Clinical pharmacist-led medication reconciliation supplemented with medication review in admitted patients with chronic kidney disease: a cost-benefit analysis.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high economic burden, which is exacerbated by the high susceptibility to drug-related problems (DRPs) in this patient population. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of medication reconciliation supplemented with medication review for inpatients with CKD, compared with the absence of this intervention.

Design: This was a cost-benefit analysis conducted along with a prospective interventional study.

Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients undergoing catheterization.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) represent a global health burden contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a small glycoprotein, is secreted by inflammatory neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, playing a role in inflammation. However, its relevance as a predictor of ASCVDs risk across patients from low to very high-risk, and correlation with the need for revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remains largely unexplored.

The Role of MicroRNAs in Neurodegeneration: Insights from Huntington's Disease.

MicroRNA (miRNAs) is a single non-coding strand with a small sequence of approximately 21-25 nucleotides, which could be a biomarker or act as a therapeutic agent for disease. This review explores the dynamic role of miRNAs in Huntington's disease (HD), encompassing their regulatory function, potential as diagnostic biomarker tools, and emerging therapeutic applications. We delved into the dysregulation of specific miRNAs in HD, for instance, downregulated levels of miR-9 and miR-124 and increased levels of miR-155 and miR-196a.

Impact of lisinopril on cisplatin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and impaired steroidogenesis in rat testis: involvement of Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 and PPARγ signaling.

Testicular dysfunction is a significant long-term side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP), primarily due to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Lisinopril (LSP), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used for hypertension treatment, has a debated impact on reproductive function. This study investigates, for the first time, the ability of LSP to counteract CDDP-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and steroidogenic disturbances in rat testis.

Independent associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Introduction: We evaluated the independent associations between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Methods: Among 177,680 members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who completed a survey on health risks, we residualized TGs and HDL-C conditional on age, sex, and body mass index. We included these residuals individually and concurrently in Cox models predicting ADRD incidence.

Monitoring the impact of regulatory measures on medicine pricing in Thailand: an observation over a 16-year span.

Background: Following a 2007 report by the Thai Food and Drug Administration highlighting disparities in drug pricing across different sectors, there has been a concerted effort to establish and enforce a cohesive medicine pricing policy in Thailand. This study aims to explore the government interventions on medicine pricing in Thailand.

Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research included a literature review and a cross-sectional survey of medicine prices using the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology.

The Impact of Early Protein Advancement in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cardinality Matching Study.

Background: Limited evidence is available regarding the safety and effectiveness of early high protein intake in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to assess the safety of early protein advancement during nutritional support in these patients.

Methods: A multi-center retrospective cohort study included adult critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at three centers in Saudi Arabia.

Therapeutic Potential of Chitosan Nasal Gel in Addressing Olfactory Dysfunction: A Clinical Trial and Mechanistic Study.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts daily life, affecting safety, appetite, and sensory enjoyment. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are essential for odor detection, but environmental exposure can lead to dysfunction. Regeneration of these neurons is crucial for maintaining olfactory function, and elevated calcium levels in nasal mucus are linked to this dysfunction.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of CYP2D6 Associated Interaction Between Venlafaxine and Strong Inhibitor Bupropion-The Influence of Age-Relevant Changes and Inhibitory Dose to Classify Therapeutical Success and Harm.

Venlafaxine (VEN) is commonly used in young and elderly patients. Bupropion (BUP) is occasionally added to depression treatments with VEN. BUP's inhibitory potential toward CYP2D6, VEN's main metabolic pathway, may provoke a higher risk for toxic or adverse drug effects.

Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has highlighted the need for effective infectious disease strategies. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) may reduce antibiotic resistance, adverse reactions, and treatment failures. This systematic review examines ASPs in Saudi Arabia, assessing their efficacy, challenges, and outcomes to improve antimicrobial use and patient care.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Vitamin D supplementation is effective for allergic rhinitis; however, its usefulness is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the conditions in which vitamin D supplementation was effective in allergic rhinitis management. : Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation used for patients with allergic rhinitis were searched for across different databases.

Is the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio a Predictive Factor of Pathological Complete Response in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?

The role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of response in breast cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is controversial. This study aims to explore the relationship of NLR with pathological complete response (pCR) in a cohort of Egyptian breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Forty-six breast cancer females received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and then underwent surgery.

A Meta-Analysis to Assess the Probable Association of Hypertension During Pregnancy and Placenta Accreta.

: A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the probable association of hypertension during pregnancy and placenta accreta (PA). : A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2024, resulting in the identification of 10 studies encompassing 128,589 pregnant women. They reported associations between the possible impacts of hypertension during pregnancy and PA.

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Orlistat in Combination with "Cardamom" Extract on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and Neuroinflammation in Obese Mice.

: Obesity has increased worldwide, and existing anti-obesity medications have treatment limitations that diminish their overall benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of orlistat in combination with "Cardamom" (CAR) extract on working memory, recognition memory, anxiety, and inflammation within hippocampal tissue. : Mice were categorized into two groups: a control group (CD) and a cafeteria diet (CAF) group induced with obesity (CAF) for 10 weeks.

Evaluation of the Effect of Management of Drug-Related Problems on Clinical Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism Outpatients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) poses significant morbidity and mortality risks, necessitating tailored anticoagulant therapy. Limited studies investigate the drug-related problems (DRPs) in PE. This study aims to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist (CP) interventions on drug-related problems (DRPs) and clinical outcomes in outpatients with PE.

Exploring Heterogeneity of Fecal Microbiome in Long COVID Patients at 3 to 6 Months After Infection.

An estimated 10% of COVID-19 survivors have been reported to suffer from complaints after at least three months. The intestinal microbiome has been shown to impact long COVID through the gut-lung axis and impact the severity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and clinical characteristics, exploring microbiome heterogeneity through clustering.

Zebrafish as a Suitable Model for Utilizing the Bioactivity of Coumarins and Coumarin-Based Compounds.

The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use of coumarin-derived compounds in the zebrafish () model. Coumarins, a class of naturally occurring compounds with diverse biological activities, including compounds such as coumarin, angelicin, and warfarin, have attracted considerable attention in the study of potential therapeutic agents for cancer, central nervous system disorders, and infectious diseases. The capabilities of coumarins as active compounds have led to synthesizing various derivatives with their own properties.

The Development of Standardized National Head Circumference Growth Charts for Jordanian Children Aged 0-5 Years: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study.

Head circumference (HC) is a key indicator of growth and brain development in children, used to identify abnormalities like microcephaly and macrocephaly. While WHO growth standards are widely adopted, they may not account for regional variations due to genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. This study aimed to develop and validate national HC growth charts for Jordanian children aged 0-5 years and compare them with WHO standards.

Targeting Ferroptosis in Rare Neurological Disorders Including Pediatric Conditions: Innovations and Therapeutic Challenges.

Ferroptosis, characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a key mechanism underlying neurodegeneration in rare neurological disorders. These conditions, often marked by significant therapeutic gaps and high unmet medical needs, present unique challenges for intervention development. This review examines the involvement of ferroptosis in rare neurological disease pathogenesis, focusing on its role in oxidative damage and neuronal dysfunction.

Correction: Aleem et al. Whole-Genome Identification of APX and CAT Gene Families in Cultivated and Wild Soybeans and Their Regulatory Function in Plant Development and Stress Response. 2022, , 1626.

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Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Towards Antibiotic Use, Resistance, and Antimicrobial Stewardship Among Final-Year Medical and Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia.

: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global crisis leading to increased mortality and economic burden. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) promotes responsible antibiotic use and prescribing practices to combat ABR. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of final-year medical and pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia regarding antibiotic use, ABR, and AMS.

Targeting Zfp36 to combat cardiac hypertrophy: Insights into ferroptosis pathways.

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy is a precursor to heart failure and represents a significant global cause of mortality, thereby necessitating timely and effective therapeutic interventions. Zinc finger protein 36 (Zfp36) is recognised as a critical regulator of ferroptosis; however, its role and underlying mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the regulatory function of Zfp36 in ferroptosis within the context of cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods in dynamic treatment regimens using observational healthcare data: A systematic review.

We present a systematic review of methods used to estimate Dynamic Treatment Regimens (DTR) using observational healthcare data and provide a brief summary of their strengths and weaknesses, evaluation metrics, and suitable research problem settings. We considered all observational studies identified in PubMed or EMBASE between January 1950 until January 2022, including only studies that evaluated medical treatments or interventions as exposure and/or outcome in patients and where DTRs were estimated. 83 studies met our inclusion criteria; 44.

Real-world pharmacokinetics of trametinib in pediatric low-grade glioma.

Purpose: Trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, has emerged as a promising treatment for pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG). However, trametinib exhibits significant inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, and studies in adults demonstrated an exposure-efficacy relationship. This study aimed to evaluate the PK profile of trametinib in pediatric routine care and explore potential exposure-outcome relationships.

Model-informed development of a cost-saving dosing regimen for enfortumab vedotin.

Aim: Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that has been approved for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab, and has shown significant benefit in progression-free survival and overall survival for these patients. The economic burden of enfortumab vedotin hampers widespread patient access. The aim of this study was to develop a model-informed alternative dosing regimen that results in equivalent drug exposure while reducing the costs and prevent drug spillage.