Developing and evaluating a Disaster Management Assessment Tool for Health Care Practitioners.

Background: Over the last fifty years, the frequency and intensity of disasters have escalated, highlighting the importance of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) being thoroughly prepared for disaster management. Despite this pressing need, there is a notable lack of well-developed and rigorously evaluated assessment tools to evaluate disaster preparedness among HCPs across various disciplines and disaster scenarios. This study aims to develop and evaluate a Disaster Management Assessment Tool for Health Care Practitioners (DMAT_HCP).

Treatment outcomes of chronic liver disease and associated factors among patients treated at hospitals in Bahir Dar city, north-west Ethiopia.

Background: Chronic liver disease is an on-going loss of liver structure and functions that lasts for at least six months. About 1.5 billion population suffered with this devastating disease worldwide.

The gut microbiota during tamoxifen therapy in patients with breast cancer.

Tamoxifen is essential in treating estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, primarily through its active metabolite, endoxifen. Emerging research suggests potential interactions between tamoxifen and gut microbiota. This study investigates the effects of tamoxifen on gut microbiota composition in postmenopausal ER+ and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer patients and explores correlations between gut microbiota and endoxifen plasma levels.

Inverse dose-dependent effects of aripiprazole on sexual dysfunction and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia.

Aripiprazole, with its distinct pharmacodynamic profile, acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D and serotonin 5-HT receptors and an antagonist at 5-HT receptors, offering a superior safety profile compared to other antipsychotic drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the dose-dependent effects of aripiprazole on sexual dysfunction and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia. Patients receiving aripiprazole were recruited for this study.

Discovery and evaluation of novel Benzohydroxamic acid-indole derivatives as dual inhibitors of ADAM17 and HDAC2 with antitumor activity.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its high recurrence rate and invasive characteristics. The design of drugs with dual-target combined effects represents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Our observations suggest that ADAM17 and HDAC may inhibit the unfavorable prognostic signaling pathway Notch1 in HCC through distinct mechanisms, thereby suppressing tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.

Out-of-hospital assessment and triage of paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure in the United States and Canada: a consensus guideline.

Introduction: Consensus guidelines for out-of-hospital assessment and triage of paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure were published in 2006. Changes in the healthcare system, paracetamol ingestion trends, and availability of paracetamol-containing products necessitate an update to these guidelines. Updated guidelines were created for out-of-hospital management of paracetamol exposure in the United States and Canada.

SLCO1B1 Functional Variants, Bilirubin, Statin-Induced Myotoxicity, and Recent Sub-Saharan African Ancestry: A Precision Medicine Health Equity Study.

Statin pharmacogenetic implementation guidelines are derived from evidence of primarily Eurocentrically biased study populations. Functional SLCO1B1 variants that are rare in these study populations have not been equitably investigated and are thus missing from guidelines. The objective of this precision medicine health equity study was to determine the clinical validity of understudied candidate functional SLCO1B1 variants common in people with 1,000 Genomes sub-Saharan African superpopulation (1KG-AFR-like) genetic similarity.

FEN1-Aided RPA (FARPA) Coupled with Autosampling Microfluidic Chip Enables Highly Multiplexed On-Site Pathogen Screening.

A simple, rapid, low-cost, and multiplex detection platform is crucial for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially for on-site pathogen screening. However, current methods are difficult to satisfy the requirements for minimal instrument and multiplexed point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, we propose a versatile and easy-to-use platform (FARPA-chip) by combining multiplex FARPA with an autosampling microfluidic chip.

Emergence of Infective Endocarditis Due to spp.: Results of a Multicenter Cohort.

Background: Infective endocarditis due to spp. (S-IE) has historically been considered a rare entity. Typically linked to injection drug use (IDU), S-IE appears to be a growing problem as the harms of unsafe drug use proliferate.

Capturing pharmacists' perspectives on the value, risks, and applications of ChatGPT in pharmacy practice: A qualitative study.

Objectives: To investigate the pharmacists' perspectives on benefits and risks of using ChatGPT in pharmacy practice and explore how this disruptive and ground-breaking technology can be effectively integrated.

Methods And Materials: A qualitative approach that draws data from licensed pharmacists using semi-structured interviews.

Results: Most participants felt ChatGPT could enhance the compliance, use, management, safety, adherence to medication, medication counseling, minimize medication errors, and streamline medication dispensing.

Intraoperative redosing of antibiotics for prevention of surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis is essential for preventing surgical site infections (SSI); however, the clinical benefit of intraoperative redosing remains unclear and controversial owing to insufficient reliable evidence. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic redosing in lengthy surgical procedures.

Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Ichushi-Web databases for articles published until 31 December, 2023.

Public perceptions and influencing factors of seasonal influenza vaccine uptake in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Seasonal influenza vaccination is essential for reducing the risk and impact of influenza. Makkah region in Saudi Arabia, a destination for millions of pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah, presents a unique context for this study. Therefore, this research investigates the prevalence and influencing factors of influenza vaccine uptake among the public in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.

Association of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting or anorexia with plasma levels of five gastrointestinal peptides in patients receiving chemotherapy.

Background: Imbalance between gastrointestinal peptides has been implicated as a cause of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and anorexia in cancer patients. This study comprehensively evaluated the changes in blood levels of five gastrointestinal peptide: substance P, neuropeptide (NPY), motilin, ghrelin and leptin, following chemotherapy, and the relationship between these peptides and CINV or anorexia.

Methods: This single-center, prospective, observational study recruited 20 patients with esophageal cancer, urothelial cancer, or testiculoma undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Opportunities for Precision Dosing of Cytotoxic Drugs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Bridging the Gap in Precision Medicine.

Precision dosing of classical cytotoxic drugs in oncology remains underdeveloped, especially in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, classical cytotoxic agents continue to play a critical role in NSCLC treatment. However, the current body surface area (BSA)-based dosing of these agents fails to adequately address interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics.

Systematic review of the reporting of extrarenal manifestations in observational studies of Saudi patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: SLE is prevalent in Saudi Arabia, with numerous studies focusing on SLE in adult patients. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies summarising the extrarenal manifestations of SLE in this population. This study aims to assess the variability in the prevalence rates of extrarenal manifestations of SLE across different cities in Saudi Arabia and to emphasise the need for a national registry to better understand the overall disease burden in the region.

Pocket guide: biologics in upper and lower airways in adults.

The introduction of biologics for the treatment of severe upper and lower (type 2) airway inflammation has been a gamechanger in the management of these diseases. Biologics are injectable medications targeting different molecules relevant in (type 2) inflammation in patients with severe (type 2) airway diseases, like asthma, eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and those who remain uncontrolled despite regular treatment (1-3). After the phase 3 trials, showing significant impact on symptoms, quality of life and interventions like surgery (for the upper airways) and exacerbations needing hospitalisation (for the lower airways), biologics are now used in daily practice in many parts of the world (4, 5).

Association between Life's Essential 8 and Atherogenic Index of Plasma in adults: insights from NHANES 2007-2018.

Introduction: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has become a significant global public health challenge, contributing to rising mortality rates. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), providing insights into the assessment and improvement of Cardiovascular Health (CVH).

Methods: We conducted an analysis of data from 8,215 U.

Study the Effect of Intraperitoneal Dexamethasone, Dexmedetomidine, and Their Combination on PONV After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Triple-Blind Trial.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are major adverse consequences following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several drugs have been used to combat its occurrence. This study aimed to show the efficacy of the intraperitoneal route and compare different antiemetic effects of dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, and their combination on PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in a tertiary care hospital.

Does adding digital inhalers to asthma triple therapy result in quadruple therapy?

https://bit.ly/3UTWtWv.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Alpha Thalassemia Major.

Alpha thalassemia major (ATM) is the most severe form of α-thalassemia, with thousands of cases annually throughout the world. It was historically incompatible with life, with almost all affected individuals dying at or before birth. Recent advances utilizing early, serial intrauterine transfusions have resulted in improved outcomes, including improved neurocognitive functioning and less congenital anomalies.

Impact of paralytic choice on postintubation sedation and analgesia in the emergency department.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Aspirin plus rivaroxaban efficacy and safety in embolic stroke of undetermined source: A randomized, placebo-controlled, outcome assessor-blind, feasibility study.

Introduction: The high prevalence of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), the considerable risk of ischemic stroke, and the need for novel antithrombotic strategies highlight ESUS as an important priority in stroke research in the coming years. This study is designed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban along with aspirin in reducing stroke recurrence in patients with ESUS.

Materials And Methods: The present study is a parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized, outcome-assessor blind, on patients in whom ESUS has recently (7-60 days) identified and had one risk factor of a potential embolic source.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on insulin use in CKD and type 2 diabetes: Insights from the CREDENCE trial.

Background: Insulin is a mainstay treatment for diabetes, but its use is associated with weight gain and hypoglycaemia. Data on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on insulin use in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited.

Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial.

Photothermal-controlled microneedle for transdermal delivery of metal-phenolic nanozyme with staged multifunctions to accelerate healing of infected diabetic wounds.

Conventional wound dressings for infected diabetic wounds (IDWs) typically target only the wound surface, often neglecting the need for multifunctional therapies that address deeper tissue layers, resulting in less effective treatment outcomes. Emerging research suggests that a comprehensive approach to IDW therapy should involve the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents capable of staged bacterial eradication, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and angiogenesis. This study introduces a novel metal-phenolic nanozyme, CuTA@MnO nanoflake, designed for transdermal delivery in IDW therapy.