GLP-1RA-induced delays in gastrointestinal motility: Predicted effects on coadministered drug absorption by PBPK analysis.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are breakthrough medicines for obesity treatment and have rapidly gained widespread clinical application. Although GLP-1RAs are generally not associated with drug-drug interactions (DDIs) via drug metabolism or transporter pathways, their effects on reduced gastrointestinal (GI) motility could influence the pharmacokinetics of coadministered oral medications.

Objectives: This study uses physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to evaluate the DDI potential of GLP-1RA-induced GI motility delays.

Sequential Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Taiwan: Real-World Evidence From Regorafenib and Trifluridine/Tipiracil Use.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of sequential treatment with regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD-TPI) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Taiwan.

Methods: Data were obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to assess clinical outcomes in mCRC patients who were treated with both drugs in either sequential order from 2016 to 2019. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox's proportional hazard models, with adjustments made for age, gender, Quan-CCI score, presence of liver metastases, number of metastatic sites, and the use of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor medications.

Foamy monocytes and atherogenesis in mice with combined hyperlipidemia and effects of antisense knockdown of apoCIII.

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), particularly in combined hyperlipidemia, increases risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We sought to determine contributions of circulating monocytes to atherosclerosis associated with HTG in combined hyperlipidemia, created by transgenic expression of human apoCIII in Ldlr mice (LdlrApoCIIItg) fed western high-fat diet (WD). Tissue culture with THP1 and primary human monocytes was used to examine effects of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) on monocytes.

Future treatment paradigms in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a personal view from physicians, health authorities, and patients.

Novel treatments in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with significant pathophysiological and clinical responses have generated renewed interest in changing the course of the disease and achieving long-term disease control. Historically, the term disease modification was coined in rheumatological conditions with therapies that managed to treat the underlying condition as opposed to just alleviating symptoms. With the advent of novel therapies, the term disease modification was introduced in our discussions.

Stakeholders' Perspectives Toward the Use of Patient Registry Data for Decision-Making on Medicines: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: The use of patient registries in regulatory, health technology assessment (HTA), and payer decision-making has gained increasing attention in recent years. Stakeholders' perspectives toward the use of registry-based real-world evidence (RWE) are unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess stakeholders' perspectives toward the use of RWE from patient registries in decision-making on medicines and explore factors influencing their intention to use registry data in the future.

Baicalin alleviates lipid metabolism disorders in diabetic kidney disease via targeting FKBP51.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents the primary aetiological factor in end-stage renal disease, wherein lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the progression of DKD. Baicalin, a composition from Scutellaria baicalensis, has exhibited the potential to mitigate lipid metabolism disorders of DKD, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: High-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DKD mouse model was established to appraise the effects of baicalin on renal function, dyslipidemia, and renal ectopic lipid deposition.

Integrating early response biomarkers in pharmacokinetic models: A novel method to individualize the initial infliximab dose in patients with Crohn's disease.

The use of model-informed precision dosing to personalize infliximab has been shown to improve both the acquisition of concentration targets and clinical outcomes during maintenance. Current iterations of infliximab pharmacokinetic models include time-varying covariates of drug clearance, however, not accounting for the expected improvements in the covariates can lead to indiscriminate use of higher infliximab doses and imprecise drug exposure. The aim was to identify changes in the four biomarkers associated with infliximab clearance (Xiong et al.

Vancomycin dosing design method considering risk factors for nephrotoxicity.

Background: Vancomycin (VCM) induces nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and patients with risk factors for nephrotoxicity have been reported to develop nephrotoxicity even within the effective concentration range. In the present study, we investigated measures to set an appropriate AUCss for each case by assessing the risk of developing nephrotoxicity using logistic regression curves, separating patients into a High-risk group with risk factors associated with nephrotoxicity when VCM is used and a Low-risk group without risk factors.

Methods: A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for nephrotoxicity.

A preliminary exploration of liver microsomes and PBPK to uncover the impact of CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C19 on tacrolimus and voriconazole drug-drug interactions.

Solid transplant recipients are at increased risk for invasive aspergillosis. Tacrolimus and Voriconazole is one of the most frequently utilized treatments for those recipients with invasive fungal infections. However, it is difficult to use them properly due to the interaction between them.

Outcome of HIV patients on ART during the war and siege in a tertiary hospital in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

The war and siege in Tigray, Ethiopia, have devastated the region's health system, critically impacting care for people living with HIV. This study aimed to assess the outcomes and factors affecting HIV patients during this crisis. An independent, repeated cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between October and November 2022.

Early sepsis recognition: a pilot study using a rapid high-multiplex host-response mRNA diagnostic test.

Background: Early sepsis diagnosis is essential to allow timely initiation of adequate care. The TriVerity™ Test, performed on the Myrna™ Instrument, is the first rapid high-multiplex host-response mRNA diagnostic test that supports clinical decision-making by evaluating the likelihood of bacterial and/or viral infections and severity of illness. We present findings of the first, proof of concept, real-world evaluation in an emergency department (ED).

Development of a Core Critical Care Data Dictionary With Common Data Elements to Characterize Critical Illness and Injuries Using a Modified Delphi Method.

Objectives: To develop the first core Critical Care Data Dictionary (C2D2) with common data elements (CDEs) to characterize critical illness and injuries.

Design: Group consensus process using modified Delphi approach.

Setting: Electronic surveys and in-person meetings.

A review on intrathecal administration of medications for leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors.

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a particular mode of central metastasis in malignant tumors. It occurs when tumor cells infiltrate the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), spreading throughout the central nervous system (CNS). LMD is a rare but devastating complication of malignant tumors.

Non-communicable diseases in Saudi adolescents: prevalence, risk factors, and implications for public health.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Saudi adolescents, focusing on obesity, conduct disorder, asthma, and anxiety, and to identify potential risk factors associated with these conditions.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 2,160 adolescents sourced from official government databases and peer-reviewed literature. Statistical methods included one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, with significance set at  < 0.

A pilot mixed methods randomized control trial investigating the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally tailored intervention focused on beliefs, mistrust and race-congruent peer support for Black adults with diabetes.

Introduction: Black adults disproportionately experience poor glycemic control and medication nonadherence, yet few diabetes self-management programs address their unique health beliefs, provider mistrust and sociocultural barriers to taking diabetes medications. This 6-month pilot randomized feasibility trial compared a culturally tailored diabetes self-management program, incorporating beliefs about diabetes, mistrust, and race-congruent peer support to a standard diabetes program.

Methods: An embedded mixed methods design examined the feasibility of the pilot trial, including recruitment, retention, intervention adherence and participant acceptability.

Clinical inertia and treatment intensification among patients with type ii diabetes mellitus at Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study.

Background: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have clinical inertia often struggle to control their blood sugar levels and do not receive timely treatment intensification. Strict glycemic control has advantages, but many patients with diabetes are unable to reach their target blood sugar levels. The study's main objective was to determine the prevalence of clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital(DTCSH) in Ethiopia.

Involuntary intoxication caused by vaping the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA: A case report.

Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly available. We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because of sudden headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset of his symptoms.

Corrigendum to "Mitigation of cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity by Isorhamnetin: Mechanistic insights into oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis modulation" [Toxicol. Rep. 12 (2024) 564-573].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.

Adverse events associated with inclisiran: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Objective: To gain an improved comprehension of inclisiran safety in real-world settings by data mining from FAERS.

Methods: Data were gathered between 1 December 2020 and 31 December 2023. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) corresponding preferred term (PT) and system organ class (SOC) were used to categorize adverse medication reactions in AE reports (AERs).

Admission deep venous thromboembolism of the lower extremity in patients of subtrochanteric fractures: a retrospective study.

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures, which constitute 5-10% of proximal femoral fractures, are particularly challenging due to their high incidence of nonunion and failure of internal fixation. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities is notably higher among patients with orthopedic trauma, leading to significantly increased healthcare costs and prolonged hospitalization. The number of studies focusing on the incidence and risk factors among the patients with subtrochanteric fractures was quite limited.

Impact of educational intervention on knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use patterns among healthcare students: a pre- and post-intervention study.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, partly driven by inappropriate antibiotic use. Healthcare students, as future practitioners, must have a good understanding of AMR to contribute to antimicrobial stewardship. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on healthcare students' knowledge of AMR and to assess patterns of antibiotic use prior to the intervention.

Evaluation of Cardiovascular and Hepatic Changes in Myocardial Infarction Patients Post-Covid-19 Vaccination.

Introduction: The global COVID-19 vaccination campaign has significantly reduced severe illness and mortality; however, emerging evidence raises concerns regarding its potential cardiovascular effects, particularly myocardial infarction (MI).

Method: This study investigates the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and MI incidence among first-time MI patients in Saudi Arabia. Post-COVID-19 vaccination within six months postvaccination accounted for potential confounding factors, such as pre-existing health conditions, age, and lifestyle.

Healthcare Undergraduates' Attitudes and Readiness Toward Interprofessional Education at a Saudi University.

Objective: Interprofessional education (IPE) is widely recognized as an effective practice in healthcare education that helps healthcare students understand different professional roles, and values related to collaboration, teamwork, and leadership within healthcare teams. This study was conducted to measure attitudes and readiness for IPE among healthcare students at Taif University and to explore any differences in students' attitudes in relation to their healthcare program, year of study and other related factors.

Methods: Healthcare undergraduates participated in a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2024 to March 2024.

Risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection following use of fluoroquinolones: a retrospective multinational network cohort study.

Background: Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), but some studies have suggested they may increase the risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection (AA/AD). However, no large-scale international study has thoroughly assessed this risk.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a large, distributed network analysis across 14 databases from 5 countries (United States, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Australia).