Assessment of potential drug-drug interactions in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases: an experience from a secondary care hospital.

Background: Polypharmacy is common among hospitalized patients with infectious infections owing to comorbidities or concurrent illnesses. This raises the likelihood of drug-drug interactions and creates uncertainty for healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital.

Mathematical Albumin Function for Neonates Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia in Comparison with Control Neonates.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from perinatal asphyxia presents a substantial risk of mortality and long-term sequelae in neonates. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves both short- and long-term outcomes in near-term/term neonates with moderate to severe HIE. While neonates with perinatal asphyxia and TH often require polypharmacy, the impact of both covariates on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is only partially described and quantified.

Pilot Screening Program for Early Detection of Type 1 Diabetes in First-Degree Relatives in Saudi Arabia (VISION-T1D): Study Design.

Background: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a growing global health concern, with a notable rise in incidence in Saudi Arabia. Despite the potential benefits of early detection through screening programs, such initiatives are currently lacking in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of a T1D screening program targeting high-risk individuals, specifically children with a first-degree relative diagnosed with T1D.

Racial Disparities in Mood Stabilizer Prescribing in Mania in Nonpsychotic, Hospitalized Patients With Bipolar I Disorder.

To investigate racial disparities in the first-time prescription of mood stabilizers for first-episode mania in nonpsychotic, hospitalized patients with bipolar I disorder, specifically comparing the rates of lithium and valproic acid prescription between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. We included eligible hospitalized non Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients newly diagnosed with bipolar I disorder without psychotic features between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023.

Gender equality in education and community pharmacy practice in the Middle East: A systematic review of literature.

Background: Most of the world has made progress towards attaining gender equality in education and practice of healthcare. Nevertheless, in the Middle East, noting restrictive social and religious norms, there are questions as to whether such equality witnessed in other parts of the world is a reality in this region.

Methods: A comprehensive search of 4 electronic databases was carried out for literature on gender equality on education and community pharmacy practice in the Middle East.

Prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among diabetic chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Tanzania.

Background: Poor glycemic control in diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis is of great challenge, resulting in increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among diabetic CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 dialysis centers located in four regions of Tanzania from March to June 2023.

Unveiling Topics and Emotions in Arabic Tweets Surrounding the COVID-19 Pandemic: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis Approach.

Background: The worldwide effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been profound, and the Arab world has not been exempt from its wide-ranging consequences. Within this context, social media platforms such as Twitter have become essential for sharing information and expressing public opinions during this global crisis. Careful investigation of Arabic tweets related to COVID-19 can provide invaluable insights into the common topics and underlying sentiments that shape discussions about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Intentions of hospital pharmacists to use digital technology in their daily practice: a cross-sectional survey using the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Background: Digital technology has been widely integrated into healthcare. This encompasses knowledge, skills, and practices related to the development and use of health technologies. The behavior of health professionals is critical to the adoption of these technologies.

Incorporating health literacy principles into the adaptation of a methods motivational interviewing approach for enrolling black adults in a pilot randomized trial.

Suboptimal enrollment and retention efforts can compromise the quality of clinical trials. Barriers to enrolling marginalized populations include low awareness/education about clinical trials. Methods-Motivational Interviewing (MMI) is a patient-centered process that integrates education in providing trial information and engages participants in discussions about the trial before enrollment.

Salusin-α attenuates lipid accumulation of C57BL/6 mice with Non-alcoholic fatty liver.

With the development of society and economy, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually affected people's health. It is very important to find an effective treatment for NAFLD. Salusin-α is a kind of cardiovascular active peptide that can reduce blood pressure and slow down the heart rate.

Relationship between biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and susceptibility to rifaximin and ofloxacin.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for many infectious diseases related to antibiotic resistance. Biofilm formation may help bacteria to pass the treatment with antibiotics and overcome the immune system. Here, the relationship between antibiotics (rifaximin and ofloxacin) susceptibility and biofilm formation was evaluated.

Genome-wide association study of the fatty liver index in the Taiwanese population reveals shared and population-specific genetic risk factors across ethnicities.

Background And Objectives: Although the incidence of fatty liver disease (FLD) is increasing worldwide, the genetic basis of this disease is not fully understood. This study uses the fatty liver index (FLI) to identify and compare genetic variants associated with FLD in Taiwanese and European populations.

Results: In this study, a total of 145,356 Taiwan Biobank participants were included in the discovery analysis.

Correlation of rivaroxaban solubility in mixed solvents for optimization of solubility using machine learning analysis and validation.

In this study, the solubility of rivaroxaban, a poorly water-soluble drug, was investigated in mixed solvent systems to address challenges in pharmaceutical formulation and bioavailability enhancement. Solubility optimization is essential for the effective delivery and therapeutic performance of rivaroxaban, as its low aqueous solubility limits oral bioavailability and necessitates innovative approaches for drug formulation. The study explored the role of primary alcohols combined with dichloromethane in improving solubility, emphasizing their industrial relevance in crystallization, purification, and drug manufacturing processes.

Psychometric properties of the Arabic emotional and behavioral reaction to intrusions questionnaire among sample of Arabic speaking adults.

Background Intrusive "thoughts" represent undesirable cognitive activity that can cause distress, and occurs in individuals with and without psychological disorders. In order to deal with unwanted intrusive thoughts, individuals might consciously attempt to halt the flow of these cognitions through suppression or unconsciously avoid them automatically through repression. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate and validate a translation of the Emotional and Behavioral Reaction to Intrusions Questionnaire (EBRIQ) in Arabic, for adults who speak the language.

Practices and knowledge of community pharmacists towards the use of proton pump inhibitors: a cross-sectional study in Jordan.

Objectives: The widespread use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) raised concerns on the safety of long-term use of these drugs. Community pharmacists have great responsibility of educating patients on these drugs which requires having adequate knowledge. The aim of this study was to assess the practices and knowledge of community pharmacists regarding PPIs.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance differences among unvaccinated foreign- and united states-born persons: A cross-sectional study, 2021.

Purpose: To investigate the association between nativity and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its interaction with race/ethnicity, education, and English proficiency.

Methods: Differences in vaccine acceptance among propensity-score matched foreign- and US-born persons using 2021 California Health Interview Survey Data were measured using a survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression model with interaction terms and average predicted probabilities between nativity and: race/ethnicity, education, English proficiency.

Results: A total of 4,234,655 survey-weighted persons (8504 unweighted) met inclusion criteria; 2251,279 (53 %) were foreign-born (1,983,376 US-born), and 55 % of all persons were Hispanic/Latino, 22 % were Non-Hispanic White, 17 % were Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, 3.

Pharmacogenomic insights: IL-23R and ATG-10 polymorphisms in Sorafenib response for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Sorafenib is the first FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. This study investigates the influence of IL-23R (rs7517847) and ATG-10 (rs10514231) genetic polymorphisms on Sorafenib response, survival outcomes, average tolerable dose, and adverse events.

Ingenol mebutate in cancer therapy: mechanisms, clinical applications and future directions.

Ingenol mebutate (IM), a diterpene ester derived from Euphorbia species, has demonstrated promising anticancer properties through direct cytotoxicity and immune modulation. Despite initial clinical success, its therapeutic use has been curtailed due to safety concerns, including potential links to increased skin cancer risk. This review evaluates the mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical efficacy, safety, and limitations of IM as an anticancer agent, identifying areas for further development.

NQO1-Activatable Circular Antisense Oligonucleotides for Tumor-Cell-Specific Survivin Gene Silencing and Antitumor Therapy.

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), a protein highly expressed in tumor cells, serves as an excellent trigger for releasing drugs specifically within tumor cells. In this study, we designed an activatable circular antisense oligonucleotide (cASO) by incorporating a head-to-tail cyclization mediated by an NQO1-responsive trimethyl-locked quinone propionate (Q3PA), coupled with a self-immolative linker. The resulting circular structure prevented the cASO from binding to the target mRNA, thereby avoiding gene silencing.

Comparing Scientific Machine Learning With Population Pharmacokinetic and Classical Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of Drug Concentrations.

A variety of classical machine learning (ML) approaches has been developed over the past decade aiming to individualize drug dosages based on measured plasma concentrations. However, the interpretability of these models is challenging as they do not incorporate information on pharmacokinetic (PK) drug disposition. In this work we compare drug plasma concentraton predictions of well-known population PK (PopPK) modeling with classical machine learning models and a newly proposed scientific machine learning (MMPK-SciML) framework.

Abnormal Vessels Potentially Accelerate Glioblastoma Proliferation by Inducing the Protumor Activation of Macrophages.

Glioblastoma (GBM) involves disruptions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and alterations in the immune microenvironment, including the activation of glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs). Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, commonly used in recurrent GBM treatment, can influence these processes. This study investigates the relationship between BBB disruption and GAM activation, focusing on plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), a marker of BBB disruption, and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), an inflammatory protein implicated in tumor progression.

Oral versus subcutaneous semaglutide weight loss outcomes after two years among patients with type 2 diabetes in a real-world database.

Background: Interest has grown in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide long-term outcomes. This retrospective cohort study compared effectiveness of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide for weight loss outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a 2-year treatment period.

Research Design And Methods: Weight loss was evaluated through mean percentage change from baseline, proportion achieving at least 5% weight loss and at least 10% weight loss comparing subcutaneous ( = 310) versus oral users ( = 57) and by age group.

Bird's eye view of natural products for the development of new anti-HIV agents: Understanding from a therapeutic viewpoint.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the name used to describe several potentially life-threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system. The primary effect of HIV is to decrease host immunity, exposing the host to external pathogens. The development of pharmaceutical drugs that directly cure the infection is crucial because of the current wide-ranging epidemic of HIV.

The Association of Opioid Prescriptions to Children after Discharge from Surgery and New Opioid Prescription Fills in Family Members.

Objective: To determine whether family members of pediatric surgical patients who filled a discharge opioid prescription would have higher rates of new opioid prescription fills compared with family members of patients who did not fill a pediatric surgical discharge opioid prescription.

Study Design: Using OptumLabs Data Warehouse administrative claims, we performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric surgery patients aged 5 through18 and their family members, based on whether an opioid prescription for the child was filled after surgery. Neither patients nor family members had any history of prior opioid use.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri fruit extract: Prescription optimization, Characterization and antifungal activity.

Currently, the drugs employed to treat superficial fungal infections are encountering challenges, particularly the rise of drug resistance. Numerous studies have suggested that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) show promise in the realm of antifungal treatment. Green synthesis makes the preparation of ZnO NPs more environmentally friendly and economical.