delirium, there is currently a lack of detailed information on managing and preventing medication-induced cases.

Aim: This review summarizes the information provided in neurology guidelines on medication-induced delirium in patients with and without dementia to inform guidance on prevention and management strategies.

Method: A systematic literature review was conducted across 114 neurological and medical organisations, Guideline Central and PubMed.

A narrative review of phase III and IV clinical trials for the pharmacological treatment of Huntington's disease in adults.

Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative condition characterized by progression of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric abnormalities. Despite the lack of definitive medications, current research efforts are actively assessing novel pharmaceutical interventions through phase III and IV clinical trials to mitigate the limited effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches. The primary objective of these trials is to enhance symptom management and improve the overall quality of life for individuals diagnosed with HD.

Severe fluoropyrimidine toxicity in older adults with cancer with DPYD wild type.

Background: Despite the implementation of DPYD genotype-guided dosing, approximately 1 in 3 patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-containing chemotherapy continues to experience severe toxicity. While clinical studies have demonstrated a favorable tolerance among highly selected fit older adults, real-world studies have shown an increased risk of toxicity.

Objective: To identify predictors of severe toxicity or treatment deintensification in older DPYD wild-type adults receiving fluoropyrimidine-containing chemotherapy.

Cosmetics Utilization Pattern, Perceived Adverse Effects and Identified Factors Among Final Year Under Graduate Female Students, University of Gondar, Ethiopia.

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of cosmetics utilization and perceived adverse effects among female final-year undergraduate students at the University of Gondar, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2023 to May 2024. We used stratified, simple random sampling techniques to select study participants.

Expanding access to NCD services via community retail pharmacies in LMICs: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global health challenge. In LMICs, NCDs are an incresing driver of premature deaths and have substantial economic impacts, particularly on working-age adults. The World Health Organization has identified four priority NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer - which are included in its Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions for low-resource primary care settings.

A review on the role of nanoparticles for targeted brain drug delivery: synthesis, characterization, and applications.

Unfortunately, nowadays, brain disorders, which include both neurological and mental disorders, are the main cause of years spent living with a disability worldwide. There are serious diseases with a high prevalence and a high mortality rate. However, the outmoded technical infrastructure makes their treatment difficult.

The Effects of the Early and Late Phases of Septic Shock on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin.

Pathophysiologic changes in the early and late phases of septic shock affect the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, varying dose adjustments may be necessary. This study aimed to create the PK models of vancomycin in the early and late phases of septic shock and to describe the association between the area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC) and acute kidney injury (AKI). The data from patients with septic shock receiving vancomycin was collected either prospectively or retrospectively.

Sensory quality and metabolite dynamics in an organic selenium-enriched milk fermented by Geotrichum candidum.

This study explores selenium enrichment of milk through microbial transformation, utilizing Geotrichum candidum LG-8, isolated from traditional dairy products. A combination of electronic tongue, electronic nose, HPLC-ICP-MS, and UHPLC-QTOF-MS were used to evaluate milk quality, organic selenium types, and various components. The milk retained a weakly acidic pH post-transformation, with a flavor profile rich in sour, sweet, and umami tastes.

PBPK Modeling: Empowering Drug Development and Precision Dosing in China.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, a cornerstone of model-informed drug development and model-informed precision dosing, simulates drug disposition in the human body by integrating physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical parameters. While PBPK modeling has advanced globally since the 1970s, China's adoption of this technology has followed a distinctive path, characterized by accelerated growth over the past 2 decades. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of China's contributions to PBPK modeling, addressing knowledge gaps in publication trends, application domains, and platform preferences.

Blood pressure elevations post-lenvatinib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential marker for better prognosis.

Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and is used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. However, angiogenesis inhibitors often cause hypertension. Although lenvatinib-induced hypertension has been proposed as a potential surrogate marker for better prognosis, studies on blood pressure elevations and outcomes following lenvatinib initiation are limited.

The association between the number of HLA risk alleles and drug allergy and its implications for HLA screening - a case-control study.

Patients carrying specific HLA risk alleles are at higher risk for developing drug hypersensitivity reactions, yet pre-therapeutic screening is uncommon. We examined whether patients with a history of drug allergies have more HLA risk alleles to assess whether these patients are potential candidates for pre-therapeutic HLA screening. We performed a case-control study with patients who had a self-reported history of drug allergy (N = 94) and patients without such a history (N = 185).

Economic burden of acute coronary syndrome from payer perspective in a health system following the Beveridge Model.

Background: Cost of illness (COI) studies provide crucial data to policymakers for prioritizing resource allocation, particularly in Iraq that lacks such studies. The objective of this COI study was to measure the direct medical costs for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during hospitalization from the payer perspective.

Methods: This multi-source hospital-based study collected data from patient medical records, healthcare providers, and hospital administration from December 2023 through January 2024.

Predicting diabetes self-management education engagement: machine learning algorithms and models.

Introduction: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as an essential component of diabetes management. However, the utilization of DSME remains limited in the USA. This study aimed to investigate current DSME participation among the older population and to identify comprehensive factors of DSME engagement through employing various machine learning (ML) models based on a US nationally representative survey linked to claims data.

Betulinic Acid Inhibits Glioma Progression by Inducing Ferroptosis Through the PI3K/Akt and NRF2/HO-1 Pathways.

Background: Gliomas currently have a poor prognosis and limited therapy options. Betulinic acid (BA) has demonstrated antitumor activity in various cancers. This study is aimed at clarifying the underlying mechanisms by which BA inhibits gliomas.

Antitumour and anti-angiogenesis efficacy of a multifunctional self-oxygenated active-targeting drug delivery system by encapsulating biological and chemotherapeutic drugs.

The hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME), resulting from abnormal tumour angiogenesis, is a major factor contributing to treatment failure in breast cancer patients. In this study, we present a ZnO-based oestrone-conjugated PEGylated liposome (ZnO@EPL-CDDP/EGCG) that incorporates cisplatin (CDDP) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). ZnO remains stable in neutral environments but decomposes under mildly acidic conditions, releasing Zn²⁺ and H₂O₂.